Table Of ContentHans G. Natke . Geoffrey R. Tomlinson· James T. P. Yao
Safety Evaluation
Based on Identification Approaches
Related to Time-Variant and Nonlinear Structures
Vieweg
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Methods
Vieweg--------------------------~
Hans G. Natke . Geoffrey R. Tomlinson· James T. P. Yao
Safety Evaluation
Based on Identification
Approaches
Related to Time-Variant and
Nonlinear Structures
I I
Vleweg
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e Frledr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, BraunschweiglWiesbaden, 1993
Vieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Publishing Group International.
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Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN-13: 978-3-528-06535-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-322-89467-0
001: 10.1007/978-3-322-89467-0
v
FOREWORD
Safety evaluation by definition involves many complex factors and thus covers a
wide range of topics. In order to focus the content of the workshop the subject
matter was specific to the state of the art and the recent developments in nonlinear
and time-variant methods employing identification procedures.
Participants in the workshop represented a wide range of expertise. They were se
lected in order to cover the state of the art of knowledge in fault-detection and dam
age assessment, system identification, signal processing, mathematical and physical
modelling and applications of techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural networks.
The emphasis was placed on the exploitation and understanding of nonlinearity
arising from structural or material faults. Figure 1 indicates the range of topics
covered in the workshop.
Since no unique or general approach yet exists for treating nonlinearity in the
field of safety evaluation, many of the topics presented were problem specific. In
order to assist the reader in selecting the material of primary interest a matrix of
the topics covered by each participant is shown in Table 1. This table relates the
authors to the subject matter, providing a guide through the diverse range of topics
presented at the workshop.
The structure of the contents of the proceedings, starting with an overview paper
on the evaluation of diagnostic methods, follows the manner in which they were
presented. The contents can be classified into the following four categories:
• Test design, monitoring of structural behaviour (mainly advanced methods
such as intensity measurements, spatially continuous measurements).
• Damage detection and localisation by studying time-variant and nonlinear
behaviour.
• Methods of system identification (with respect to time-variant and nonlinear
systems) including mathematical solutions ofthe generally ill-posed problems,
treatment of the associated uncertainties, and their effects on structural reli
ability.
• Procedures for safety evaluation with emphasis on time-variant and/or non-
linear systems (including fuzzy logic and neural nets).
The achievements of the workshop are reflected in the number and diversity of the
topics which were succesfully treated, the future directions which have been clearly
identified and the areas which require further attention and research. These are
discussed in the Summary and Conclusions at the end of the proceedings. It is clear
that, as demonstrated by the contents of these proceedings, significant developments
have taken place in the field of safety evaluation. However, the ability to model,
validate and quantify nonlinear and time-variant problems is still in its infancy and
remains to be studied further.
VI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The International Workshop on Safety Evaluation Based on Identification Ap
proaches Related to Time-Variant and Nonlinear Structures was financially sup
ported with a grant from the Volkswagen Foundation, and supplemented with a
research award to H. G. Natke and J. T. P. Yao from the Max-Planck Society and
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the Federal Republic of Germany.
In addition we gratefully acknowledge the support of the following:
Hannoversche Hochschulgemeinschaft, Hannover,
Siemens AG (KWU), Erlangen,
Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg.
We sincerely appreciate the generous support of these organisations.
In particular, we wish to thank all the participants for their active participation
and enthusiastic discussions during this workshop in Lambrecht, Pfalz on 6 - 9
September 1992, and for the preparation of their papers.
H. G. Natke
G. R. Tomlinson
J. T. P. Yao
VII
List of Lecturers
Prof. Dr. Johann Baumeister, FB Mathematik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe
Universitat Frankfurt
Prof. Dr. Y. Ben-Haim, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Prof. Dr. C. Cempel, Applied Mechanics Institute, Poznan University of Tech
nology
Dr. P. Cowley, Rolls-Royce pIc, Derby, UK
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. M. Heckl, Institut fr Technische Akustik, TU Berlin
Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Isermann, Institut f. Regelungstechnik, TH Darmstadt
Prof. Dr. L. Jezeque1, Dept. de Mecanique des Solidesnology, Ecole Centrale
de Lyon, Ecully, F
Prof. M.P. Luong, Lab. de Mecanique des Solides, Ecole Poly technique, Palaiseau
Cedex, F
Prof. S.F. Masri, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. H. G. Natke, Curt-Risch-Institut, Universitat Hannover
Prof. T. T. Soong, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University at Buffalo, USA
Prof. N. Stubbs, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Texas A & M University, College
Station, TX, USA
Prof. Dr. G.R. Tomlinson, Dept. of Engineering, University of Manchester,
UK
Prof. H.S. Tzou, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Dr. C. Valente, University "G. D'Annunzio", Pescara, I
Prof. T. Vinh, Lab. de Rheologie et Structures, Institut Superieur des Materi
aux et de la Construction Mecanique, Saint-Quen, F
Prof. J. T.P. Yao, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Texas A &, M University, TX,
USA
Prof. L.A. Zadeh, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Uni
versity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Prof. J. Zhang, Dept. of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University,
P.R. China
Table of Contents
Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Y. Ben-Haim, C. Cempel, H. G. Natke, J. T. P. Yao
Advantages and Disadvantages of Intensity Measurements 12
M. Heckl
Measurements of Linear and Nonlinear Structures with Distributed Shell
Sensors (Distributed Sensing and Identification) ..................... 28
H. S. Tzou
Damage Evolution and Diagnosis in Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44
C. Cempel, H. G. Natke
Time-Variant Methods in Machinery Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
W. Staszewski, G. R. Tomlinson
Nonlinear Mechanical Systems, Sinusodia Excitation Signal and Modal
Analysis: Theory .............................................. 75
L. Jezequel, C. -H. Lamarque
A Damage Localization Algorithm for Nonlinear Structures ............. 93
N. Stubbs, K. G. Topole
Dynamic Damage Indicators for Composite Based Structures .......... 107
T. Vinh
Identification of Parameters, III-Posed ness and Adaptive Systems . . . . . .. 148
J. Baumeister
Estimation of Physical Parameters for Dynamic Processes with Application
to Fault Detection of an Industrial Robot ........................... 166
R.lsermann
Detection and Location of Damage Causing Non-linear System Behavior . 188
H. G. Natke, J. T. P. Yao
Nonlinear Problems in Selectively Sensitive Identification of Structures . .. 204
Y. Ben-Haim
Safety Evaluation of Electric Pylons Using Impulse Testing ............ 222
M. P. Luong
Damage Assessment Through Nonlinear Structural Identification . . . . . . .. 238
Ling Ge, T. J. Meyer, D. J. Mook, T. T. Soong
The Identification of Non-linear Systems with Statistically Equivalent
Polynomial Systems ........................................... 255
J. H. Zhang, H. G. Natke, Y. Qiu, X. N. Zhang
Damage Assessment from the Dynamic Response of Deteriorating
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 276
F. Brancaleoni, D. Spina, C. Valente
Some Issues in the Identification of Structural Systems Through the Use of
Neural Networks .............................................. 292
S. F. Masri, A. G. Chassiakos
The Application of Neural Networks to Condition Monitoring of Non-linear
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308
P. H. Cowley
Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Soft Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320
L. A. Zadeh
Summary and Conclusions ...................................... 322
Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods
Y. Ben-Haim
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa, Israel
C. Cempel H. G. Natke
Poznan University of Technology University of Hannover
Applied Mechanics Institute Curt-Risch-Institute
Poznan, Poland Hannover, Germany
J. T. P. Yao
Texas A& M University
Department of Civil Engineering
College Station, TX, USA
