Royal police ordinances in early modern Sweden: the emergence of voluntaristic understanding of law

249 Pages·2014·2.129 MB·English

by  Kotkas, Toomas

Royal Police Ordinances in Early Modern Sweden
The Northern World
North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D.
Peoples, Economics and Cultures
Editors
David Kirby (London)
Jón Viðar Sigurðsson (Oslo)
Ingvild Øye (Bergen)
Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside)
Steve Murdoch (St. Andrews)
VOLUME 64
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nw
Royal Police Ordinances
in Early Modern Sweden
The Emergence of Voluntaristic
Understanding of Law
By
Toomas Kotkas
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2014
Cover illustration: Carl Johan Ljunggren (1790–1852), En länsman uppläsande en kungörelse för en
samling människor [A Police Officer Reading an Edict for a Group of People], watercolour from
1819. Collections of Uppsala University Library, Sweden.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kotkas, Toomas.
 Royal police ordinances in early modern Sweden : the emergence of voluntaristic
understanding of law / by Toomas Kotkas.
  pages cm. — (The northern world : North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D. peoples,
economies and cultures; ISSN 1569-1462 ; v. 64)
 Includes index.
 ISBN 978-90-04-25894-5 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25895-2 (e-book)
1. Police—Sweden—History. I. Title.
 KKV3007.K68 2013
 344.48505’20903—dc23
2013029078
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ISSN 1569-1462
ISBN 978-90-04-25894-5 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-25895-2 (e-book)
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To Kaarlo, Kersti and Iines

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements  ........................................................................................ xi
Abbreviations  ................................................................................................... xiii
I Introduction  ............................................................................................ 1
Research on Early Modern Police  ..................................................... 1
Aims and Objectives of the Study  .................................................... 8
Research Material and Method  ......................................................... 12
II Legislative Theory and Police in Early Modern Sweden  ........... 21
Development in Germany and France  ............................................ 21
Sweden and European Examples  ...................................................... 26
Konungastyrelsen  .............................................................................. 26
Peder Månsson’s Barnabok  ............................................................ 29
Johan Skytte’s Een kort Vnderwijsning  ........................................ 31
III Royal Police Ordinances between 1523 and 1611: Enforcement
 of Medieval Law  ................................................................................ 35
Swedish Society during the Sixteenth Century  ............................ 35
Fields of Regulation  .............................................................................. 40
Societal and Social Order, Religion  ............................................. 40
Public Safety and Order  .................................................................. 48
Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling,
 Culture  ............................................................................................ 55
Economic System and Professions  .............................................. 59
Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and
 Public Institutions  ....................................................................... 68
Justification of Ordinances  ................................................................. 71
Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its
 Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’  ................................................. 71
Religious Arguments: ‘The Wrath of God’  ................................. 75
Logic of Ordinances  .............................................................................. 79
Impetus for Issuing Ordinances  ................................................... 79
Addressees  .......................................................................................... 82
Recurrence of Ordinances  .............................................................. 84
Police Ordinances and Medieval Law  ........................................ 86
Summary ................................................................................................... 91
viii contents
IV Royal Police Ordinances between 1612 and 1718: Making of
 New Law  .............................................................................................. 95
Swedish Society during the Seventeenth Century  ....................... 95
Fields of Regulation  .............................................................................. 99
Societal and Social Order, Religion  ............................................. 100
Public Safety and Order  .................................................................. 114
Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling,
 Culture  ............................................................................................ 124
Economic System and Professions  .............................................. 131
Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public
 Institutions  ..................................................................................... 150
Justification of Ordinances  ................................................................. 155
Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its
 Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’  ................................................. 155
Religious Arguments: ‘God’s Blessing’  ........................................ 161
Legal Arguments: Other Legal Sources and Foreign Law  .... 164
Economic Arguments: ‘Flux of Commerce’  .............................. 167
Logic of Ordinances  .............................................................................. 174
Impetus for Issuing Ordinances and Addressees  .................... 174
Police Ordinances and Medieval Law  ........................................ 176
New Rhetoric: ‘Intentions’ and ‘Effects’  ..................................... 181
Summary ................................................................................................... 184
V Scientification of Police: The End of the Broad Conception
 of Police  ............................................................................................... 189
Police Science in Germany  ................................................................. 189
Antecedents of Police Science in Sweden  ..................................... 191
Laurentius Petri’s Œconomia Christiana  .................................... 192
Per Brahe’s Oeconomia  .................................................................... 194
Schering Rosenhane’s Oeconomia  ................................................ 196
Anders Bachmanson’s Arcana Oeconomiæ et Commercii  ..... 197
Swedish Eighteenth-Century Treatises on Police Science  ........ 199
Nicolas Delamare’s Traité de la Police as a source of
 inspiration  ...................................................................................... 199
Christian König’s Lagfarenheten i Politie-mål  ........................... 201
Anders Berch’s Inledning till Almänna Hushålningen  ........... 204
Summary ................................................................................................... 206
contents ix
VI Conclusions  ............................................................................................. 209
Sources and Literature  .................................................................................. 221
Index of Names and Subjects  ...................................................................... 231