Table Of ContentRoar DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES
IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS
AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
VOLUME 82
Root Demographies and
Their Efficiencies in
Sustainable Agriculture,
Grasslands and
Forest Ecosystems
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the International Society of
Root Research, held 14-18 July 1996 at Madren Conference Center,
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
Edited by
JAMES E. BOX, Jr.
International Society 0/ Root Research,
United States Department 0/A griculture,
Agricultural Research Service,
Watkinsville, Georgia, USA
"~
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from
the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-6218-3 ISBN 978-94-011-5270-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights reserved
©1 998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1998
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without written permission from the copyright
owner.
Contents
Preface xi
Organisation of congress xiii
SECfION I: GLOBAL PATTERNS OF CARBON ALLOCATION
*1. Influence of C02 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization on tissue chemistry
and carbon allocation in longleaf pine seedlings
J.A. Entry, G.B. Runion, S.A. Prior, R.J. Mitchell and H.H. Rogers 3
2. Root distribution and production in native and introduced pastures in the
South American savannas
I.M.Rao 19
3. Role of plant root exudates in soil carbon and nitrogen 20 transformation
A. Mergel, A. Timchenko and V. Kudeyarov 43
4. Biomass of underground organs in Transbaikalian steppe phytocenoses
T.G. Boikov and Yu.D. Kharitonov 55
5. Effect of rec1aimation on the dynamics of aboveground and underground
phytomass of cultured meadow communities in different ecotypes of
Lithuania
N. Lapinshiene 61
SECTJON II: MANAGED AND UNMANAGED ECOSYSTEMS
6. Root growth in Siberian larch (Larix Sibirica Ledeb.) seedlings seasonal
variations and effects of various growing regimes, prolonged cold storage
and soil temperatures
A. Mattsson and M. Lasheikki 77
*7. Nutrient composition ofDouglas-firrhizosphere and bulk soil solutions
X. Wang and D. Zabowski 89
*8. Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand
density and fertilisation
M.A. Sword 105
9. Inhibition of fungal colonization on the rhizoplane of the CS2-producing
plant, Mimosa pudica L.
Z. Feng, P.G. Hartel, R.W. Roncadori and S.-J.S. Sung 115
• Chapters indicated with an asterisk are reprinted from PkuII and Soil Volume 200, No.1 (1998)
*10. Production of carbon disulfide (CS2) from L-djenkolic acid in the roots
of Mimosa pudica L.
J. Piluk, P.G. Hartel and B.L. Hanies 127
11. Root biomass of the root-herb layer in coniferous ecosystems of Slovakia
F. Kubicek, L. Somsak and V. Simonovic 139
12. Root-shoot relationships in plant adaptation to nitrogen deficiency
A. Mardanov, A. Samedovam and T. Shirvany 147
13. Morphological intraspecific diversity of below-ground organs in herbs
and dwarf shrubs inhabiting the Urals
L.G. Tarshis and G.I. Tarshis 155
14. The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and mycorrhizal infection on root and
shoot growth of two contrasting genotypes of Betula pendula Roth
L.A. Mackie-Dawson, E.A. Lavender and D. Atkinson 165
15. Turfgrass rooting characteristics of 'Palmetto', 'FX-lO', and 'Floratam'
St. Augustinegrass and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass
G.L. Miller and L.B. McCarty 177
SECTION III: S'OSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS
* 16. Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) root penetration into and
chemical properties of claypan soils
R. Clark, E. Alberts, R. Zobel, T. Sinclair, M. Miller, W. Kemper and C.
Foy 191
17. Effect of submergence on the growth and development of aerenchyma in
the roots of maize seedlings
G.M. Grinieva and T.V. Bragina 213
18. Seasonal variation in root growth of three grass species under varying
cutting treatments
D.L. Stetson and w.L. Sullivan 223
19. Some aspects of the root system of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea
Schreb.)
N. Gaborcik 237
20. Dynamics of below-ground plant organs in grasslands
A.A. Titlyanova, N.A. Kosych and N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva 247
21. Effects of water supply in the upper and lower soil profiles of deep soil
on root characteristics and dry matter production of winter wheat
Li Feng-Min, Guo An-Hong, Zhao Song-Ling and Lou Mei 265
22. Wheat root systems and water utilization in a semi-arid region
Yin Jun, Jiao Guoyan and Zhang Yuting 275
23. Common root rot of pea (Pisum sativum L.): Oat pre-crop and traffic
compaction effects in fine-textured mollisols
R.R. Allmaras, V.A. Fritz, F.L. Pfleger and S.M. Copeland 285
24. Soil compaction and soybean root growth
Ciro A. Rosolem and Mario Takahashi 295
*25. Fibrous carrot root responses to irrigation and compaction of sandy and
organic soils
L. Pietola and A.J.M. Smucker 305
26. Tillage and phosphorus effects on silage com
V.C. Baligar, R.J. Wright and M.D. Smedley 323
27. Root activity and acquisition of soil phosphorus and potassium
Tara Sing Gahoonia and Niels Erik Nielsen 331
28. A study of the root systems of main crops in Northern China
Miao Guoyan, Yin Jun, Zhang Yuting and Zhang Ailiang 345
29. Metabolic characteristics of growing and dormant Scotch pine roots in
the course of tree development
N.P. Chernobrovkina and T.A. Shulyakovskaya 357
30. Variation in fine-root biomass and net primary productivity due to con
version of tropical forests into plantation crops and agroecosystems
S. Sundarapandian and P. Swamy 369
31. Managing VAM in a semi-arid agroecosystem
B.L. McMichael, J.C. Zak, D.R. Upchurch and A.D. Brashears 383
32. The role of endomycorrhizae in fine-root litter degradation
M. Bansal and KJ. Mukerji 393
33. Evaluation ofN2 fixing capability ofA cacia sa ligna under field conditions
S.R. Mansour 403
SECTION IV: GROUND WATER QUALITY
*34. Impact of roots on ground water quality
T.J. Gish, D. Gimenez and w.J. Rawls 419
35. Fine-root response to nitrogen addition and removal at Gardsjon - results
from ingrowth cores
H. Persson, K. Ahlstrom and A. Clemensson-Lindell 433
*36. Root growth responses to lead in young maize seedlings
N. Obroucheva, E. Bystrova, V. Ivanov, O. Antipova and I. Seregin 445
37. Nitrogen status and growth responses of wheat, and separation of osmotic
from ion-specific effects of salinity by control of soil matric potential
S. Kenjebaeva, P. Berliner, M. Silberbush and S.H. Lips 457
38. Root response to rates of banded nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers
B.H. Marsh and G.M. Pierzynski 471
39. Salt effect on K influx by two rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance
D.B. Stephens, c.A. Beyrouty, E.E. Gbur and R.J. Norman 483
40. Effect of NaCl salinity and nitrogen form on fatty acid composition of
wheat roots
I. Shayakhmetova, N. Rakova and F. Polimbetova 493
41. Atrazine suppression of fine root growth in com
E. Pallant and C.S. Miller 499
SECTION V: GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
42. The root meristem and its relationship to root system architecture
Nancy Kerk 509
43. Developmental models to describe the relationships between shoot and
root growth in rice
J. Abe, S. Morita and Y. Hagisawa 523
44. Potassium uptake of Bothriochloa
E Fodor, E. Cseh and E. Kovacs-Lang 533
45. Cytokinin content in roots and shoots of wheat seedlings as affected by
transpiration rate
Rashit Farhutdinov, Iskander Usmanov, Stanislav Veselov and Guzel
Kudoyarova 541
46. Potassium circulation in plant axial organs as a complementary motive
force for water absorption by the root
I.S. Gazizov, A.A. Zyalalov and N.I. Gazizova 545
47. Selective inhibition of root branching in cucumber seedlings by com
pounds with gametocidic activity
T. Litinskaya, V. Ivanov, Yu. Parkhomenko, G. Genkina, A. Shipov and
T. Mastryukova 555
48. Change in lipid composition of wheat roots on early phase of mechanical
stress
A.V. Lygin and L.Kh. Gordon 565
49. Adaptive abilities of wheat root cells under calcium load
EV. Minibayeva and L.Kh. Gordon 573
50. Organic substances in the rooting medium
A. Mozafar and E Duss 583
51. Hormonal response of wheat seedlings to polyethylene glycol-induced
water deficiency
A. Mustafina, G. Kudoyarova, D. Veselov and S. Veselov 593
52. Changes in ABA and IAA content in the roots and shoots of wheat
seedlings under nitrogen deficiency
I. Teplova, S. Veselov and G. Kudoyarova 599
53. Cytological studies of root apical meristem cells of Kochia prostrata (L.)
Schrad
K.Toderich 607
54. Immunoassay of cytokinins produced by rhizosphere microorganisms
S. Veselov, T. Ivanova, M. Simonyan, A. Melentiev and G. Kudoyarova 615
55. Oppositely-directed water flows in roots with respect to the plant integral
hydrodynamic system
V. Volkov and V. Zholkevich 623
56. Auxin-induced changes in ABA and cytokinin concentration in wheat
seedlings
L. Vysotskaya and G. Kudoyarova 631
57. St. Augustinegrass root growth response following plant growth retardant
application
1.S. Weinbrecht, L.B. McCarty, M.E. Kane, G.L. Miller and G.R Best 637
*58. Genetic control of adaptive root characteristics in white clover
1.R Caradus and D.R. Woodfield 651
59. Effect of aluminium, and selection for aluminium tolerance, on root hair
length in white clover
D.A. Care 663
60. The importance for root-cap mucilage for plant and soil
L. Kutschera-Mitter, K.M. Barmicheva and M. Sobotik 673
SECTION VI: CONTEMPORARY METHODS FOR MEASURING ROOT
DYNAMICS
*61. Analysis of some direct and indirect methods for estimating root biomass
and production of forests at an ecosystem level
K.A. Vogt, D.l. Vogt and 1. Bloomfield 687
62. Root architecture and root/shoot-ratios of Norway spruce as affected by
thinning intensity and soil type in Denmark
C.N. Nielson and I. Dencker 721
*63. Automated image analysis for separating plant roots from soil debris
elutriated from soil cores
RH. Dowdy, A.l.M. Smucker, M.S. Dolan and I.e. Ferguson 737
*64. Portable rhizotron and color scanner system for monitoring root develop-
ment
W.B. Pan, R.P. Bolton, E.l. Lundquist and L.K. Hiller 745
*65. Soil temperature effects from minirhizotron lighting systems
K. Van Rees 757
66. Water state and intercellular transport in roots: Characterization by
nuclear magnetic resonance
A.L. Shvaleva and O.V. Volobueva 767
67. Duration of lateral root formation in maize seedlings as affected by diverse
factors
V.B. Ivanov, E.I. Bystrova, 1.G. Dubrovsky and M.E. Ploshinskaya 777
68. How deep should we measure root length to find a varietal difference of
root distribution in wheat?
A. Oyanagi, T. Nakamoto and M. Wada 789
Preface
The International Society of Root Research sponsored the Symposium
"Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture,
GrassLands and Forest Ecosystems," July 14-18, 1996, at the Madren
Conference Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. The
conference was a continuation of a series of international symposiums on root
research held every three to four years. Symposiums have also been held
twice in Vienna, Austria, and once in Uppsala, Sweden, and Almaty,
Kazahkstan prior to the meeting at Clemson University.
The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to
include root scientists from the former Soviet Union because of the
importance of exchanging information on a worldwide basis. This symposium
continued and promoted that effort by providing travel grants to several
scientists from that region; however, funds for that purpose were limited.
Therefore, in compiling these proceedings, a number of papers from scientists
from the former Soviet Union and former Warsaw Pack countries have been
included even though the scientists were not actually present for the
SymPOSIum.
The symposium organising committee, which included Drs. Bobbie
McMichael, Hans Persson, Alvin Smucker, Kristina Vogt, Virgil Quisenberry
and James Box (Chairman), plus Dr. Natasha Obroucheva served as the
editorial board for the Proceedings and selected the manuscripts which should
be included. Additionally, Dr. Obroucheva edited 15 of the manuscripts from
Russia for the purpose of removing translation errors and to assure scientific
quality. Following this process, 85 manuscripts were submitted to Kluwer
