Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West

575 Pages·2022·16.205 MB·English

by  Roberto Tottoli (editor)

Routledge Handbook of Islam
in the West
With new topics and contributions, this updated second edition discusses the history and
contemporary presence of Islam in Europe and America. The book debates the relevance and
multifaceted participation of Muslims in the dynamics of Western societies, challenging the
changing perception on both sides.
Collating over 30 chapters, written by experts from around the world, the volume presents
a wide range of perspectives. Case studies from the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula
between the Middle Ages and the modern age set off the Handbook, along with an outline
of Muslims in America up to the twentieth century. The second part covers concepts around
new conditions in terms of consolidating identities, the emergence of new Muslim actors, the
appearance of institutions and institutional attitudes, the effects of Islamic presence on the arts
and landscapes of the West, and the relational dynamics like ethics and gender.
Exploring the influence of Islam, particularly its impact on society, culture and politics, this
interdisciplinary volume is a key resource for policymakers, academics and students interested
in the history of Islam, religion and the contemporary relationship between Islam and the West.
Roberto Tottoli is a professor of Islamic studies at the Università di Napoli L’Orientale, Italy.
His fields of interest are early Islamic traditions and literature and the Qur’an in European
history. His recent publications include Islam: An Advanced Introduction (Routledge, 2021).

Routledge Handbook of
Islam in the West
Second Edition
Edited by Roberto Tottoli
Cover image: Muslim Girl, © Getty Images
Second edition published 2022
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2022 selection and editorial matter, Roberto Tottoli; individual
chapters, the contributors
The right of Roberto Tottoli to be identified as the author of the
editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has
been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Routledge 2014
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-0-367-21178-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-15471-8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-26586-0 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9780429265860
Typeset in Bembo
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
List of Contributors x
Introduction: Historical legacies and contemporary issues for a global umma 1
Roberto Tottoli
PART I
History 19
1.1
Medieval steps 21
1 Al-Andalus and the West 23
Alejandro García-Sanjuán
2 Muslims in medieval Sicily and southern Italy 36
Richard Engl and Theresa Jäckh
1.2
Towards a modern and contemporary age 55
3 The converted Muslims of Spain: Morisco cultural resistance and
engagement with Islamic knowledge (1502–1610) 57
Mercedes García-Arenal
4 The Muslims in South-Eastern Europe: From Ottoman subjects to
European citizens 73
Nathalie Clayer
5 Muslims in Christian-ruled Europe, fifteenth to nineteenth century 89
David Do Paço
vv
Contents
6 Islam in America: the beginnings 105
Kambiz GhaneaBassiri
1.3
The 20th century 119
7 Transformations in “Muslim” claims and collective mobilization efforts
in Western Europe 121
Brigitte Maréchal and Ghaliya Djelloul
8 Black Muslims 137
Herbert Berg
9 Muslim American community organizations from the civil rights era to
the early twenty-first century 151
Kathleen Moore
10 Islam in Mexico and Central America 167
Mark Lindley-Highfield of Ballumbie Castle
11 Islam and Muslims in South America 184
Paulo G. Pinto
PART II
Culture 197
2.1
Identity/Identities 199
12 Emergence of Western Muslim identity: Factors, agents and discourses 201
Adis Duderija
13 Islam in diaspora: the Australian case 217
Halim Rane
14 The multicultural idea and Western Muslims 231
Anna Triandafyllidou
15 Islamic sectarianism in the West 247
Liyakat Takim
vi
Contents
2.2
New Muslim actors 259
16 Sufi Western Islam: the Muslim Latin American landscape 261
Silvia Montenegro
17 Western Salafism: Socialization, politicization and globalization 273
Mohamed-Ali Adraoui
18 Conversion to Islam in modern Western Europe and
the United States 287
Patrick D. Bowen
19 Islamic knowledge in Europe: Where does it come from?
Transformation as a structural condition 301
Stefano Allievi
20 Islam, universal Sufism, counterculture movements and traditional
Sufi networks 314
Francesco Alfonso Leccese
2.3
Institutions 329
21 Shari‘a Courts and Councils in the West 331
Ashleigh Barbe-Winter and Adam Possamai
22 The European Council for Fatwa and Research: Ideology,
methodology and impact 343
Uriya Shavit
23 The American ‘ulama’ and the public sphere 357
Timur Yuskaev and Harvey Stark
24 Islamic education in the West 374
Jenny Berglund
25 The political integration of Muslims in Western politics 389
Eren Tatari and Nicole Dunn
vii
Contents
2.4
Landscapes and arts 405
26 Muslim art and architecture in the West 407
Eric R. Roose
27 Muslims and popular culture in the United States 422
Hussein Rashid
28 A new Muslim youth culture 435
Pam Nilan
29 Muslim material culture: Western perspectives and global markets 448
Johan Fischer
2.5
Dynamics and relations 461
30 Western Islamophobia: The origins of a concept 463
Sindre Bangstad
31 Ethical questions in Western Islamic experience 476
Francesca Forte
32 Gender, feminism and critique in American Muslim thought 494
Juliane Hammer and Micah A. Hughes
33 Development and perspectives of Islamic economics in the West:
Banking and finance 514
Gian Maria Piccinelli
Index 531
viii
Figures and Tables
Figures
25.1 I mmigration and minority leader is action/reaction, causes rise in right-wing.
Perceived weak economy creates a perceived threat 392
25.2 F inns Party and Sweden Democrats 395
25.3 A ssaults on Muslims in the US 397
Tables
9.1 Advocacy organizations registered as lobbyists listed by Pew Forum
on Religion and Public Life (updated 15 May 2012) 161
9.2 Nonprofit organizations by and for American Muslim women 162
14.1 M uslim populations in Europe and North America 234
24.1 P ublicly funded Islamic religious education 381
ix