Sally Hemings

16 Pages·2010·2.99 MB·English

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David M. Rubenstein Visitor Center English
and Carl and Hunter Smith Education Center
DISCOVER THE
WORLD
ROBERT H. AND
Visit the exhibitions CLARICE SMITH OF JEFFERSON GUIDE FOR
in the ROBERT H. AND WOODLAND PAVILION VISITORS
CHARLOTTESVILLE CLARICE SMITH GALLERY
WALKING TRAIL TO VISITORK IINOFSOK (see list below). The CAFÉ menu includes
sandwiches, salads,
JEFFERSON’S GRAVE
(15 minutes) pastries, child-friendly
& MONTICELLO options and hot and
(25 minutes total) cold drinks.
SHUTTLE BUS
TO MONTICELLO MONTICELLO
(10 minutes) PLANTATION
MODEL
ELEVATOR
Visit THE SHOP at Monticello
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), theorist of the American Revolution,
for a large selection of books
drafted the Declaration of Independence. His words— “all men are
and Jefferson-related gifts. HOWARD AND ABBY created equal”— which continue to inspire people from around the
MILSTEIN THEATER GRIFFIN world, established the foundations of self-government and individual
(courtyard level) DISCOVERY freedom in America.
ROOM
After writing the Declaration, Jefferson spent the next 33 years in
CARL AND public life, serving as delegate to the Virginia General Assembly and to
DOMINION
HUNTER SMITH Congress, governor of Virginia, minister to France, secretary of state,
WELCOME PAVILION
EDUCATION CENTER vice president, and president from 1801 to 1809. Notable achievements
of Jefferson’s presidency include the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis
and Clark Expedition.
ELEVATOR PARKING He believed that human reason and knowledge could improve
the condition of mankind. Jefferson studied science and was an
GROUP CHECK-IN “enthusiast” of the arts, shaping public architecture in America and
WHEELCHAIR contributing to horticulture, ethnography, paleontology, archaeology
TO Enjoy the 15-minute ACCESSIBLE and astronomy, to name but a few. In retirement, he founded and
SAUNDERS- introductory film ENTRANCE designed the University of Virginia.
MONTICELLO Thomas Jefferson’s
TRAIL TO PARKING World in the The GRIFFIN DISCOVERY ROOM Jaenfdf ear sWoon rdlde sHigenrietadg eev seirtye , acsopnescttr uocf tMinogn atincde lmloo, adnif yicinogn iotsf abrucihlditiencgtsu re
HOWARD AND ABBY gives guests, especially children, and landscape over a period of 40 years. Monticello was also a working
MILSTEIN THEATER, the chance to learn about plantation, where the paradox of slavery contrasted with the ideals of
See the AFRICAN AMERICAN GRAVEYARD, located at located at the Jefferson’s life and times through liberty expressed by Jefferson in the Declaration.
the foot of the trail that leads from the Visitor Center. courtyard level. hands-on elements and activities,
As a result of Jefferson’s meticulous record keeping and more than 50
including reproductions from the
years of scholarly research, Monticello is among the best-documented,
Monticello house and plantation. best-preserved and best-studied plantations in North America.
Monticello was the center of Jefferson’s world; to understand him, you
must experience Monticello, his autobiographical statement. On a little
Exhibitions in the Robert H. and Clarice Smith Gallery mountain in Charlottesville, the power of place merges with the power
of Jefferson’s timeless ideas. His home and masterpiece, Monticello, is
a touchstone for all who seek to explore the enduring meaning of “life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
Thomas Jefferson and Monticello as Experiment:
“The Boisterous Sea of “To Try All Things” explores
Liberty” illustrates the Jefferson’s use of Monticello as
development and ongoing a laboratory for his belief that STAY CONNECTED
influence of Jefferson’s core “useful knowledge” could make
ideas about liberty on a wall life more efficient and convenient. Use Monticello’s free Wi-Fi
of 21 flat-panel LCD screens,
including seven interactive Making Monticello:
touch screens. Jefferson’s “Essay in Thomas Jefferson’s
@TJMonticello
Architecture” showcases the Monticello
The Words of Thomas architectural origins, construction
Jefferson brings Jefferson’s and four-decade evolution of the
thoughts to light through Monticello house, widely regarded Monticello, a private nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation founded in
projection in an innovative as one of the icons of American 1923, receives no ongoing federal or state funds in support of its monticello.org
display. architecture. dual mission of preservation and education.
Monticello
House and Plantation
DOME ROOM
THE PLANTATION
Jefferson divided his plantation
into separate farms run by resident
SKYLIGHT SKYLIGHT overseers who directed the labor of
enslaved men, women and children.
Most of Jefferson’s slaves came to
CLOSET
him by inheritance. For most of
PARLOR BEDROOM
his life he was the owner of about
Thomas Jefferson by Thomas Sully, 1856 PARLOR TEA ROOM DINING ROOM JEFFERSON’S 200 enslaved people, two-thirds of
CHAMBER them at Monticello and one-third
THE HALL
Jefferson’s family and their guests NORTH SOUTH at Poplar Forest. Tobacco was his
If you had visited Monticello in ggaatmheesr eadn dto m counsivcearls ien, srteraudm aenndts p ilna y PIAZZA CABINET (GREPEIANZHZOAU S E) mwhaeina tc ians hth cer o17p9, 0bsu. t he switched to
Jefferson’s time, you would have the parlor, with its elegant parquet
been greeted in this grand two-story floor. The room contained furniture
room by Burwell Colbert, Jefferson’s that Jefferson acquired in France as
eennssllaavveedd bhuoutlseerb, ooyrs b. yTh oen eG oref atth Ce lock wate Mll oasn tipiceeclleos. mThade ew ianl ltsh fee ajotuinreedry SCTEOLRLAAGRE WINE CELLAR WARE ROOM BEER CELLAR SCTEOLRLAAGRE
above the doorway displays the time as portraits of notable philosophers,
well as the day of the week. statesmen, navigators and explorers of
the New World. Jefferson also hung
paintings of biblical subjects with MULBERRY ROW
strong visual impact.
Learn about domestic work at Monticello at the CROSSROADS exhibition underneath the house.
Named for the mulberry trees planted
along it, Mulberry Row was the center STOREHOUSE FOR IRON
NORTH OCTAGONAL ROOM
of plantation activity at Monticello
from the 1770s until Jefferson’s death Built around 1793, this log structure
Frequent occupants of this semi- in 1826. Enslaved, free and indentured was recently reconstructed based
octagonal bedroom were the fourth workers and craftsmen lived and on archaeological and documentary
president of the United States, James worked along Mulberry Row, which evidence. Jefferson referred to
Madison, and his celebrated wife, changed over time to accommodate it as a “storehouse for nailrod &
Thomas Jefferson’s polygraph Dolley. Madison was Jefferson’s close the varying needs of Monticello’s other iron,” but it was also a site
Courtesy of the University of Virginia friend and important ally; his estate, construction and Jefferson’s household for tinsmithing, nailmaking and
Montpelier, is about 30 miles—about a and manufacturing initiatives. domestic life.
STUDY AND BEDCHAMBER day’s travel then—from Monticello.
DINING ROOM Changing over time as structures
AND TEA ROOM were built, removed, or repurposed,
Every day, Jefferson spent time
BOOK ROOM THE UPSTAIRS Mulberry Row had more than 25
reading and writing in his cabinet,
The Jefferson family and their workshops, dwellings and storage
or study. His desk holds a polygraph,
guests ate two main meals a day: a copying machine with two pens. Jefferson kept his library of over 6,500 Occupied primarily by Jefferson’s buildings for weavers, spinners,
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American objects were displayed with Anglo-Colonial and African in his lifetime. with the congressional library. In 1815, between all of Monticello’s inhabitants as depicted by Palladio. Sometimes
amid his wide-ranging collection of influences. The tea room was a Jefferson sold his library to the nation; —both enslaved and free. The second called the “skyroom,” the Dome
European art, maps of Virginia and seating area for wine and evening his books became the nucleus of the and third floors were often filled to Room was at times used for guests,
the known continents, bones, fossils, refreshments after dinner. During present Library of Congress. Shortly capacity, accommodating what one for storage, and as temporary living
horns and skins of extinct and living Jefferson’s retirement, Edith Fossett after the sale, Jefferson wrote to John family member described as “an quarters for Jefferson’s grandson and
North American animals. apnredp Farraendc feoso Hd eirnn t,h een ksliatcvheden c oaonkds ,t he Aandda mhes, b“eI gcaann nbouty ilnivge mwoitrheo. uAtf tbeor ohkiss, ” almost perpetual round of company.” his wife.
cellar of the house. death, much of his library was sold to
SOUTH SQUARE ROOM MARTHA JEFFERSON
pay his debts, along with the house,
most of its contents and the enslaved
This small room is the only one on workers. Today, only a few original Martha Jefferson Randolph, known
the main floor dedicated solely to volumes remain from the retirement as Patsy to family and friends, was
Jefferson’s family members. Jefferson’s library at Monticello. The other books the first child of Thomas Jefferson THE STONE STABLE
eldest daughter, Martha Jefferson Jefferson’s bed was in an alcove here are the same titles and editions as and his wife, Martha Wayles Skelton.
Randolph, used it as her sitting room between the cabinet and the bedroom. the originals. Jefferson firmly believed She moved to Monticello after her The Stone Stable on Mulberry Row has THE HEMMINGS CABIN
and office, and as a classroom for her The design was a space-saving idea he that educated citizens were essential to father’s retirement, where she focused been in almost continuous use since it
children. From this room, she oversaw borrowed from France. Jefferson died the survival of democracy. on educating her 11 children and was constructed in 1809. The stable was Woodworker John Hemmings and
the household and domestic activities supervising domestic activities on the the transportation hub and conduit
in this room on July 4, 1826. his wife, Priscilla, likely lived in a
of the plantation. plantation. Martha Jefferson Randolph’s bedchamber of goods that linked the mountaintop
cabin like this reconstruction. It
with the rest of Thomas Jefferson’s
represents one of three structures
plantations and, through Jefferson
built circa 1793 on Mulberry
family connections, the world. These
Row for enslaved families. When
Monticello two stone buildings were likely used to
creating this cabin, builders used
store feed and tack during Jefferson’s
Dependencies, Gardens and Grounds traditional materials and methods.
lifetime.
THE DEPENDENCIES SALLY HEMINGS JEFFERSON’S GRAVE
A striking aspect of Jefferson’s design Sally Hemings (1773-1835), a member of Thomas Jefferson is buried at
for Monticello is the incorporation the large Hemings family, was an enslaved Monticello with other members
of the “dependencies,” or essential lady’s maid at Monticello. DNA test results of his family in a gravesite he
service rooms, so that they were easily in 1998 indicated a genetic link between chose in 1773. This plot is owned
accessible, without the need to venture the Jefferson and Hemings families. Based by an association of Jefferson’s
outdoors. They were invisible from the on scientific evidence and oral history, descendants and is still used as a
public spaces of the house. Two wings, Monticello and most historians now cemetery. The epitaph he wrote
SOUTH TERRACE
with kitchen, smokehouse, dairy, ice believe that, years after his wife’s death, for his tombstone included only
FLOWER GARDEN AND PAVILION
house and carriage bays, are connected Thomas Jefferson was the father of Sally “Author of the Declaration of
by an all-weather passageway at the Hemings’ six children, including Beverly, American Independence, of the
By 1808, Jefferson had laid out and This terrace, reserved for Jefferson cellar level. Along this passageway Harriet, Madison and Eston Hemings. Statute of Virginia for Religious
planted 20 oval flower beds at the and his family, leads to the South are spaces for the storage of food, NORTH PAVILION Freedom, and Father of the
four corners of the house, and a Pavilion, the first building erected on beverages and firewood. In these University of Virginia.”
flower border along a graveled the mountaintop. The one-room living dependencies, the lives of Jefferson Mirroring the South Pavilion, the
walk encircling the West Lawn. The space that initially sheltered Jefferson family members intersected with construction of the North Pavilion AFRICAN AMERICAN GRAVEYARD
serpentine design of the flower walk alone soon had not one but three the lives of the enslaved African completed Jefferson’s scheme for
V EGETABLE GARDEN aJsetynffdlee trohsfoe n loa’snv adinls tc“eiasrpleaesn td dien”s ibtghened, s ia nr ffieoflerlemdc tah le rjloaetisenirde edthn hatsit—m yie nian r1 7tth7h2ee ihSrio seu lwdtheif sPet, a dMvaiulaigorthnht,ae ar, n d Aplmanetraiticaonns aws hwoe wll oars kiend t hoen hthoeu se. ouParpgvpaielniroi zflnio,n owgr ad, sol iumkseee sdthti bact yf oumfn etchmtieob nSeosr.su Thth e MAmfoernrice,a wtnh oaAmnm e4en0r iagcnradanv cfeahsm iilndil riaee nsw aoorofe dM beuodrn pitieldoce ti lnlo ’s
When Jefferson referred to his considered “one of the seven fine arts.” was born. of Jefferson’s family; son-in-law adjacent to the visitor parking area. During
“garden,” he meant his vegetable Thomas Mann Randolph used it
the winter of 2000-2001, archaeologists
garden, on the southeast slope of TREES COOK’S ROOM as a study, while granddaughter confirmed this site was a slave burial ground,
the mountain. Although it provided Virginia Randolph and her husband,
identifying 20 graves, including those of
food for the family table, the garden Nicholas Trist, lived there after their
also functioned as a laboratory Trees ranked high among Jefferson’s The Cook’s Room, marriage in 1824. eight children. There are likely other burial
where he grew 330 varieties of some favorite plants. He documented the adjacent to the grounds still undiscovered on the plantation.
9Thga9r isdsp ewenca iase nsa d or efJ evvffoeleguretistoaobnnl’sae rsmy a oAnsdmt ehenreirrcibacshn. i ng p“thcllaeun hmtiopnusgs” e oo,f fa 1no6dr0n asaplmleéceeisne tosa,f l ismn acudllujbadecirenrngyt, to PCASEOVLIULLTIAOHRN KSwoiatusc thohec nDcu eipnpi eetnhdde b eyn cy, KITCHEN WAs IoNnEe oCf EthLeL mAoRst knowledgeable ICE HOUSE PCNAEVOLIRLLTIAOHRN THE LEVY FAMILY STEWARDSHIP
horticultural achievement. Today, the honey locust and other trees along his Monticello’s head wine enthusiasts in the country, The main purpose Monticello survives today because of
garden serves as a preservation seed roundabouts. Visitors were often taken DAIRY cook. It was first The Kitchen was among the best- Thomas Jefferson served as wine of the ice house was the efforts of its two major owners after
bveagnekt aobfl eJe vffaerriseotine-se. ra and 19th-century t“op este etr weehsa.”t one guest called Jefferson’s SQLATVRE uqHliuskeeeamdlry tia enbsrg ysls ib,Ev fyidon iPltglheo t were d eciUnoqn muEiitupperldpeo etpSedte aw kbtieiuttscht,h traehe nlsiastse ti piwnvre esAlctyuom rrveaseror.ie rCc aioon,f m tthhmeeo n aMwPdoaavrsdti usfiiesglorlae nltd,o aS wPnpirdateh isMn iwd, oHeinnnuretonss egWf.ar oHraymsi,hs G iFcnreegarlltnmaocrnae n,, y fIsaottn oowdrd eab spfu rurteetsseseherdr mavtsoae ti waote nll. CARRIAGEHOUSE JfiNLeeraffsvvtey y.rJ ,esF aowonnrids’ snh hde caiesora mlntyhe m:1p 0Uoh0der iywoaer,ha eJ r ePisnffh, etithlrhlsieepo LsnU e LnvMeyivtosey ndw, r toSohrteeak teeds
SLAVE Fossett and her kitchen range had charcoal fires with and Italy, reflecting tastes he acquired as for making ice to restore and preserve the house. In 1923,
QTR family in 1809. In cream and chilling the Thomas Jefferson Foundation was
grated cast-iron openings and could during his European travels. Jefferson
the evenings, they wine. Packed tightly founded, and purchased the property from
be regulated more precisely than a sometimes imported several hundred
SMOKEHO uassue svwecahdirn iateghsty. i cs o orofo kwoimnayg si na, n d ruInos ea1dr7i9 nf0og,r fi Jberffreepearldasco aenn. dsThh oiept hpbeeardk be c aookvpeepdne g rwo aosd s. bttoho etc tawlesiksn spe b ecero cyuaeuladsr e.n Hboote tb tpelre eas fdeeunrlrsteuedrr aebdteo dttht lbaeyts awosonrim tdsh teir nwtiaswmouo,el adtsht elceadh si itcpeeds ABLES Uriah Phillips Levy Jobenyff ttehhrees o Ltnrea vLdyei vtifayom. nThi loyef. pforuesnedravtiatioonn h easst acabrlirsiheded
US pots, pans and pieces of specialized wine merchants or by crewmen on through the ST
E cookware to Monticello from board a vessel during shipment.
summer.
COOK’S France for his cooks to use in food
ROOM preparation.
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Jefferson grew flowers and fragrant
SOUTH CELLAR PASSAGE NORTH CELLAR PASSAGE
plants such as orange trees in his
greenhouse, which is adjacent to Don’t miss out on
his Book Room. He kept tools and SOUTH NORTH
a workbench there too, and may PRIVY STORAGE PRIVY NEW DISCOVERIES
have installed an aviary for his UPCOMING EVENTS
pet mockingbirds. Attached to the SALES AND SPECIAL OFFERS
greenhouse are two outdoor porches ca. 1809-1826
with moveable slats that control the
amount of light entering the space.