Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905-17: From enemies to allies

225 Pages·2011·1.354 MB·English

by  Peter Berton

ROUTLEDGE STUDIES IN THE MODERN HISTORY OF ASIA
Russo-Japanese Relations,
–
1905 1917
From enemies to allies
Peter Berton
–
Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905 1917
One surprising outcome of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 was that,
although Russia was humiliatingly defeated, by 1916 Russia and Japan had
become allies. This book provides a detailed analysis of how this remarkable
turnaround came about. It traces the evolution of relations between the two
powers through the conclusion of three public and secret agreements in 1907,
1910, and 1912, and the controversial secret alliance of 1916. The book argues
that careful examination of complete records of negotiations from both sides
definitively proves the case for Germany, not the United States, as the target of
thesecrettreaty.BasedonmeticulousexaminationofdocumentsinbothRussian
andJapaneseforeignpolicyarchives,itchartsdiplomaticdevelopments,explores
howJapaneseandRussianthinkingevolved,andassessesthewiderinternational
impactofthenewalliance.
Peter Berton is Distinguished Professor Emeritus, School of International
Relations,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA.Hispublicationsinclude:The
Japanese–RussianTerritorialDilemma:HistoricalBackground,Disputes,Issues,
Questions, Solution Scenarios; International Negotiation: Actors, Structure/
Process, Values; The Russo-Japanese Boundary: 1850–1875; and The Russian
ImpactonJapan:LiteratureandSocialThought.
Studies of the Harriman Institute
ColumbiaUniversity
TheHarrimanInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity,sponsorstheStudiesoftheHarrimanInstitute
inthebeliefthattheirpublicationcontributestoscholarlyresearchandpublicunderstanding.
InthiswaytheInstitute,whilenotnecessarilyendorsingtheirconclusions,ispleasedtomake
availabletheresultsofsomeoftheresearchconductedunderitsauspices.
Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute
ColumbiaUniversity
TheStudiesoftheWeatherheadEastAsianInstituteofColumbiaUniversitywereinaugurated
in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern
and contemporary East Asia.
RoutledgeStudiesintheModernHistoryofAsia
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DavidN.Wells 37. ColonialCambodia’s‘Bad
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24. TheInternmentofWesternCivilians
undertheJapanese,1941–1945 TheriseofFrenchruleandthelifeof
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38. Japanese–AmericanCivilianPrisoner
25. TheBritishEmpireandTibet
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26. NationalisminSoutheastAsia
Ifthepeoplearewithus 39. RegionalisminSoutheastAsia
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27. Women,WorkandtheJapanese 40. ChangingVisionsofEastAsia,
EconomicMiracle 1943–93
Thecaseofthecottontextileindustry, Transformationsandcontinuities
1945–1975 R.B.Smith(EditedbyChadJ.Mitcham)
HelenMacnaughtan 41. ChristianHereticsinLateImperial
28. AColonialEconomyinCrisis China
Burma’sricecultivatorsandtheworld Christianinculturationandstatecontrol,
depressionofthe1930s 1720–1850
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29. AVietnameseRoyalExileinJapan 42. Beijing–AConciseHistory
PrinceCuongDe(1882–1951) StephenG.Haw
TranMy-Van
43. TheImpactoftheRusso-JapaneseWar
30. CorruptionandGoodGovernancein EditedbyRotemKowner
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48. ForgottenCaptivesinJapanese- NicholasTarling
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inSoutheastAsia
Hack
Britain,theUnitedStatesandBurma,
49. JapaneseDiplomacyinthe1950s 1948–1962
Fromisolationtointegration MatthewFoley
EditedbyIokibeMakoto,
62. TheInternationalHistoryofEastAsia,
CarolineRose,TomaruJunko
1900–1968
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region
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64. AtrocityandAmericanMilitary
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65. TheJapaneseOccupationofBorneo,
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Thephantomsamurai Fromenemiestoallies
StewartLone PeterBerton
Russo-Japanese Relations,
–
1905 1917
From enemies to allies
Peter Berton
Thiseditionpublished2012
byRoutledge
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©2012PeterBerton
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Berton,Peter,1922-
Russo-Japaneserelations,1905-1917:fromenemiestoallies/PeterBerton.
p.cm.--(RoutledgestudiesinthemodernhistoryofAsia;72)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Russia--Foreignrelations--Japan.2.Japan--Foreignrelations--Russia.
3.Russia--Foreignrelations--1894-1917.4.Japan--Foreignrelations--1868-1912.
5.Japan--Foreignrelations--1912-1926.6.Russo-JapaneseWar,
1904-1905--Influence.I.Title.
DK68.7.J3B482012
327.4705209’041--dc23
2011020664
ISBN:978-0-415-59899-6(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-15759-6(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India
To my grandchildren,
Michael, Danielle, and Marshall

Contents
Preface x
Acknowledgments xii
Explanatorynotes xiv
Listofabbreviations xv
Listofappendices xix
1 Russo-Japaneserelations,1905–1914 1
2 EffortstoconcludealliancesattheoutbreakofWorldWarI 8
3 Russo-JapaneserelationsduringtheearlypartofWorldWarI 22
4 ThetorturousroadtoJapan’sdecisiononanalliancewithRussia 37
5 ConclusionoftheRusso-JapaneseAllianceof1916 53
6 The1916treaties,China,andthepowers 70
7 Fromenemiestoallies:summaryandconclusions 83
Notes 92
Appendices 129
Bibliography 171
Index 199