Table Of ContentROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN HISTORY
The study of the history of Southeast Asia is still growing, evolving, deepening, and changing
as an academic fi eld. Over the past few decades historians have added nuance to traditional
topics such as Islam and nationalism, and created new ones, such as gender, globalization, and
the politics of memory. The Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian History looks at the major
themes that have developed in the study of modern Southeast Asian history since the mid-
eighteenth century.
Contributions by experts in the fi eld are clustered under three major headings – political
history, economic history, and social and cultural history – and chapters challenge the bound-
aries between topics and regions. Alongside the rise and fall of colonialism, topics include
confl ict in Southeast Asia, tropical ecology, capitalism and its discontents, the major religions
of the region, gender, and ethnicity.
The handbook provides a stimulating introduction to the most important themes within
the subject area, and is an invaluable reference work for any student and researcher on
Southeast Asia and Asian and World history.
Norman G. Owen is an Honorary Professor of the University of Hong Kong. His previous
publications include P rosperity without Progress: Manila Hemp and Material Life in the Colonial
Philippines (1984) and The Bikol Blend (1999), and he edited The Emergence of Modern Southeast
Asia: A New History (2005).
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ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK
OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN
HISTORY
Edited by Norman G. Owen
First published 2014
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2014 Norman G. Owen
The right of the editor to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Routledge handbook of Southeast Asian history/edited by Norman G. Owen.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Southeast Asia—History. I. Owen, Norman G., editor of compilation.
DS525.R68 2013
959—dc23 2 012050803
ISBN: 978–0–415–58725–9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978–0–203–76311–7 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk
CONTENTS
Figures and tables viii
Notes on contributors ix
Acknowledgments xii
1 Introduction: in search of Southeast Asian history 1
Norman G. Owen
PART I
Political history 13
2 Resources, rituals, and realms: the premodern polities 15
John K. Whitmore
3 The colonial intrusion: boundaries and structures 25
Remco Raben
4 Gradations of colonialism in Southeast Asia’s “in- between” places 36
Thongchai Winichakul and Eric Tagliacozzo
5 Colonizing minds and bodies: schooling in colonial
Southeast Asia 46
Peter Zinoman
6 Nationalism and other impulses of the colonial era 55
Norman G. Owen
7 Southeast Asia from the Japanese Occupation to Independence 65
Paul H. Kratoska
v
Contents
8 Nationalism and post-c olonial identity in Southeast Asia:
defi ning communities 75
Maitrii Aung-Thwin
9 The Cold War in Southeast Asia 86
Sophie Quinn-Judge
10 War and peace between nations since 1945 96
Stein Tønnesson
11 Separatism, civil war, and genocide: confl icts
within nations 108
John Roosa
12 Authoritarianism and democracy 119
Eva-Lotta E. Hedman
PART II
Economic history 131
13 Population growth and environmental change: a
two-t rack model 133
Peter Boomgaard
14 Nature, culture, and the premodern economy of
Southeast Asia 144
Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells
15 Colonial capitalism and economic transformation 155
Ian Brown
16 Migrant labor and welfare in Southeast Asia 165
Amarjit Kaur
17 Contemporary capitalism and the rise of the “tigers” 177
Anne Booth
18 Socialism and underdevelopment in Southeast Asia 188
Tuong Vu
19 Globalization and its discontents in Southeast Asia 199
Gerry van Klinken
vi
Contents
PART III
Social and cultural history 211
20 Islam in modern Southeast Asian history 213
Muhamad Ali
21 Modern Buddhism in Southeast Asia 224
Anne Ruth Hansen
22 Christianity in modern Southeast Asia 235
Barbara Watson Andaya
23 Gender and sexuality in Southeast Asian history 246
Raquel A.G. Reyes
24 Finding women in Southeast Asian history 257
Jean Gelman Taylor
25 Ethnicity in pre-c olonial and colonial Southeast Asia 267
Leonard Y. Andaya
26 Ethnicity in post- colonial Southeast Asia 278
Sunil Amrith
27 Chinese economic predominance in Southeast Asia: a long-t erm
perspective 289
Kwee Hui Kian
28 Performance in Southeast Asian history 300
Tony Day and Sarah Weiss
29 Constructing Southeast Asian pasts: a new retrospective 310
Patricia Pelley
Glossary 320
Index 325
vii
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
Frontispiece Nineteenth- century German map of Southeast Asia ii
10.1 B attle deaths in Indochina, and rest of Southeast Asia,
1946–2008 96
10.2 Battle deaths in Southeast Asia, except Indochina (between and
within nations), 1946–2008 97
10.3 Confl ict fatalities in Southeast Asia, 1989–2011 106
16.1 E mployment in the tin mining sector in Malaya by racial group,
1911–50 170
16.2 Indian labor migration to Malaya by recruitment system and free
voluntary migration, 1844–1938 172
16.3 Racial composition of FMS estate labor force (Malaya), 1907–38 173
Tables
16.1 S outheast Asia: increase in per capita GDP, 1870–1938 166
17.1 Per capita GDP in various Asian Countries, 1960–2007 179
17.2 P ercentage breakdown of the total increase in exports and
imports from developing Asia from 1997 to 2007 185
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
The editorial board
Barbara Watson Andaya, University of Hawai’i , USA
Peter Boomgaard, University of Amsterdam and KITLV, the Netherlands
Ian Brown, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK
Robert Elson, University of Queensland , Australia
Robert H. Taylor, U niversity of London and University of Buckingham
Thongchai Winichakul, U niversity of Wisconsin-Madison, US
Wang Gungwu, National University of Singapore and Australian National University
Muhamad Ali , Assistant Professor in Islamic Studies at the University of California, Riverside, gradu-
ated from the State Islamic University (Indonesia), the University of Edinburgh, and the University of
Hawai’i. His publications include M ulticultural-Pluralist Theology (2003) and Bridging Islam and the West:
an Indonesian view (2009), as well as numerous journal articles.
Sunil Amrith is Senior Lecturer in History at Birkbeck College, University of London. He is the
author of D ecolonizing International Health: India and Southeast Asia (2006), and Migration and Diaspora in
Modern Asia (2011). He is currently writing a history of the Bay of Bengal as a regional arena.
Barbara Watson Andaya is Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Hawai’i, specializing in
Southeast Asian history. A recent publication is The Flaming Womb: repositioning women in Southeast Asian
history, 1500–1800 (2006). Her current project is a history of Christian localization in Southeast Asia,
1500–1900.
Leonard Y. Andaya is Professor of Southeast Asian History at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa.
His most recent publication is L eaves of the Same Tree: trade and ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka (2008). His
current research is on the history of eastern Indonesia in the early modern period.
Maitrii Aung-Thwin is Associate Professor of Myanmar/Southeast Asian History at the National
University of Singapore, author of The Return of the Galon King: history, law, and rebellion in colonial Burma
(2011), and co- author of A New History of Southeast Asia (2010) and A History of Myanmar Since Ancient
Times (2012).
Peter Boomgaard is Professor, University of Amsterdam; Senior Researcher, KITLV, Leiden; Fellow,
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