Table Of ContentManoj Kumar · Hassan Etesami
Vivek Kumar Editors
Saline Soil-
based
Agriculture by
Halotolerant
Microorganisms
Saline Soil-based Agriculture by Halotolerant
Microorganisms
(cid:129)
Manoj Kumar Hassan Etesami
Vivek Kumar
Editors
Saline Soil-based
Agriculture by
Halotolerant
Microorganisms
Editors
ManojKumar HassanEtesami
DepartmentofLifeSciences DepartmentofSoilScience
CentralUniversityofJharkhand UniversityofTehran
Ranchi,Jharkhand,India Tehran,Iran
VivekKumar
HimalayanSchoolofBiosciences
SwamiRamaHimalayanUniversity,
JollyGrant,
Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India
ISBN978-981-13-8334-2 ISBN978-981-13-8335-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8335-9
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Preface
Foodsecurityisoneofthefundamentalneeds thatcannot becompromised byany
healthy society. The widespread increases in environmental damage and human
populations have an adverse effect on global food production, which may soon be
mixed with insufficient food before the global swelling population. To meet the
additionalfooddemand,asignificantincrease(anestimated50%)inyieldsofmajor
foodcropsisrequiredfortheprojectedpopulation(aroundtenbillionpeople)bythe
next 50 years. The world’s population is constantly increasing, while agricultural
soils are constantly decreasing due to soil salinity. The costs associated with this
stressarepotentiallyenormous(US$12billionperannumglobally)andrising.Due
to the decrease in the level of fertile land, saline soil-based agriculture has been
developingrapidlyinrecentyears.Arestrictiontothisagriculturalapproachislow
salttoleranceofagriculturalcropsandtrees.Insuchsalinesoils,theplantsthatare
salt-resistantcanproducesignificantyields.Tosustainfutureagriculturalproduction
insalt-affectedsoils,wemustbeabletodevelopsalt-tolerantfoodandfiberplants,
whichcansuccessfullygrowinsalt-affectedareas.Developingsalt-tolerantcropsby
traditionalbreedingandgeneticengineeringhasbeenamuchdesiredscientificgoal
butwithlittlesuccess.Analternativestrategytoimprovecropsalttolerancemaybe
to introduce salt-tolerant microbes that enhance crop growth. As soil salinity-
resistantmicroorganismshaveincreasedthegrowthofmanydifferentcropsgrown
in salt-affected soils, this approach may succeed where it has proved difficult to
develop salt-tolerant germplasm. Identifying and making use of salinity-resistant
microorganismsnotonlymeetourrequirementofsalt-tolerantcropsbutalsoreduce
pressure on arable lands. Salinity-tolerant microorganisms also offer excellent
models for understanding stress tolerance and mechanisms of adaptation and
response that can subsequently be engineered to crop plants to get over stress-
induced climate change. Recent advance in plant–bacteria interaction research
revealed that plants are able to shape their rhizosphere and endorhiza microbiome.
Understressconditions,plantscanrequirethepresenceofassociatedbacteria(stress
tolerance) for their growth and establishment in different ecosystems. Symbiotic
bacteriaexistinallplantslivinginthenaturalecosystems.Thisrelationshipmaybe
thekeyfactorinvolvedinplants’stresstoleranceability.Indeed,localadaptationof
plantstotheirenvironmentisdrivenbygeneticdifferentiationincloselyassociated
bacteria.
v
vi Preface
Halophytes are extremely salt-tolerant plants which usually grow and survive
undersaltconcentrationsashighas5gl(cid:1)1,bymaintainingnegativewaterpotential,
wherenocultivationoccurs.Thesalt-tolerantmicrobesinhabitingtherhizosphereof
halophytes may contribute to salt tolerance. The rhizosphere and endorhiza of
halophytic plants represent ideal source for isolation of various groups of salt-
tolerant microbes that could enhance the growth of different crops under salinity
stress.Thesesalt-tolerantmicrobesarepositiveformultiplestress-relatedtraitsthat
may facilitate plants to survive under growth inhibitory levels of salt. The use of
halotolerantmicroorganismsinagricultureasbiofertilizershasextremelyincreased
asanalternativetoreplaceagrochemicals.Halotolerantmicroorganismshavebegun
toemergeasanimportantalternativetorecuperateabandonedfarmlandaffectedby
salt in arid and semiarid areas. The microorganisms isolated from halophytes were
alsoable toincreasethegrowthofglycophytes(salt-sensitive crops)undersalinity
stress.
Inthisbook,weofferedaviewofsalt-tolerantmicrobes’abilitytoincreaseplant
tolerancetosalttofacilitateplantgrowth,thepotentialofhalophytes’rhizosphereas
reservoirofbeneficialsalt-tolerantmicrobes,thefutureapplicationasbio-inoculants
as alternative in agriculture, and a valuable resource for the alternative way of
improving crop tolerance to salinity and promoting saline soil-based agriculture in
the future. In general, this special collection of reviews will highlight some of the
recentprogressesmadeinappliedaspectsofplant(halophytes)-microbeinteractions
and its contribution toward eco-friendly approach in agri-ecosystem (saline soil-
basedagriculture).
Wehopeyoulikereadingthisbook.
Ranchi,India ManojKumar
Tehran,Iran HassanEtesami
Dehradun,India VivekKumar
Contents
1 SoilSalinityasaChallengeforSustainableAgricultureand
Bacterial-MediatedAlleviationofSalinityStressinCropPlants. . . 1
HassanEtesamiandFatemehNoori
2 RestorationofPlantGrowthUnderSalineSoilbyHalotolerant
PlantGrowth-PromotingRhizobacteria(PGPR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LeilaBensidhoum,SyliaAitBessai,andElhafidNabti
3 HalotolerantRhizobacteria:APromisingProbioticforSaline
Soil-BasedAgriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
AnkitaAlexander,AvinashMishra,andBhavanathJha
4 DevelopmentofSaltToleranceinCropsEmploying
HalotolerantPlantGrowth–PromotingRhizobacteria
AssociatedwithHalophyticRhizosphereSoils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
AshokPandaandAsishKumarParida
5 HalotolerantPlantGrowth-PromotingFungiandBacteriaas
anAlternativeStrategyforImprovingNutrientAvailability
toSalinity-StressedCropPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
HassanEtesamiandHosseinAliAlikhani
6 BacterialEndophytesfromHalophytes:HowDoTheyHelp
PlantstoAlleviateSaltStress?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
IgnacioD.Rodríguez-Llorente,EloisaPajuelo,
SalvadoraNavarro-Torre,JenniferMesa-Marín,
andMiguelA.Caviedes
7 EffectsofHalophilicBacteriaonBiochemicalCharacteristics
ofRiceCultivarsUnderSalinityStressConditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
MehvishRiazKhattak,SamiUllahJan,IjazMalook,
SehrishRiazKhattak,NazneenAkhtar,SehreshKhan,
andMuhammadJamil
vii
viii Contents
8 ProductionofRhamnolipidsbyaHalotolerantBacterial
StrainwithSeawaterandItsApplicationintheTreatment
ofPowderyMildewofStrawberry(Fragariaananassa).. . . .. . . .. 175
XiangshengZhangandBopingTang
9 BottlenecksinCommercializationandFutureProspectsof
BeneficialHalotolerantMicroorganismsforSalineSoils. . . . . . . . . 187
BushraTabassum,AdeyinkaOlawaleSamuel,
MuhammadUmarBhatti,NeelamFatima,NailaShahid,
andIdreesAhmadNasir
10 RoleofHalotolerantMicrobesinPlantGrowthPromotion
UnderSaltStressConditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
ZahirAhmadZahir,SajidMahmoodNadeem,
MuhammadYahyaKhan,RanaBinyamin,
andMuhammadRashidWaqas
About the Editors
ManojKumar isanAssociateProfessorattheDepart-
mentofLifeSciences,CentralUniversityofJharkhand,
India. He is committed to high-quality science that
contributes to both improving our understanding of
plant development and increasing the ecological niche.
He has extensive professional experience and has had
affiliations with Jawaharlal Nehru University and the
Universities of Melbourne, Pretoria, and Ton Duc
Thang. His research focus includes tree molecular
genetics, plant-microbe interaction, and bioremediation
ofsoilpollutants.
He has authored 45 research papers and 5 review
articles in leading international journals as well as
13books.Hehasalsoledseveralresearchprojectsand
R&D facilities at industry level and collaborated
internationally.
Hassan Etesamiis a Research Scientist with 10 years
ofexperienceinthefieldofsoilbiologyandbiotechnol-
ogy. He obtained his doctor’s degree from the Depart-
mentofSoilScience,CollegeofAgriculture&Natural
Resources,UniversityofTehran, Iran,whereheiscur-
rentlyaMemberofthefaculty.Hehasaspecialinterest
in developing biofertilizers and biocontrol agents that
meet farmers’ demands. He has coauthored over
50 publications (research papers, review papers, and
book chapters) in various areas including biofertilizers
and biocontrol. He is also a Reviewer for 27 interna-
tionaljournals.
ix
x AbouttheEditors
His research areas include microbial ecology,
biofertilizers, soil pollution, integrated management of
abiotic (salinity, drought, heavy metals, and nutritional
imbalance)andbiotic(fungalpathogens)stresses,plant-
microbe interactions, environmental microbiology, and
bioremediation.
Vivek Kumar is an Associate Professor, involved in
teaching and research and guidance. He works at
the Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama
Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.
Hecurrentlyservesontheeditorialboardsofnumerous
respected international journals. He is also a Reviewer
for several prestigious international journals. In
addition, he is an Evaluator of project proposals for
“The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
(NWO),” Netherlands. He has published over 100
research papers, reviewarticles, and book chapters and
has edited several Springer books. He also served as a
Microbiologist at the Department of Soil and Water
Research, Public Authority of Agricultural Affairs and
Fish Resources, Kuwait, for 8 years. He has been
credited with the first reporting and identification of
pink rot inflorescence disease of date palm in Kuwait
caused by Serratia marcescens. He was awarded
“YoungScientistAward”fortheyear2002in“Agricul-
tural Microbiology” by the Association of Micro-
biologists of India (AMI). His research areas include
plant-microbeinteractions,sustainableagriculture,envi-
ronmental microbiology, and bioremediation. He has
alsoorganizedvariousoutreachactivities.
