Rural Transformations and Development- China in Context: The Everyday Lives of Policies and People

409 Pages·2010·2.05 MB·English

by  Norman Long, Ye Jingzhong, Wang Yihuan

Rural Transformations and Development –
China in Context
Rural Transformations
and Development –
China in Context
The Everyday Lives of Policies and People
Edited by
Norman Long
Professor Emeritus, Wageningen University, The Netherlands,
Adjunct Professor, China Agricultural University, Beijing and
Honorary Fellow, White Rose East Asia Centre, University of
Leeds, UK
Ye Jingzhong
Professor of Development Studies and Deputy Dean, College
of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural
University, Beijing
Wang Yihuan
Professor of Development Studies, College of Humanities and
Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Edward Elgar
Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA
© Norman Long, Ye Jingzhong and Wang Yihuan 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior
permission of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941267
ISBN 978 1 84980 093 8
Printed and bound by MPG Books Group, UK
02
Contents
List of f gures vi
List of tables and boxes vi
List of contributors ix
Preface and acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
Norman Long
PART I A GRARIAN DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE
IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
1 H istories of development, predicaments of modernity:
thinking about globalization from some critical development
studies perspectives 25
Arturo Escobar
2 Peasants, territorial cooperatives and the agrarian question 54
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg
3 Rural livelihoods and agrarian change: bringing class back in 79
Henry Bernstein
4 V alue, gender and capital: frameworks of calculation in
micro-f nancial practices 110
Magdalena Villarreal
PART II E NCOUNTERING THE STATE: PEASANT
LIVELIHOOD ISSUES
5 B uilding livelihoods: how Chinese peasants deal with state
regulation of opportunity and risk 133
Flemming Christiansen
6 L and to the tiller: the complexities of land ownership and use
in a north China village 152
Zhao Xudong
v
vi Contents
PART III U RBANIZATION OF THE COUNTRYSIDE
AND MIGRATION DILEMMAS
7 U rbanization, decentralization and the reorganization of
rural life 171
Bryan Roberts
8 R ural urbanization in Phoenix Village: revisiting a village in
Guangdong Province 191
Zhou Daming with Huang Xueliang
9 G rowing up and growing old in rural Mexico and China:
care-g iving for the young and the elderly at the family–state
interface 215
Gail Mummert
10 R ural–urban migration and the plight of ‘left-b ehind
children’ in mid-w est China 253
Ye Jingzhong, Wang Yihuan and Zhang Keyun
PART IV POLITICS OF POLICY AND PARTICIPATION
11 State policy intervention in an era of civic participation 279
Alberto Arce
12 S talemate of participation: participatory village development
planning for poverty alleviation in China 312
Li Xiaoyun and Liu Xiaoqian
13 H ow local politics shape intervention practices in the
Xiaolongshan forest region of Gansu, NW China 327
Liu Jinlong
14 ‘ Accountability’ in contemporary rural China: Yu Lu
Village case study 357
Solange Guo Chatelard
Index 387
Figures
2.1 An overview of the hedgerow landscape 58
2.2 D istribution of nitrogen surpluses among VEL/VANLA
member farms 59
2.3 The outline of the new plan 60
2.4 The cattle–manure–soil–fodder balance 65
2.5 A web of interconnected novelties 67
2.6 The contours of the agrarian question 68
2.7 Ways out of the current agricultural crisis 71
8.1 A n old street in Phoenix Village, typical of Districts A
and B 200
8.2 N ew houses along the hillside of Tang Valley, typical of
Districts C and D 201
9.1 Intergenerational reciprocity in the circle of life 229
13.1 Local political organization 331
14.1 Renovating the houses by the main road 365
14.2 L atest prototype of a lavish ‘Tujia’ type house in Yu Lu
vilage 365
14.3a Old kitchen in a home built in the 1970s 366
14.3b N ew kitchen, built with the subsidies from the
‘Construction of a New Countryside’ policy funds 366
14.4a W orkers building the ‘car park’ outside the new
administrative building 378
14.4b O nce the f at surface was completed it was transformed
into a basketball court 379
v ii
Tables and boxes
TABLES
1.1 Development theories according to their ‘root paradigms’ 30
3.1 T he four key questions of political economy in relation to the
seven ‘coordinates’ of agrarian production 81
5.1 S chematic relationships between various strategies
inf uencing risk and gain 137
7.1 R ates of urbanization and population growth, 1970–2000,
Latin American and Asian countries 172
9.1 C ase studies of children from the study village in
long-d istance child-r earing arrangements 227
9.2 Characteristics of pensioners in study village 231
10.1 Who takes care of ‘left-b ehind children’? 267
12.1 A ctual participation of the poor in village poverty
alleviation planning in XX village 317
12.2 D if erence between government and farmer priorities in
eight villages of four provinces of China 324
BOX
2.1 C ommonly shared values specif ed by the NFW in its
‘mission statement’ 62
v iii
Contributors
Alberto Arce, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Henry Bernstein, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of
London, UK and China Agricultural University, Beijing
Solange Guo Chatelard, Sciences Po, Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris,
France
Flemming Christiansen, University of Leeds, UK
Arturo Escobar, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
Huang Xueliang, Sun Yat-S en University, Guangzhou, China
Li Xiaoyun, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Liu Jinlong, Renmin University of China, Beijing
Liu Xiaoqian, London School of Economics, UK
Norman Long, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, China
Agricultural University, Beijing and University of Leeds, UK
Gail Mummert, El Colegio de Michoacán, México
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and
China Agricultural University, Beijing
Bryan Roberts, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Magdalena Villarreal, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en
Antropología Social de Occidente, México
Wang Yihuan, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Ye Jingzhong, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Zhang Keyun, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Zhao Xudong, China Agricultural University, Beijing
Zhou Daming, Sun Yat-S en University, Guangzhou, China
i x