Table Of ContentRotifer Symposium IV
Developments in Hydrobiology 42
Series editor
H.J. Dumont
Rotifer Symposium IV
Proceedings of the Fourth Rotifer Symposium, held in
Edinburgh, Scotland, August 18-25, 1985
Edited by
L. May, R. Wallace and A. Herzig
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vol. 147
1987 DR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Rotifer Symposium (4th 1985 Edinburgh,
Scotland)
Rotiger Symposium IV.
(Developments in hydrobiology ; 42)
"Reprinted from Hydrobiologia."
1. Rotifera--Congresses. I. May, L. II. Wallace, R.
III. Herzig, A. IV. Hydrobiologia. V. Title.
VI. Series.
QL39l.R8157 1985 595.1'81 87-3307
ISBN-I3: 978-94-010-8302-7 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-4059-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-4059-8
Copyright
© 1987 by Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Preface
The fourth international rotifer symposium was Wednesday afternoon a tour of Edinburgh, includ
held in Edinburgh, Scotland, August 18 - 25, 1985, ing a visit to the Palace of Holyrood, was arranged.
hosted by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. This This was followed by an evening banquet with
meeting continued the tradition of holding rotifer traditional Scottish entertainment. On Thursday
symposia at three-year intervals. The first an evening most participants attended a fireworks dis
nouncement of the fourth meeting was circulated at play which was part of the Edinburgh Festival. Fi
the end of 1983 to almost 300 people whose names nally, an excursion to Loch Lomond and the Tros
appeared on the mailing list of the international sach hills was arranged for the Saturday after the
newsletter, Rotifer News. In total, 68 people from meeting.
23 countries attended the meeting. It is interesting The organisers would like to thank Mr. C. J.
to note that, of these 68 participants, 21 had at Place and colleagues at the Institute of Terrestrial
tended the first meeting, held in Linz, Austria, Ecology for their invaluable help in organising the
1976, and 13 had attended all three previous meet meeting and preparing the symposium volume for
ings. publication. We are also grateful for financial sup
As in previous symposia, some research topics port from the Royal Society, the British Council
were identified in advance of the meeting as being and British Petroleum (Scotland).
in need of special attention. This resulted in the Dr W. Junk BV Publishers and Dr H. J. Dumont
presentation of 7 invited review papers. In addition, kindly arranged for the conference proceedings to
44 short communications and 6 poster displays on be published in Hydrobi%gia and as a volume in
a wide variety of topics were presented. A film on the series 'Developments in Hydrobiology' .
the use of rotifers as larval food in an Israeli fish Manuscripts were revised by the editors and several
farm was also shown. Most evenings were set aside anonymous reviewers to whom the editors offer
for general discussions of the papers presented dur their grateful thanks. Language and style were
ing the day. changed where necessary to improve clarity of
Participants were accommodated at the Pollock meaning and to reduce length. The editors hope
Halls of Residence, Edinburgh, which also provid that this volume will make a useful contribution to
ed facilities for lecture and poster sessions. On rotifer research.
VI
Plate 1. Upper panel: Joyce Mehling, Richard Sternberger, Linda May, Russell Shiel, Stephen Threlkeld, Anne Lyche, Kennedy Roche;
Upper middle panel: Margaretha de Ridder, James Litton, Pierre Clement, Robert Wallace, Radovan Erben, Jean-Claude Rostan,
Minoru Sudzuki, Liliana Ramella, Lois Bateman, Rosalind Pontin, Reidar Grundstrom; James Litton, Robert Wallace, Esther Lubzens,
Wolfgang Hofmann, Ramesh Gulati, B. K. Sharma, Pierre Clement;
Lower middle panel: Lois Bateman, Walter Koste, Anthony Saunders-Davies; Heidi Berner-Fankhauser; Richard Sternberger, Joyce
Mehling, Yvette Edmondson, Tommy Edmondson, Ylva Pejler, Birger Pejler, Alois Herzig, Rama Chengeiath;
Lower panel: Martin Scott; Nan Duncan; Eric Holloway, Jens Petter Nilssen, T. A. Rezeq, Claudia Ricci, Alois Herzig.
VII
Plate 2. Upper panel: John Gilbert; Reidar Grundstrom, Diane Hewitt, Luis Cruz-Pizarro, Lesley Stewart, Jean-Claude Rostan; H.
Schrimpf, Eric Holloway, Ruth Laxhuber, Norbert Walz;
Upper middle panel: Anne Lyche, Terry Snell, Liliana Ramella, Tommy Edmondson, Birger Pejler, Thomas Nogrady; back row: Carlo
Robotti, Manuel Yufera; centre row: Hachiro Hirata, Claudia Ricci, Luis Cruz-Pizarro, Davi Ehlert, Anne Lyche, Charles King, Maria
Miracle, Sif Johansson, Robert Wallace, Jim Litton, H. Schrimpf, Anthony Saunders-Davies, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko; front row: Mrs.
Hirata, Kazutsugu Hirayama, Alois Herzig, Jens Petter Nilssen, Henri Dumont, Elizabeth Wurdak, Terry Snell;
Lower middle panel: Charles Hussey, Minoru Sudzuki, Charles James, Thomas Nogrady; Lesley Stewart, Sif Johansson, Alisdair Scott;
Peter Starkweather, Sif Johansson, James Green and wife;
Lower panel: Manuel Serra, Manuel Yufera, Marjanca Markic, Radovan Erben, Galina Galkovskaja, Rosalind Pontin, Anthony
Saunder-Davies, Jean-Claude Rostan; the conference centre.
Contents
Preface V
Participants of the Fourth International Rotifer Symposium XIII
Bruno Berzips, in memoriam, 1909-1985 ................................................. .
PART ONE: TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) in Africa by J. Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Distribution of rotifers in African fresh and inland saline waters by M. De Ridder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
On species of the genus Lepadella (Eurotatoria: Monogononta: Colurellidae) from North-Eastern In-
dia, with remarks on Indian taxa by B. K. Sharma & S. Sharma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Rotifera of impoundments in Southeastern Australia by R. 1. Shiel, C. Merrick & G. G. Ganf 23
Tasmanian Rotifera: Affinities with the Australian fauna by W. Koste & R. J. Shiel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Intraspecific variability of Brachionus plicatilis by M. Sudzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Rotifera from Northwestern Canada by R. Chengalath & w. Koste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Coexistence of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) clones in Soda Lake, Nevada by C. E. King & Y. Zhao 57
Rotifers from Turkey by H. J. Dumont & M. de Ridder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Distribution of Brachionus species in Spanish mediterranean wetlands by M. R. Miracle, M. Serra, E.
Vicente & C. Blanco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Biometric variation in three strains of Brachionus plicatilis as a direct response to abiotic variables by
M. Serra & M. R. Miracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Taxonomical and ecological notes on Hexarthra bulgarica from high mountain lakes and ponds of Sier-
ra Nevada, Spain by L. Cruz-Pizarro & R. Morales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Rotifer fauna of lakes and ponds over 2500 m above sea level in the Sierra Nevada, Spain, with descrip-
tion of a new subspecies by R. Morales-Baquero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Rotifer fauna in the periphyton of Karst rivers in Croatia, Yugoslavia by R. Erben ... . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Rotifer occurrence in relation to pH by B. Berzips & B. Pejler .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
PART TWO: BDELLOIDS
Ecology of Bdelloids: How to be successful by C. M. Ricci. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
x
A bdelloid rotifer living as an inquiline in the leaves of the pitcher plant. Sarracenia purpurea by L.
Bateman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Specificity of the alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) effect on the lifespan and fecundity of Bdelloid rotifers
by J. R. Litton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
PART THREE: COLONIAL ROTIFERS
Coloniality in the phylum Rotifera by R. L. Wallace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Conochilus in Lake Washington by W. T. Edmondson & A. H. Litt ........................... 157
PART FOUR: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
The analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: a plea for long-term investigations by A. Herzig. . . 163
The influence of sampling strategy on the apparent population dynamics of planktonic rotifers by H.
Berner-Fankhauser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Abundance and distribution of pelagic rotifers in a cold, deep, oligotrophic alpine lake (Konigssee)
by R. Laxhuber ...................................................................... 189
Population dynamics of hypolimnetic rotifers in the Pluss-see (north Germany) by W. Hofmann . . 197
Environmental factors influencing the vertical migration of planktonic rotifers in a hypereutrophic tarn
by L. Stewart & D. G. George. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203
Comparative population dynamics of the rotifers Brachionus angularis and Keratella cochlearis by N.
Walz ................................... .............................................. 209
Changes in the population dynamics of Keratella cochlearis (Gosse), Kellicottia longispina (Gosse) and
Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin) in a fertilised enclosure by R. Grundstrom ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 215
The population dynamics of Keratella cochlearis in a hypereutrophic tarn and the possible impact of
predation by young roach by D. P. Hewitt & D. G. George. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Post-encounter vulnerability of some rotifer prey types to predation by the copepod Acanthocyclops
robustus by K. F. Roche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229
The Polyarthra escape response: Defence against interference from Daphnia by J. J. Gilbert . . . . . . 235
Rotifers, cladocerans and planktivorous fish: what are the major interactions? by S. T. Threlkeld & E.
M. Choinski .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
PART FIVE: AQUACULTURE, FEEDING AND NUTRITION
Raising rotifers for use in aquaculture by E. Lubzens ........................................ 245
Production and nutritional quality of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed marine Chlorella ·sp. at
different cell densities by T. A. Rezeq & c. M. James. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
The use of marine yeast (Candida sp.) and bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in combination
with Chlorella sp. for mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by C. M. James, P. Dias &
A. E. Salman .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
A consideration of why mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis with bakers' yeast is unstable
by K. Hirayama ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269
The components of feeding behavior in rotifers by G. W. Salt ................................ 271
Effects of feeding on respiration of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by H. Hirata & S. Yamasaki .. 283
XI
A laboratory study of feeding and assimilation in Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana by R. Gulati, J. Rooth
& J. Ejsmont-Karabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
The potential for population growth of Ascomorpha ecaudis by R. Stemberger ................. 297
Further nutritional studies on the rotifer Encentrum linnhei by J. M. Scott. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
PART SIX: REPRODUCTION
Planktonic rotifers and temperature by G. Galkovskaja. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Effect of algal diet and temperature on the embryonic development time of the rotifer Brachionus
plicatilis in culture by M. Yufera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 319
Factors influencing the occurrence of males in natural populations of Synchaeta spp. by S. Johansson 323
Fertilization and male fertility in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by T. W. Snell & F. H. Haff .... 329
Effect of incubation temperature on the hatching of rotifer resting eggs collected from sediments by
L. May.............................................................................. 335
PART SEVEN: ULTRASTRUCTURE, BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENERAL METHODOLOGY
Movement in rotifers: correlations of ultrastructure and behavior by P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the stomach of Asplanchna sieboldi by E. S. Wurdak . . . . . .. 361
Neuropharmacology of rotifer feeding, oviposition and anesthesia by T. Nogrady ............... 373
Combined influences of particulate and dissolved factors in the toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa
(NRC-SS-17) to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus by P. L. Starkweather & P. E. Kellar .. . . . . . 375
A centrifugation method for measuring the relative density (specific gravity) of planktonic rotifers
(Rotifera), with values for the relative density of Polyarthra major (Burkhardt) and Keratella coch-
learis (Gosse) by A. Saunders-Davies and R. M. Pontin .................................... 379
