Table Of ContentRomans at War
This volume addresses the fundamental importance of the army, warfare,
and military service to the development of both the Roman Republic and
wider Italic society in the second half of the first millennium BC.
It brings together emerging and established scholars in the area of Roman
military studies to engage with subjects such as the relationship between
warfare and economic and demographic regimes; the interplay of war, aris-
tocratic politics, and state formation; and the complex role the military
played in the integration of Italy. The book demonstrates the centrality of
war to Rome’s internal and external relationships during the Republic, as
well as to the Romans’ sense of identity and history. It also illustrates the
changing scholarly view of warfare as a social and cultural construct in an-
tiquity, and how much work remains to be done in what is often thought of
as a “traditional” area of research.
Romans at War will be of interest to students and scholars of the Roman
army and ancient warfare, and of Roman society more broadly.
Jeremy Armstrong is a Senior Lecturer in Ancient History at the Univer-
sity of Auckland, New Zealand. He received his BA from the University of
New Mexico and his MLitt and PhD from the University of St Andrews. He
works primarily on archaic central Italy, and most specifically early Roman
warfare. He is the author of War and Society in Early Rome: From Warlords
to Generals (2016) and the editor of a number of volumes, including Rituals
of Triumph (2013) and Circum Mare: Themes in Ancient Warfare (2016).
Michael P. Fronda is Associate Professor in the Department of History
and Classical Studies at McGill University. He received his PhD from The
Ohio State University. He writes on Roman political and military history,
interstate relations, and Roman and Pre-Roman Italy. He is the author of
Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War
(2010).
Routledge Monographs in Classical Studies
Titles include the following:
Power Couples in Antiquity
Transversal Perspectives
Edited by Anne Bielman Sánchez
The Extramercantile Economies of Greek and Roman Cities
New Perspectives on the Economic History of Classical Antiquity
Edited by David B. Hollander, Thomas R. Blanton IV, and
John T. Fitzgerald
The Bible, Homer, and the Search for Meaning in Ancient Myths
Why We Would Be Better Off With Homer’s Gods
John Heath
Fantasy in Greek and Roman Literature
Graham Anderson
Piracy, Pillage, and Plunder in Antiquity
Appropriation and the Ancient World
Edited by Richard Evans and Martine de Marre
Romans at War
Soldiers, Citizens, and Society in the Roman Republic
Edited by Jeremy Armstrong and Michael P. Fronda
Discourse of Kingship in Classical Greece
Carol Atack
For more information on this series, visit: https://www.routledge.com/
classicalstudies/series/RMCS
Romans at War
Soldiers, Citizens, and Society in the
Roman Republic
Edited by
Jeremy Armstrong and
Michael P. Fronda
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2020 selection and editorial matter, Jeremy Armstrong and
Michael P. Fronda; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Jeremy Armstrong and Michael P. Fronda to be
identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors
for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-1-138-48019-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-06350-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by codeMantra
For Nate Rosenstein
Contents
List of maps ix
List of tables xi
List of contributors xiii
Preface and acknowledgments xvii
Note on texts, translations, and abbreviation xix
Maps xxi
1 Writing about Romans at war 1
JEREMY ARMSTRONG AND MICHAEL P. FRONDA
2 The institutionalization of warfare in early Rome 17
FRED K. DROGULA
3 The price of expansion: agriculture, debt-dependency,
and warfare during the rise of the Republic, c. 450–287 35
PETER VANDERPUY
4 The dilectus-tributum system and the settlement
of fourth century Italy 52
JAMES TAN
5 Organized chaos: manipuli, socii, and the Roman army c. 300 76
JEREMY ARMSTRONG
6 Poor man’s war – rich man’s fight: military integration in
Republican Rome 99
MARIAN HELM
7 “Take the sword away from that girl!” Combat, gender,
and vengeance in the middle Republic 116
JOHN SERRATI
viii Contents
8 The middle Republican soldier and systems
of social distinction 134
KATHRYN H. MILNE
9 Uncovering a “Lost Generation” in the senate: demography
and the Hannibalic War 154
CARY BARBER
10 Titus Quinctius Flamininus’ “Italian triumph” 171
MICHAEL P. FRONDA
11 Ager publicus: land as a spoil of war in the Roman Republic 191
SASKIA T. ROSELAAR
12 The manipular army system and command decisions
in the second century 210
JEREMIAH McCALL
13 Anecdotal history and the Social War 232
JESSICA H. CLARK
14 SPQR SNAFU: indiscipline and internal
conflict in the late Republic 247
LEE L. BRICE
15 From slave to citizen: the lessons of Servius Tullius 267
JACK WELLS
16 The transformation of the Roman army in the
last decades of the Republic 283
FRANÇOIS GAUTHIER
17 Epilogue 297
NATHAN ROSENSTEIN
Bibliography 309
Index 341
Maps
1 The city of Rome. Produced by the Ancient World
Mapping Center. xxi
2 Ancient Latium. Produced by the Ancient World
Mapping Center. xxii
3 Central Italy with Roman voting Tribes. Produced by
the Ancient World Mapping Center. xxii
4 Italy with Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia with major roads,
c. 100 BC. Produced by the Ancient World Mapping Center. xxiii
5 Italy: Roman, Latin and Allied Territories, c. 100
BC. Map courtesy of the USMA, Department of History.
Used with permission. xxiv
6 The Mediterranean c. 100 BC. Ancient World Mapping
Center © 2019 (awmc.unc.edu). Used with permission. xxv
