Salmon: Biology, Ecological Impacts and Economic Importance

357 Pages·2016·0.48 MB·English

by  Woo P.T.K.

FISH, FISHING AND FISHERIES

S
ALMON

B , E I
IOLOGY COLOGICAL MPACTS
E I
AND CONOMIC MPORTANCE

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F , F F
ISH ISHING AND ISHERIES

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FISH, FISHING AND FISHERIES

S
ALMON

B , E I
IOLOGY COLOGICAL MPACTS
E I
AND CONOMIC MPORTANCE

PATRICK T. K. WOO
AND
DONALD J. NOAKES
EDITORS

New York
Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

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ISBN:(cid:3)(cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:26)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:28) (eBook)

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Overview of Salmon and Their Ecological
and Economic Importance 1
Donald J. Noakes
Chapter 2 Seed Quality in Hatchery-Reared Chum Salmon Fry:
Methods of Evaluation and Improvement 11
Shinya Mizuno
Chapter 3 Intraspecific Morphological Heterogenicity of Atlantic
Salmon in the Wild and Aquaculture 23
Anastasia Yurtseva
Chapter 4 Changes in Fatty Acid Composition during Embryogenesis
and in Young Age Groups (0+) of Atlantic Salmon
Salmo salаr L.: The Role of Rheotactic Behavior and Lipid
Composition of Fry in the Formation of Phenotypic
Groups of Salmon in Large Arctic Rivers 47
Svetlana A. Murzina, Zinaida A. Nefedova,
Alexey E. Veselov, Pauli O. Ripatti,
Nina N. Nemova and Dmitry S. Pavlov
Chapter 5 In silico Identification and Expression of Atlantic
Salmon miRNAs 67
Daniela Reyes Villalobos, Ruth González Miranda,
Rodrigo Vidal Soto and Lara Covelo Soto
Chapter 6 Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.: Genetic Variations
in Protein Metabolism and Growth 85
Krisna Rungruangsak-Torrissen
Chapter 7 Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.: Food Utilization,
Protein Growth Efficiency and Maturation 121
Krisna Rungruangsak-Torrissen
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Aquaculture:
Metabolic Rate and Water Flow Requirements 155
Asbjørn Bergheim and Sveinung Fivelstad
Chapter 9 Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Factors 173
Ian Forster and Ronald Hardy
Chapter 10 Behavior and Genetics of Salmon 195
David L. G. Noakes
Chapter 11 Biological Interactions between Wild and Hatchery-Produced
Pacific Salmon 223
Masahide Kaeriyama and Yuxue Qin
Chapter 12 Environmental Impacts of Salmon Net Pen Farming 239
Donald J. Noakes
Chapter 13 Possible Use of Waste Products from the Salmon Industry:
Properties of Salmon Gelatin 257
Daniel López, Javier Enrione and Silvia Matiacevich
Chapter 14 The Economic Importance of Wild Pacific Salmon 269
Keith R. Criddle and Ikutaro Shimizu
Chapter 15 Salmon Aquaculture: Environmental Impacts
and Economic Implications 307
Frank Asche and Trond Bjørndal
Index 327
PREFACE

We are delighted NOVA Publishers, USA invited us to edit a volume on ‗Salmon:
Biology, Ecological Impacts and Economic Importance‘. As many of our readers know,
numerous species of fishes found around the world are commonly called ‗salmon‘.
Consequently, producing a book on ‗salmon‘ is an enormous undertaking and we believe it
will not be possible to adequately cover everything about ‗salmon‘ in a single volume,
especially given the diversity of species and issues as well as page and time imitations
imposed on us by NOVA. While the many species of salmon all have local ecological,
economic and social importance, at least seven species (salmonids) belonging to two genera
(Oncorhynchus and Salmo) are of commercial importance and they are cultured extensively in
Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Hence, a tremendous amount of research
has been conducted on the biology and ecology of these ‗salmon‘ and they are the focus of
this book.
In this volume we have tried to provide a good mix of both basic and applied topics in the
hope that the book will be useful and of interest to many of our current and future colleagues.
The book has 15 chapters written by 27 contributors and many of them are highly respected
scientists. Given the global importance of salmon, our contributors are from many countries
including 11 from Japan and Russia. These authors bring slightly different and important
perspectives to the book, and their expertise and research may not be known to many young
scientists in Europe and in the Americas. The volume starts with an overview of salmon, their
economic and social importance, and their impacts on the environment. Subsequent topics
include morphological, physiological and behavioral differences between wild and farmed
salmon; growth, food utilization and water flow requirements of wild and hatchery salmon;
the real and potential ecological impacts of sea cages and hatcheries; the potential use of
waste product (gelatin) from the salmon industry; salmon behavior and genetics including
their broad applications that contribute to our understanding of fish biology, and nutritional
and anti-nutritional factors in salmon culture. There are also chapters on environmental
impacts and the economic importance of the commercial fishery and salmon farming
industry; these are very important components of the industry, especially to the seafood
sector. We sincerely thank all our contributors for taking the time to contribute their expertise
and experiences to the book.
We have deliberately left out infectious diseases, non-infectious disorders, and the
immune system which include vaccination against pathogens. These have been extensively
covered in five recent volumes [―Fish Diseases and Disorders: Volumes 1, 2 and 3, 2nd
viii Patrick T. K. Woo and Donald J. Noakes
edition‖ (2006, 2010 and 2011); ―Fish Parasites: Pathobiology and Protection‖ (2012); and
―Diseases and Disorders of Finfish in Cage Culture, 2nd edition‖ (2014)] published by CABI,
Wallingford, UK.
The principal audience of our book is research scientists in the aquaculture industry and
universities, aquaculture consultants, and managers of private and government hatcheries.
The book is also appropriate for graduate and senior undergraduate students in aquaculture
programs, and it may also serve as a reference book for courses in fish biology, fisheries and
aquaculture.

Dr. Patrick T. K. Woo
University Professor Emeritus
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
[email protected]

Dr. Donald J. Noakes
Professor
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Thompson Rivers University
Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada V2C 0C8
[email protected]