Sacra Scriptura: How "Non-Canonical" Texts Functioned in Early Judaism and Early Christianity

231 Pages·2014·2.32 MB·English

by  James H. Charlesworth

JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS IN CONTEXTS
AND RELATED STUDIES

Series

Executive Editor
James H. Charlesworth

Editorial Board of Advisors
Motti Aviam, Michael Davis, Casey Elledge, Loren Johns, Amy-Jill Levine,
Lee McDonald, Lidia Novakovic, Gerbern Oegema, Henry Rietz,
Brent Strawn
ii
SACRA SCRIPTURA

How “Non-Canonical” Texts Functioned in Early
Judaism and Early Christianity

Edited by

James H. Charlesworth and Lee Martin McDonald
with Blake A. Jurgens

LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY
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First published 2014

© James H. Charlesworth, Lee Martin McDonald, Blake A. Jurgens and Contributors, 2014

James H. Charlesworth, Lee Martin McDonald and Blake A. Jurgens have asserted their
right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi(cid:191)ed as Authors of this
work.

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Academic or the authors.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: HB: 978-0-56714-887-2
ePDF: 978-0-56729-668-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sacra Scriptura / James H. Charlesworth, Lee Martin McDonald and Blake A. Jurgens p.cm
Includes bibliographic references and index.
ISBN 978-0-5671-4887-2 (hardcover)

Typeset by Forthcoming Publications Ltd (www.forthpub.com)
CONTENTS

Abbreviations vii
Contributors xi

PREFACE
THE FLUID BORDERS OF THE CANON AND “APOCRYPHA”
James Hamilton Charlesworth xiii

FOREWORD
WITH THE ANCIENTS:
HEARING VOICES THAT WERE SILENCED xxvii

1 WRITINGS LABELED “APOCRYPHA” IN LATIN
PATRISTIC SOURCES
Edmon L. Gallagher 1

2 DID THE MIDRASH OF SHEMIHAZAI AND AZAEL
USE THE BOOK OF GIANTS?
Ken M. Penner 15

3 NEGOTIATING THE BOUNDARIES OF TRADITION:
THE REHABILITATION OF THE BOOK OF BEN SIRA
(SIRACH) IN B. SANHEDRIN 100B
Teresa Ann Ellis 46

4 PROLOGUE OF SIRACH (BEN SIRA)
AND THE QUESTION OF CANON
Francis Borchardt 64

5 THE FUNCTION OF ETHICS IN THE NON-CANONICAL
JEWISH WRITINGS
Gerbern S. Oegema 72

6 THE ODES OF SOLOMON: THEIR RELATION TO SCRIPTURE
AND THE CANON IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY
James Hamilton Charlesworth 89
vi Contents

7 THE ODES OF SOLOMON IN ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY:
REFLECTIONS ON SCRIPTURE AND CANON
Lee Martin McDonald 108

8 ORIGEN’S USE OF THE GOSPEL OF THOMAS
Stephen C. Carlson 137

9 THE ACTS OF THOMAS AS SACRED TEXT
Jonathan K. Henry 152

10 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN THE PROTEVANGELIUM
OF JAMES AND THE GOSPEL OF PETER
Daniel Lynwood Smith 171

Index of References 186
Index of Authors 195
ABBREVIATIONS

Hebrew Bible / Old Testament New Testament
Gen Genesis Mt Matthew
Exod Exodus Mk Mark
Lev Leviticus Lk Luke
Num Numbers Jn John
Deut Deuteronomy Acts Acts
Josh Joshua Rom Romans
Judg Judges 1–2 Cor 1–2 Corinthians
Ruth Ruth Gal Galatians
1 Sam 1 Samuel Eph Ephesians
2 Sam 2 Samuel Phil Philippians
1 Kgs 1 Kings Col Colossians
2 Kgs 2 Kings 1–2 Thess 1–2 Thessalonians
1 Chr 1 Chronicles 1–2 Tim 1–2 Timothy
2 Chr 2 Chronicles Titus Titus
Ezra Ezra Phlm Philemon
Neh Nehemiah Heb Hebrews
Esth Esther Jas James
Job Job 1–2 Pet 1–2 Peter
Ps/Pss Psalm(s) 1–2–3 Jn 1–2–3 John
Prov Proverbs Jude Jude
Eccl Ecclesiastes Rev Revelation
Song Song of Songs
Isa Isaiah
Jer Jeremiah Old Testament Apocrypha and
Lam Lamentations Pseudepigrapha
Ezek Ezekiel AscenIs Ascension of Isaiah
Dan Daniel 3Bar 3 Baruch
Hos Hosea 1En 1 Enoch
Joel Joel 2En 2 Enoch
Amos Amos 3En 3 Enoch
Obad Obadiah Jub Jubilees
Jonah Jonah 1–2–3–4 Macc 1–2–3–4 Maccabees
Mic Micah OdesSol Odes of Solomon
Nah Nahum PssSol Psalms of Solomon
Hab Habakkuk SibOr Sibylline Oracles
Zeph Zephaniah Sir Sirach
Hag Haggai Tob Tobit
Zech Zechariah Wis Wisdom of Solomon
Mal Malachi
viii Abbreviations
New Testament Apocrypha and Gos. Phil. Gospel of Philip
Pseudepigrapha Gos. Thom. Gospel of Thomas
Acts Paul Acts of Paul Prot. Jas. Protevangelium of
Acts John Acts of John James
Acts Thom. Acts of Thomas
Acts Andr. Acts of Andrew Manuscripts
Gos. Pet. Gospel of Peter BodPap Papyrus Bodmer

Greek and Latin Works
Adv. Helv Jerome, Adversus Helvidium de Mariae virginitate perpetua
Adv. Haer. Irenaeus, Adversus haereses
An. Tertullian, De anima
c. Cels. Origen, contra Celsum
Civ. Augustine, De civitae Dei
Comm. Cant. Origen, Commentarius in Canticum
Comm. Eph. Jerome, Commentariorum in Epistulam ad Ephesios libri III
Comm. Ezech. Jerome, Commentariorum in Ezechielem libri XVI
Comm. Isa. Jerome, Commentariorum in Isaiam libri XVIII
Comm. Jo. Origen, Selecta in Job
Comm. Luc. Jerome, Commentarrii in Lucam
Comm. Matt. Origen, Commentarium in evangelium Matthaei
Comm. Rom. Origen, Commentarii in Romanos
Comm. Ser. Matt. Origen, Commentarium series in evangelium Matthaei
Comm. Tit. Jerome, Commentariorum in Epistulam ad Titum liber
Div. quaest. Augustine, De diversis quaestionibus LXXXIII
Doc. Chr. Augustine, De doctrina christiana
Ep. Afr. Origen, Epistula ad Africanum
Ep. Fest. Athanasius, Epistula Festales
Epist. Jerome, Epistulae
Etymolog. Isidore, Etymologiae
Exp. Ps. Athanasius, Expositio in Psalmos
Faust. Augustine, Contra Faustum Manichaeum
Haer. Hippolytus, Refutatio omnium haeresium
Hebr. Nom. Jerome, De nominibus hebraicis (Liber nominum)
Hist. eccl. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica
Hom. Luc. Origen, Homiliae in Lucam
Ign Eph. Ignatius, Epistle to the Ephesians
Ign Magn. Ignatius, Epistle to the Magnesians
Ign Smyrn. Ignatius, Epistle to the Smytnaeans
Ign Trall. Ignatius, Epistle to the Trallians
Inst. Lactantius, Divinarum institutionum libri VII
Or. Tertullian, De oratione
Pan. Epiphanius, Panarion (Adversus haereses)
Praef. Ezram Jerome, Praefatio Eusebii Ieronimi in Ezram
Praef. Pent. Jerome, Praefatio in Pentateuchum
Princ. Origen, De principiis
Abbreviations ix
Pud. Tertullian, De pudicitia
Res. Tertullian, De resurrectione carnis
Sel. Gen. Origen, Selecta in Genesim
Strom. Clement of Alexandria, Stromata
Symb. Ru(cid:191)nus, Commentarius in symbolum apostolorum
Tract. III Priscillian, Tractatus III
Tract. Ps. II Jerome, Tractatus in Psalmos
Vir. ill. Jerome, De viris illustribus

Modern Publications
AB Anchor Bible
ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman, 6 vols. New
York, 1992
ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library
ACW Ancient Christian Writers. 1946–
ANF Ante-Nicene Fathers
ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur
Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Edited by H. Temporini
and W. Haase. Berlin, 1972–
BDAG Bauer, W., F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich. Greek–
English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian
Literature. 3d ed. Chicago, 1999
BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium
Bib Biblica
BN Biblische Notizen
BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
CaE Cahiers évangile
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium. Edited by I. B.
Chabot et al. Paris, 1903–
CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum
DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert
FARG Forschungen zur Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte
FC Fathers of the Church. Washington, D.C., 1947–
FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen
Testaments
GCS Die griechische christliche Schriftsteller der ersten [drei]
Jahrhunderte
HTR Harvard Theological Review
HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual
HUCM Monographs of the Hebrew Union College
ITS Innsbrucker Theologische Studien
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JECS Journal of Early Christian Studies
JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and
Roman Periods