Table Of ContentGuillaume Gomez, Antoni Boucher
Rust Programming
By Example
Enter the world of Rust by building engaging,
concurrent, reactive, and robust applications
Rust Programming By Example
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Guillaume Gomez
Antoni Boucher
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Rust Programming By Example
Copyright (cid:97) 2018 Packt Publishing
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First published: January 2018
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ISBN 978-1-78839-063-7
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Contributors
About the authors
Guillaume Gomez is an open source lover (let's keep this simple). He's a reviewer for the
Rust language and a member of the GNOME organization. Guillaume lives in Paris, France.
I would like to thank Sebastian Dr(cid:96)ge for his review of the book. He did an amazing job in
helping us improve the book.
Antoni Boucher has been enjoying programming for 10 years, especially functional and
system programming. He works in the ad tech industry and strives to improve the
performance and reliability of software. He contributes to multiple open source projects and
is interested in system programming and compilers. Antoni lives in Montreal, Canada.
About the reviewers
Sebastian Dr(cid:96)ge is a free software developer, currently working for Centricular Ltd. His
main involvement is with the GStreamer project, a cross-platform multimedia framework.
He also contributes to various other projects, such as Debian, GNOME, Rust, and WebKit.
He works as a contractor on free software.
Thanks to the authors for making the Rust programming language accessible to more
people with this book and for offering me to review this book, and to the Rust team for
creating such a useful and usable language with great documentation.
Daniel Durante is an avid coffee drinker/roaster, motorcyclist, archer, welder, and
carpenter whenever he isn't programming. From the age of 12, he has been involved with
web and embedded programming with PHP, Node.js, Golang, Rust, and C.
He has worked on text-based browser games that have reached over 1,000,000 active
players and created bin-packing software for CNC machines. He loves working with
embedded programming with cortex-m and PIC circuits, high-frequency trading
applications, and he has helped contribute to one of the oldest ORMs of Node.js
(SequelizeJS).
I would like to thank my parents, my brother, and friends who've all put up with my
insanity sitting in front of a computer day in and day out. I would not be here today if it
wasn't for their patience, guidance, and love.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1
Chapter 1: Basics of Rust
6
Getting to know Rust 7
Installing Rust 8
Windows 8
Linux/Mac 8
Test your installation 10
Documentation and reference 11
Main function 11
Variables 11
Built-in data types 12
Integer types 13
Floating-point types 13
Boolean type 13
Character type 13
Control flow 14
Writing a condition 14
Creating while loops 14
Creating functions 15
Creating structures 15
References 17
Clone types 18
Copy types 19
Mutable references 20
Methods 20
Constructors 21
Tuples 22
Enumerations 22
Pattern matching 23
Irrefutable patterns 25
Traits 25
Default methods 27
Associated types 27
Rules 28
Table of Contents
Generics 29
The Option type 29
Arrays 30
Slices 30
For loops 31
Macros 33
Multiple pattern rules 34
Repetitions 35
Optional quantifier 37
Summary 38
Chapter 2: Starting with SDL
39
Understanding Rust crates 39
Installing SDL2 39
Installing SDL2 on Linux 39
Installing SDL2 on Mac 40
Installing SDL2 on Windows 40
Windows with Build Script 40
Windows (MinGW) 42
Windows (MSVC) 43
Setting up your Rust project 44
Cargo and crates.io 45
The docs.rs documentation 47
Back to our Cargo.toml file 48
Rust's modules 49
Tetris 51
Creating a window 52
Drawing 54
Playing with Options 60
Solution 61
Loading images 64
Installing SDL2_image on Mac 64
Installing SDL2_image on Linux 64
Installing SDL2_image on Windows 65
Playing with features 65
Playing with images 66
Handling files 69
Saving/loading high scores 72
Iterators 72
Reading formatted data from files 74
Summary 77
[ ii ]
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Events and Basic Game Mechanisms
78
Writing Tetris 78
Tetrimino 79
Creating tetriminos 83
Generating a tetrimino 89
Rotating a tetrimino 91
Tetris struct 95
Interacting with the game map 99
SDL events 102
Score, level, lines sent 110
Levels and lines sent 113
Highscores loading/overwriting 114
Summary 128
Chapter 4: Adding All Game Mechanisms
129
Getting started with game mechanisms 129
Rendering UI 129
Rendering initialization 130
Rendering 133
Playing with fonts 140
Install on OS X 141
Install on Linux 141
Other system/package manager 141
Loading font 142
Summary 147
Chapter 5: Creating a Music Player
148
Installing the prerequisite 148
Installing GTK+ on Linux 149
Installing GTK+ on Mac 149
Installing GTK+ on Windows 149
Creating your first window 149
Closure 152
Preventing the default behavior of an event 153
Creating a toolbar 153
Stock item 155
Improving the organization of the application 156
Adding tool button events 159
Lifetime 161
Ownership 165
Containers 166
[ iii ]
Table of Contents
Types of containers 166
The Box container 167
Adding a playlist 169
The MVC pattern 171
Opening MP3 files 175
Reference-counting pointer 176
ID3— MP3 metadata 177
Opening files with a file dialog 178
Deleting a song 180
Displaying the cover when playing a song 181
Summary 182
Chapter 6: Implementing the Engine of the Music Player
183
Installing the dependencies 184
Installing dependencies on Linux 184
Installing dependencies on Mac 184
Installing dependencies on Windows 184
Decoding MP3 files 185
Adding dependencies 185
Implementing an MP3 decoder 185
Getting the frame samples 189
Playing music 190
Event loop 191
Atomic reference counting 192
Mutual exclusion 193
Send trait 193
Sync trait 193
Lock-free data structures 193
Playing music 196
Mutex guard 198
RAII 198
Using the music player 200
Pausing and resuming the song 201
Interior mutability 202
Showing the progression of the song 209
Improving CPU usage 213
Condition variable 214
Showing the song's current time 216
Loading and saving the playlist 220
Saving a playlist 220
Loading a playlist 223
[ iv ]
