Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization

719 Pages·2014·2.53 MB·English

by  Larbi Sadiki (ed.)

Routledge Handbook of
the Arab Spring
The self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi in Tunisia in December 2010 heralded
the arrival of the ‘Arab Spring,’ a startling, yet not unprecedented, era of profound
social and political upheaval.
The meme of the Arab Spring is characterized by bottom-up change, or the lack
thereof, and its effects are still unfurling today. The Routledge Handbook of the Arab
Spring seeks to provide a departure point forongoing discussion of a fluid phenomenon
on a plethora of topics, including:
(cid:1) contexts and contests of democratization;
(cid:1) the sweep of the Arab Spring;
(cid:1) Egypt;
(cid:1) women and the Arab Spring;
(cid:1) agents of change and the technology of protest;
(cid:1) the impact of the Arab Spring in the wider Middle East and further afield.
Collating awide arrayof viewpoints, specialisms, biases, and degrees of proximity and
distance from events that shook the Arab world to its core, the Handbook is written
with the reader in mind to provide students, practitioners, diplomats, policy-makers
and lay readers with contextualization and knowledge, and to set the stage for further
discussion of the Arab Spring.
Larbi Sadiki is an Associate Professor (Arab Democratization, Political Science) in the
Department of International Affairs, Qatar University.
This page intentionally left blank
Routledge Handbook of
the Arab Spring
Rethinking Democratization
Edited by
Larbi Sadiki
Routledge RRoouuttleleddggee
RoutledgReoutledge
Firstpublished2015
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2015LarbiSadiki,editorialandselectionmatter;individualchapters,the
contributors
Therightoftheeditortobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorialmaterial,andofthe
authorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewithsections77
and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilizedin
anyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafter
invented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor
retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto
infringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
RoutledgehandbookoftheArabSpring:rethinkingdemocratization/editedby
LarbiSadiki.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.ArabSpring,2010-2.Revolutions–Arabcountries–History–21stcentury.
3.Democratization–Arabcountries–History–21stcentury.I.Sadiki,Larbi.
JQ1850.A91.R682014
909’.097492708312–dc23
2014023254
ISBN:978-0-415-52391-2(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-76302-6(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
To all Qatar University students, past and present…
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
List of Figures xii
List of Contributors xiii
Chronology xxiii
Malath Al-Agha
Glossary xxix
Preface: The Meme of the Arab Spring xxxii
Larbi Sadiki
1 Unruliness through Space and Time: Reconstructing
‘Peoplehood’ in the Arab Spring 1
Larbi Sadiki
PARTI
Introducing the Arab Spring: Reflections on Contexts
and Contests of Democratization 15
2 On the ‘Arab Spring’: Democratization and Related
Political Seasons 17
Laurence Whitehead
3 Arab Politics after the Uprisings: Still Searching
for Legitimacy 28
Michael C. Hudson
4 Towards a Historical Sociology of the Arab Uprising:
Beyond Democratization and Post-Democratization 39
Raymond Hinnebusch
5 The Arab Spring: Why in Some Arab Countries and
Not in Others? 51
Mustapha Kamel Al-Sayyid
vii
Contents
PARTII
The ‘Travel’ of Revolution: From Tunis to Sanaa 63
6 InterpretingtheTunisianRevolution:BeyondBou’azizi 65
Amor Boubakri
7 TheRootsoftheTunisianRevolution:ElementsofaPoliticalSociology 77
Sami Zemni
8 Tunisia’s Revolution and the Domestic–International Nexus 89
Corinna Mullin
9 Libya’s Arab Spring: Revolution against a 42-Year Dictatorship 105
Anas Abubakr Buera
10 Libya’s Islamists and the 17 February Revolution: A Battle for
a Revolutionary Theology 118
Anas El Gomati
11 The Uprising in Bahrain: Regional Dimensions and International
Consequences 133
Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
12 The Arab Spring Comes to Syria: Internal Mobilization for
Democratic Change, Militarization and Internationalization 145
Obaida Fares
13 Yemen’s Arab Spring: Outsmarting the Cunning State? 160
Elham Manea
14 A Process of Perpetual ‘Uncovering’: The Syrian Thawrah in
Its Fourth Year 173
Layla Saleh
15 Pro-Regime versus Oppositional Media: During the Revolution,
2011–2013 187
Obaida Fares
PARTIII
Egypt in the Arab Spring: Islam, the State and the Military 197
16 The Egyptian Revolution: Causes and Dynamics 199
Shafeeq Ghabra
viii
Contents
17 Making the Crisis Visible: A Reassessment of the Parliament in
the Mubarak Regime 215
Irene Weipert-Fenner
18 The ‘Anguish’ of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt 227
Khalil al-Anani
19 Contemporary Islamist Discourses on the State in Egypt:
Before and After the Arab Spring 240
Mohammed Moussa
20 Failure of a Revolution: The Military, Secular Intelligentsia
and Religion in Egypt’s Pseudo-Secular State 253
Khaled Abou El Fadl
PARTIV
Women’s Voices in the Arab Spring 271
21 Syria’s ‘Arab Spring’: Women and the Struggle to Live in Truth 273
Tamara Al-Om
22 Tunisia’s Women: Partners in Revolution 285
Andrea Khalil
PARTV
Arab Spring: Breakdown of the Old Social Compact 301
23 Breakdown of the Authoritarian ‘Social Contract’ and Emergence
of New Social Actors: An Ongoing Process? 303
Lahcen Achy
24 The Tunisian Revolution: Narratives of the Tunisian
General Labour Union 319
Hèla Yousfi
25 RevolutionaryContagion:SocialMovementsaroundtheMediterranean 331
Gianluca Solera
PARTVI
Uprisings: The Technology of Protest 341
26 A Public Sphere Revolution? Social Mediaversus
Authoritarian Regimes 343
Armando Salvatore
ix