Table Of ContentRoman Rule in Greek and Latin Writing
Impact of Empire
Roman Empire, c. 200 BC–AD 476
Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire
(= Management Team of Impact of Empire)
Angelos Chaniotis, Ségolène Demougin,
Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn, Luuk de Ligt,
Elio Lo Cascio, Bernhard Palme, Michael Peachin,
Christian Witschel and Greg Woolf
Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network
Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster
Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich
Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1,
P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire
nicole belayche – stephane benoist – anthony birley
lukas de blois – christer bruun – john drinkwater
werner eck – peter funke – andrea giardina
françoise van haeperen – johannes hahn – anne kolb
fik meijer – onno van nijf – marie-therese raepsaet-charlier
john rich – john richardson – bert van der spek
richard talbert – willem zwalve
VOLUME 18
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem
Impact of Empire Roman Rule in Greek and
Latin Writing
Roman Empire, c. 200 BC–AD 476
Double Vision
Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire
(= Management Team of Impact of Empire)
Angelos Chaniotis, Ségolène Demougin, Edited by
Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn, Luuk de Ligt,
Jesper Majbom Madsen and Roger Rees
Elio Lo Cascio, Bernhard Palme, Michael Peachin,
Christian Witschel and Greg Woolf
Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network
Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster
Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich
Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1,
P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire
nicole belayche – stephane benoist – anthony birley
lukas de blois – christer bruun – john drinkwater
werner eck – peter funke – andrea giardina
françoise van haeperen – johannes hahn – anne kolb
fik meijer – onno van nijf – marie-therese raepsaet-charlier
john rich – john richardson – bert van der spek
richard talbert – willem zwalve
VOLUME 18
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Cover illustration: The Senate House in Rome, taken by Thomas Meloni Rønn.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Roman rule in Greek and Latin writing : double vision / edited by Jesper Majbom Madsen and Roger Rees.
pages cm. — (Impact of Empire; 18)
“This volume has its origins in a conference hosted in April 2009 at the University of Southern Denmark
as a collaborative venture between the School of History, University of Southern Denmark and the School of
Classics, University of St Andrews.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-27738-0 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-27828-8 (e-book)
I. Madsen, Jesper Majbom, editor. II. Rees, Roger, editor.
PA3014.P65R65 2014
880.09358—dc23
2014017109
This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering
Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities.
For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 1572-0500
isbn 978-90-04-27738-0 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-27828-8 (e-book)
Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior written permission from the publisher.
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that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,
Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction: A Roman Greek 1
Jesper Majbom Madsen and Roger Rees
1 Patriotism and Ambitions: Intellectual Response to Roman Rule
in the High Empire 16
Jesper Majbom Madsen
2 Becoming Wolf, Staying Sheep 39
Ewen Bowie
3 Accommodation, Opposition or Other? Luke-Acts’ Stance
Towards Rome 79
John Moles
4 Adopting the Emperor: Pliny’s Praise-giving as
Cultural Appropriation 105
Roger Rees
5 The Representation of Greek Diplomacy in Tacitus 124
Bruce Gibson
6 Fractured Vision: Josephus and Tacitus on Triumph and
Civil War 144
Rhiannon Ash
7 ‘Heus tu rhetorisce’: Gellius, Cicero, Plutarch, and Roman Study
Abroad 163
Joseph A. Howley
8 Triple Vision: Ulpian of Tyre on the Duties of the Proconsul 193
Jill Harries
9 Greek History in a Roman Context: Arrian’s Anabasis
of Alexander 210
Jesper Carlsen
vi contents
10 Herodian on Greek and Roman Failings 224
Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen
11 Images of Elite Community in Philostratus: Re-Reading the
Preface to the Lives of the Sophists 246
Jason König
Bibliography 271
Index 296
Acknowledgements
This volume has its origins in a conference hosted in April 2009 at the University of
Southern Denmark as a collaborative venture between the Department of History,
University of Southern Denmark and the School of Classics, University of St Andrews.
For their support in funding the conference, we are grateful to both institutions, to the
Danish Council of Independent Research (Humanities) and Ingeniør N. M. Knudsens’
Fond. Thanks too to Kirsten Dige Larsen and Karen Fog Rasmussen of the Department
of History, University of Southern Denmark and to Margaret Goudie of the School
of Classics, University of St Andrews for their help with practical and administrative
aspects of the conference. Greg Woolf, Tim Whitmarsh, John Rich and Ewen Bowie
gave us timely and generous advice as we saw the project through to publication.
Jesper Majbom Madsen and Roger Rees
introduction
A Roman Greek
Jesper Majbom Madsen and Roger Rees
On his round trip of the Black Sea the Roman senator and legatus Augusti of
Cappadocia, L. Flavius Arrianus from Nicomedia in Bithynia, wrote an account
of the area to the emperor Hadrian. His Periplus is styled as a letter.1 In it, Arrian
describes the physical and human geography of the eastern seaboard of the
Black Sea, from the south round to the east, and northwards to Pantikapaion
on the Crimea. If Hadrian had commissioned the report and was expecting a
reliable account of contemporary affairs in the region, he would have been dis-
appointed. Arrian’s Periplus draws its inspiration from Xenophon’s Anabasis,
written more than five centuries previously; Xenophon is almost the only ref-
erence point in the Periplus, and provides the authority and model for Arrian.2
Less than a contemporary document, the Periplus reads as a work of archaising
literature.3 But some exceptions work their way in. Like Xenophon before him,
Arrian reached the Black Sea coast at the city of Trapezus (modern Trabzon),
where he reported to Hadrian on some recent religious monuments, including
two altars.
καὶ οἱ βωμοὶ ἀνεστᾶσιν ἤδη, λίθου μέντοι γε τοῦ τραχέος, καὶ τὰ γράμματα διὰ
τοῦτο οὐκ εὔδηλα κεχάρακται, τὸ δὲ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐπίγραμμα καὶ ἡμαρτημένως
γέγραπται, οἷα δὴ ὑπὸ βαρβάρων γραφέν. ἔγνωκα οὖν τούς τε βωμοὺς λίθου
λευκοῦ ἀναθεῖναι, καὶ τὰ ἐπιγράμματα ἐγχαράξαι εὐσήμοις τοῖς γράμμασιν.
The altars are already set up, through in rather rough stone, and as such
the inscribed letters are not particularly clear; the Greek inscription is
also inaccurately carved, such as that written by barbarians. I therefore
decided to rebuild the altars in white stone, and to carve the inscriptions
in clear letters (Arrian, Periplus, 1.1–4.; translation Liddle, adapted)
1 The texts opens Αὐτοκράτορι Καίσαρι Τραϊανῷ Ἀδριανῷ Σεβαστῷ Ἀρριανὸς χαίρειν (‘Arrian sends
greetings to the Emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus’); on Arrian’s minor works, see
Bosworth (1993); on epistolary formulae, see Gibson and Morrison 2007: 3.
2 See e.g. Periplus 1 (bis).
3 Arrian even styles himself ‘Xenophon’ in his Order of Battle against the Alans. See Carlsen in
chapter nine below.
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