Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West

493 Pages·2014·2.72 MB·English

by  Roberto Tottoli

Routledge Handbook of Islam
in the West
Islam has long been a part of the West in terms of religion, culture, politics and society.
Discussing this interaction from al-Andalus to the present, this Handbook explores the influence
Islam has had, and continues to exert; particularly its impact on host societies, culture and
politics.
Highlighting specific themes and topics in history and culture, chapters cover:
(cid:1) European paradigms
(cid:1) Muslims in the Americas
(cid:1) Cultural interactions
(cid:1) Islamic cultural contributions to the Western world
(cid:1) Western contributions to Islam
Providingasoundhistoricalbackground,fromwhichanuancedoverviewofIslamandWestern
societycanbebuilt,theRoutledgeHandbookofIslamintheWestbringstotheforespecificthemes
and topics that have generated both reciprocal influence and conflict.
Presenting readers with a range of perspectives from scholars based in Europe, the USA and
the Middle East, this Handbook challenges perceptions on both Western and Muslim sides and
willbeaninvaluableresourceforpolicy-makersandacademicswithaninterestinthehistoryof
Islam, religion and the contemporary relationship between Islam and the West.
Roberto Tottoli teaches Islamic studies at the University of Naples L’Orientale, where he is
currently director of the Department of Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. He has published
studiesonthebiblicaltraditionintheQur’anandIslam(BiblicalProphetsintheQur’anandMuslim
Literature, Richmond, 2002; The Stories of the Prophets of Ibn Mutarrif al-Tarafi, Berlin, 2003) and
the medieval Islamic literature. He also dealt with the aspects and dynamics of contemporary
Islam, editing the volume Le Religioni e il mondo moderno. III. Islam (Torino, 2009).
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Routledge Handbook of
Islam in the West
Edited by
Roberto Tottoli
Firstpublished2015
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2015RobertoTottoli
Therightoftheeditortobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorialmaterial,andofthe
authorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78
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areusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
RoutledgehandbookofIslamintheWest/editedbyRobertoTottoli.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Muslims–Non-Muslimcountries.2.EastandWest.3.Civilization,Western–Islamic
influences.4.Islam–History.I.Tottoli,Roberto.
BP52.5.R682014
297.09182’1–dc23
2013043513
ISBN:978-0-415-69132-1(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-79427-3(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
List of figures and tables viii
List of contributors ix
Introduction: Islam in the West: histories and contemporary issues of
the Western umma 1
Roberto Tottoli
PART1
History 17
Part 1.1: European paradigms 19
1 The borders of Muslim Spain 21
Alessandro Vanoli
2 The converted Muslims of Spain: Morisco cultural resistance and engagement
with Islamic knowledge (1502–1610) 38
Mercedes García-Arenal
3 Muslims and Islam in Sicily from the mid-eleventh to the end of
the twelfth century: contemporary perceptions and today’s
interpretations 55
Annliese Nef
4 The Muslims in southeastern Europe: from Ottoman subjects to
European citizens 70
Nathalie Clayer
v
Contents
5 Muslims in Western Europe in the late twentieth century: emergence
and transformations in “Muslim” revindications and collective
mobilization efforts 85
Ghaliya Djelloul and Brigitte Maréchal
Part 1.2: Muslims in the Americas 107
6 Islam in America: the beginnings 109
Kambiz GhaneaBassiri
7 Black Muslims 123
Herbert Berg
8 American Muslim associational life from 1950 to the present 137
Kathleen Moore
9 Islam in Mexico and Central America 154
Mark Lindley-Highfield of Ballumbie Castle
10 Muslims in South America: history, presence, and visibility of a religious
minority in a Christian context 170
Marco Gallo
PART2
Culture 181
Part 2.1: Interactions, conflicting, converging 183
11 Europe’s identity crisis, Islam in Europe, and the crisis of European secularity 185
Luca Mavelli
12 Emergence of Western Muslim identity: factors, agents, and discourses 198
Adis Duderija
13 The multicultural idea and Western Muslims 214
Anna Triandafyllidou
14 Social and political Islamophobia: stereotyping, surveillance, and silencing 229
Salua Fawzi
15 A Muslim modernity: Ismaili engagement with Western societies 244
Karim H. Karim
16 Conversion to Islam in modern Western Europe and the United States 259
Patrick D. Bowen
vi
Contents
17 Muslim political radicalization in the West 272
Tahir Abbas
Part 2.2: Contributing to the Western world 287
18 Landscapes of Muslim art and architecture in the West 289
Eric R. Roose
19 Islamic organizations in the West: new welfare actors in the new
welfare systems in Europe 304
Elisa Banfi
20 Islam in the arts in the USA 320
Sylvia Chan-Malik
21 European Muslim youth and popular culture: at the crossroads of
fun and faith 334
Miriam Gazzah
22 Muslim material culture in the Western world 348
Johan Fischer
Part 2.3: Contributing to Islam 363
23 A religious law for Muslims in the West: the European Council for
Fatwa and Research and the evolution of fiqh al-aqalliyyat al-muslima 365
Uriya Shavit and Iyad Zahalka
24 Ethical questions in Western Islamic experience 378
Francesca Forte
25 Gender, feminism, and critique in American Muslim thought 395
Juliane Hammer
26 Development and perspectives of Islamic economics (banking and
finance) in the West 411
Gian Maria Piccinelli
27 The production of Western Islamic knowledge 426
Stefano Allievi
28 Islam, Sufism, and the postmodern in the religious melting pot 441
Francesco Alfonso Leccese
Index 455
vii
fi
List of gures and tables
Figures
15.1 The Aga Khan Development Network’s organizational chart 252
Tables
5.1 Number of people of “attributed” Muslim origin 87
8.1 No national American Muslim organization represents a large portion of the
community 147
8.2 Advocacy organizations listed by Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life
(updated May 15, 2012) 148
8.3 Non-profit organizations by and for American Muslim women 149
13.1 Muslim populations in Europe and North America 217
viii
List of contributors
Tahir Abbas is Professor of Sociology at Fatih University in Istanbul, Turkey. He is author of
Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics (2011), editor of the four-volume Islam and Education
(2010), and co-editor of Honour, Violence, Women and Islam (with M.M. Idriss, 2011). He is a
specialist in the area of Muslim minorities and ethnic studies in the West. He is currently
completing a critical observational perspective on the Muslim world and Muslim minorities in
theWest,andamonograph oncomparative Islamismsbasedonresearch andstudyvisitscarried
out in Turkey, Pakistan, and Indonesia.
Stefano Allievi, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology at the University of Padua. He specializes in
migration issues, sociology of religion, and cultural change, and has particularly focused his
studies and research on the presence of Islam in Europe. He has published extensively on these
issues in different languages (www.stefanoallievi.it).
Elisa Banfi is currently Postdoctoral Research Assistant at the Institute for Citizenship Studies
(InCiTe) at the University of Geneva.
Herbert Berg is Professor of Religion specializing in Islam in the Department of Philosophy
and Religion at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. His research focuses on Islamic
origins and on African American Islam. His publications include Elijah Muhammad and Islam
(2009) and The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam (2000).
Patrick D. Bowen, a recent graduate of the University of Denver-Iliff School of Theology
Joint Ph.D. Program in Religious Studies, is the author of over a dozen articles and book
chapters concerning Islam in the West. His forthcoming three-volume book is entitled A History
of Conversion to Islam in the United States.
Sylvia Chan-Malik is Assistant Professor of American and Women’s and Gender Studies at
Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Her research examines the intersections of race, religion,
gender,andsexuality,withaspecificfocusonthehistoryofIslamintheUnitedStates.Hercurrent
bookprojectistitledInsurgentTraditions:Race,Gender,andIslamintheUnitedStates,1923–2013.
ix