Russell & Rubinstein's Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System

1157 Pages·2006·92.763 MB·English

by  Roger E. McLendon, Marc K. Rosenblum, Darell D. Bigner (eds.)

Russell and Rubinstein’s Pathology of
Tumors of the Nervous System
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Russell and Rubinstein’s Pathology of
Tumors of the Nervous System
Seventh edition
Roger E. McLendon MD
Professor of Pathology, Director of Anatomic Pathology Services, Chief, Sections of Surgical Pathology and Neuropathology,
Dept of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Marc K. Rosenblum MD
Chairman of Department of Pathology, Chief of Neuropathology and Autopsy Service, James Ewing Alumni Chair of Pathology,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
Darell D. Bigner MD
Edwin L Jones Jr & Lucille Jones Cancer Research Professor of Pathology (Neuropathology), Vice Chairman for Investigative
Pathology, and Director, Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation Institute at Duke, Director, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor
Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Hodder Arnold
AMEMBER OF THE HODDER HEADLINE GROUP
This seventh edition published in 2006 by
Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education and
a member of the Hodder Headline Group,
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Distributed in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press Inc.,
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Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
Copyright in the Seventh Edition ©2006 Roger E. McLendon,
Marc K. Rosenblum, and Darell D. Bigner exclusive of material reused
from the Fifth Edition ©1989 Mary M. Herman and of material reused
from the Sixth Edition ©1998, Darell D. Bigner, and of the figures from
Chapter 56, Primary tumors of cranial, spinal and peripheral nerves ©
2006 James M. Woodruff.
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Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true
and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the
publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or
omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the
generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to
check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been
missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised
and new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly
urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before
administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.
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ISBN-10 [normal] 0 340 810 076
ISBN-13 978 0 340 810 076
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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“This edition is dedicated to the memories and lives’ work of Dorothy S. Russell and Lucien J. Rubinstein.”
Roger K. McLendon
Marc K. Rosenblum
Darell D. Bigner
May 1, 2006
Dorothy S Russell, 1895–1983
Lucien J Rubinstein, 1924–1990
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Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
List of abbreviations used xxi
1 Classification of tumors of the nervous system: an historical annotation 1
Roger E. McLendon and Paul Kleihues
2 Epidemiology of brain tumors: incidence, survival, and risk factors 11
Faith G. Davis and Bridget McCarthy
3 Nervous system tumors and atomic bomb experience of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 51
Kazunori Arita, Kaoru Kurisu and Kazuhiko Sugiyama
4 Diffuse astrocytoma 57
Roger E. McLendon, Linda Gray, Lubdha Shah, and Allan H. Friedman
5 Anaplastic astrocytoma 75
Roger E. McLendon, James M. Provenzale, and Allan H. Friedman
6 Astrocytoma of the brainstem 89
Roger E. McLendon, James M. Provenzale, and Allan H. Friedman
7 Astrocytoma of the spinal cord 97
Roger E. McLendon, James M. Provenzale, and Allan H. Friedman
8 Glioblastoma 103
Roger E. McLendon, Allan H. Friedman, and Linda Gray
9 Pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma 131
Thomas J. Cummings
10 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 147
Roger E. McLendon, Linda Gray, Lubdha M. Shah, and Allan H. Friedman
11 Astroblastoma 157
Marc K. Rosenblum
12 Oligodendroglioma 167
Roger E. McLendon, Johan M. Kros, Janet Bruner, and Linda Gray
13 Anaplastic oligodendroglioma and mixed glioma 187
Roger E. McLendon, Johan M. Kros, Linda Gray, and Janet Bruner
14 Ependymoma, subependymoma, and myxopapillary ependymoma 201
Ho Keung Ng
15 Monomorphous angiocentric glioma/angiocentric neuroepithelial tumor 223
Marc K. Rosenblum
vii
viii Contents
16 Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle 229
Daniel J. Brat
17 Choroid plexus tumor 235
Ho Keung Ng and Werner Paulus
18 Medulloblastoma 247
David W. Ellison, Steven C. Clifford, and Felice Giangaspero
19 Cerebellar liponeurocytoma 265
Giovanna Cenacchi and Felice Giangaspero
20 Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor 271
Marco Gessi and Felice Giangaspero
21 Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy 277
Edward Bossen
22 Olfactory neuroblastoma 281
Edward Bossen
23 Medulloepithelioma 287
Felice Giangaspero
24 Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor: neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, malignant
neuroblastic-glial tumor and ependymoblastoma 291
Roger E. McLendon and Linda Gray
25 Ganglion cell tumors: gangliocytoma, ganglioglioma and anaplastic ganglioglioma 305
Richard A. Prayson
26 Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma 321
Marc K. Rosenblum
27 Extraventricular neurocytomas and unconventional glioneuronal tumors 333
Marc K. Rosenblum
28 Central neurocytoma 351
Marc K. Rosenblum
29 Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor 367
Marc K. Rosenblum
30 Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte–Duclos disease) 379
Marc K. Rosenblum and Anthony T. Yachnis
31 Hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma 391
Marc K. Rosenblum
32 Paragangliomaof the spine and skull base 401
Hernando Mena
33 Tumors of pineal parenchymal and glial cells 413
Anne Jouvet, François Fauchon, Eric Bouffet, Ghislaine Saint-Pierre, Jacques Champier, and Michelle Fèvre Montange
34 Meningiomas 427
Arie Perry
35 Solitary fibrous tumors 475
Arie Perry
36 Primary meningeal sarcoma 479
Arie Perry
37 Hemangiopericytoma 483
Edward Bossen
Contents ix
38 Capillary hemangioblastoma 489
Anthony T. Yachnis
39 Cerebral sarcoma 509
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
40 Rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma 521
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
41 Angiosarcoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma 529
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
42 Hemangioendothelioma 535
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
43 Meningeal melanocytoma, neurocutaneous melanosis and primary meningeal melanoma 541
Daniel J. Brat
44 Germ cell tumors 551
Marc K. Rosenblum
45 Totipotential cells of the distal spinal cord 579
Thomas J. Cummings and Timothy M. George
46 Dermoid cyst, epidermoid cyst, and dermal sinus 583
Gregory N. Fuller and Teresa Ribalta
47 Intracranial cysts of endodermal or respiratory epithelial origin 591
Hidehiro Takei, Gregory N. Fuller, and Suzanne Z. Powell
48 Lipomas and rare lipomatous tumors 599
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
49 Arachnoid cyst 607
Teresa Ribalta and Gregory N. Fuller
50 Neuroepithelial cysts of the IV ventricle and extraventricular ependymal cysts 611
Teresa Ribalta and Gregory N. Fuller
51 Ectopias and hamartomas 613
Roger E. McLendon and Thomas J. Cummings
52 Tumors of the retina 623
Thomas J. Cummings and Gordon K. Klintworth
53 Gliomas of the optic nerve and chiasm 651
Thomas J. Cummings and Gordon K. Klintworth
54 Neoplasms of the sellar region 663
M. Beatriz S. Lopes, Kamal Thapar, Eva Horvath and Kalman Kovacs
55 Chordoma and related lesions, chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma of the cranium 765
Andrew E. Rosenberg
56 Primary tumors of cranial, spinal and peripheral nerves 787
Cristina R. Antonescu and James M. Woodruff
57 Nervous system involvement by lymphoma, leukemia, and other hematopoietic cell proliferations 837
Susan Morgello and Anand S. Lagoo
58 Neurofibromatosis type 1 903
David H. Gutmann and Arie Perry
59 Neurofibromatosis type 2 917
Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Fabio Nunes, and James Gusella