Roman Alcester Series. Vol. 1. Roman Alcester: Southern Extramural Area. 1964-1966 Excavations. Part 2: Finds and Discussion

740 Pages·1994·30.502 MB·English

by  Stephen Cracknell, Christine Mahany (eds.)

Roman Alcester Series
Volume 1
ROMAN ALCESTER:
SOUTHERN EXTRAMURAL AREA
1964-1966 Excavations
PART 2: FINDS AND DISCUSSION
edited by Stephen Cracknell and Christine Mahany
with contributions by
Don Bailey, Justine Bayley, Paul Booth, Richard Brickstock,
P J Casey, P W Clogg, Sally Cottam, John Crossling, C B Denston,
Brenda Dickinson, Jeremy Evans, Rowan Ferguson, Pedro Funari,
A J Gouldwell, B R Hartley, K F Hartley, Martin Henig, Frances
Lee, Gerda Lindquist, Joan Liversidge, G Lloyd-Morgan,
Gerry McDonnell, D F Mackreth, Quita Mould, P J Osborne,
Hedley Pengelly, Jennifer Price, Stephanie Ratkai, Val Rigby,
V Snetterton-Lewis, A H V Smith, J H Thornton,
Roberta Tomber, and D F Williams
CBA Research Report 97
Council for British Archaeology
1994
Published 1994 by the Council for British Archaeology
Bowes Morrell House, 111 Walmgate, York Y01 2UA
Copyright © Authors and Council for British Archaeology
All rights reserved
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library
ISSN 0141 7819
ISBN 1 872414 42 7
Typeset from authors’ discs by Archetype, Stow-on-the-Wold
Printed in Great Britain at Adpower, Halifax
The publishers acknowledge with gratitude a grant from
English Heritage towards the publication of this report.
Front cover Caravsivs et fratres svi coin
Back cover Headstud brooch from site E
Contents
Listof illustrations.. .............................................................................................................................................. vii
List of tables ............................................................................................................................................................ ix
List of plates ............................................................................................................................................................. x
List of microfiche..................................................................................................................................................... xi
Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ xii
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ XV
Introduction to Part 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1
Romano-British coarse pottery by Frances Lee and Gerda Lindquist,with Jeremy Evans ................................ 3
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Classificationof Romano-British coarse pottery............................................................................................. 3
Classificationof localwares.............................................................................................................................. 3
Classificationof non-local and importedwares ............................................................................................... 6
Typology:vessel formand function .................................................................................................................. 8
Discussion ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
corpus .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Samian ware by B R Hartley, Hedley Pengelly, and Brenda Dickinson ............................................................. 93
Roman amphoraeby D F William s ..................................................................................................................... 120
Dressel 20 titulus pictus by Pedro Funari and D F Williams ..................................................................... 120
Vessels with incised graffiti by Jeremy Evans, Frances Lee, and Gerda Lindquist......................................... 124
Roman pottery: notes........................................................................................................................................... 131
Stampedgrey ware base by Val Rigby......................................................................................................... 131
Petrographyof selected samplesof Severn Valley war e............................................................................. 131
Mortaria by Paul Booth, incorporating notes on the stamps by K F Hartley .................................................... 132
Discussion of thepottery in the context of Roman Alcester by Jeremy Evans................................................. 144
Pottery and ceramic small finds by Rowan Ferguson, with Don Bailey and Jeremy Evans............................ 150
Iron Age sherds from site M by Jeremy Evans................................................................................................... 153
Medieval pottery by Stephanie Ratkai................................................................................................................ 154
Metalartefacts..................................................................................................................................................... 157
Coins by Richard Brickstock and P J Casey ................................................................................................ 157
Copperalloyand iron broochesby D F Mackreth ........................................................................................ 162
Copper alloy objects excluding brooches by G Lloyd-Morgan ..................................................................... 177
Iron objects by Quita Mould.......................................................................................................................... 195
Iron slag byGerry McDonnel l ....................................................................................................................... 206
V
Crucible fragments by Justine Bayley .......................................................................................................... 206
Lead objects by Quita Mould ........................................................................................................................ 206
Bone and bone products....................................................................................................................................... 211
.
Animal bone................................................................................................................................................... 211
Worked bone by G Lloyd-Morgan ................................................................................................................. 211
Human skeletal remains by C B Denston .................................................................................................... 215
Ecology.................................................................................................................................................................. 217
Botanical remains by A J Gouldwell ............................................................................................................ 217
Insect remains from Pit F and their environmental implications by P J Osborne.................................... 217
Building materials ............................................................................................................................................... 221
Daub by Rowan Ferguson ............................................................................................................................. 221
Decorated wall plaster by Joan Liversidge and Stephen Cracknell ........................................................... 221
Tile by Rowan Ferguson ................................................................................................................................ 222
Tesserae by Jeremy Evans ............................................................................................................................. 222
Wood by V Snetterton-Lewis.......................................................................................................................... 222
Other finds............................................................................................................................................................ 223
Coal by A H V Smith ..................................................................................................................................... 223
Intaglios by Martin Henig............................................................................................................................. 223
Glass by Jennifer Price and Sally Cottam ................................................................................................... 224
Leather by J H Thornton .............................................................................................................................. 229
Jet and shale by Jeremy Evans..................................................................................................................... 229
Worked stone and quernstones by Jeremy Evans with contributions by John Crossling ......................... 231
Discussion by Stephen Cracknell ......................................................................................................................... 249
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................... 260
vi
List of illustrations
Text
1 Roman coarse pottery, types R-l-R.25 (!A scale)
2 Roman coarse pottery, types R.26-R-43 (1/4 scale)
3 Roman coarse pottery, types R.44-R.53 (1/4 scale)
4 Roman coarse pottery, types R.54-R-68 (1/4 scale)
5 Roman coarse pottery, types R-69-R.95 (1/4 scale)
6 Roman coarse pottery, types R.96-R.112 (1/4 scale)
7 Roman coarse pottery, types R. 113-R. 136 (1/4 scale)
8 Roman coarse pottery, types R. 137-R. 163 (1/4 scale)
9 Roman coarse pottery, types R. 164-R. 189 (1/4 scale)
10 Roman coarse pottery, types R.190-R.217 (1/4 scale)
11 Roman coarse pottery, types R.218-R-258 (1/4 scale)
12 Roman coarse pottery, types R.259-R-290 (1/4 scale)
13 Roman coarse pottery, types R.291-R.330 (1/4 scale)
14 Roman coarse pottery, types R-331-R.369 (1/4 scale)
15 Roman coarse pottery, types R.370-R-408 (1/4 scale)
16 Roman coarse pottery, types R.409-R-450 (1/4 scale)
17 Roman coarse pottery, types R.451-R.489 (1/4 scale)
18 Roman coarse pottery, types B-l-B.23 (1/4 scale)
19 Roman coarse pottery, types B.24-B.52 (1/4 scale)
20 Roman coarse pottery, types B.53-B.75 (1/4 scale)
21 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.1-0.32 (1/4 scale)
22 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.33-0.57 (1/4 scale)
23 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.58-O-79 (1/4 scale)
24 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.80-0.96 (1/4 scale)
25 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.97-0.118 (1/4 scale)
26 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.119-0.131 (1/4 scale)
27 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.132-O-157 (1/4 scale)
28 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.158-o. 194 (1/4 scale)
29 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.195-0.228 (1/4 scale)
30 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.229-0.260 (1/4 scale)
31 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.261-0.281 (1/4 scale)
32 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.282-0.306 (1/4 scale)
33 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.307-0.335 (1/4 scale)
34 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.336-0.353 (1/4 scale)
35 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.354-0.363 (1/4 scale)
36 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.364-0.403 (1/4 scale)
37 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.404-0.435 (1/4 scale)
38 Roman coarse pottery, types 0.436-0-461 (1/4 scale)
39 Roman coarse pottery, types C.l-C.47 (1/4 scale)
40 Roman coarse pottery, types C.48-C.77 (1/4 scale)
41 Roman coarse pottery, types W-l-W.16 (1/4 scale)
42 Roman coarse pottery, types W.17-W.50 (1/4 scale)
43 Roman coarse pottery, types CW.l-CW.20 (1/4 scale)
44 Histogram representing average annual losses of decorated samian and stamped plain ware
45 Samian nos 6-69
46 Samian nos 84-127
47 Samian nos 128-92
48 Samian nos 194-243
49 Samian nos 252-73
vii
50 Samian nos 274-8
51 Samian nos 279-83
52 Samian nos 284-9
53 Samian nos 290-9
54 Amphora from pit group D II 29A (44 scale) withinscriptions and depinto (full size)
55 Disputed interpretation of depinto on Dressel 20 amphora from pit group D II 29A
56 Graffiti, nos l-13 (1/4 scale)
57 Graffiti, nos 14-37 (1/4 scale)
58 Graffiti, nos 38-48
59 Distribution of pottery with graffiti
60 Stamped grey ware base (1/4 scale); stamp full size
61 Mortaria stamps
62 Mortaria, nos l-20
63 Mortaria, nos 21-41
64 Mortaria, nos 42-58
65 Mortaria, nos 59-63
66 Percentage of recorded occurrence of Black-Burnished ware 1 by date
67 a) Point distribution map of rustic ware jars with indented shoulders, and known kiln sites
b) Quantified distribution map of South-Western brown slipped ware
68 Pottery objects
69 Loomweight, clay block, and disc
70 Iron Age pottery from site M
71 Medieval pottery
72 Coins from the 1964-6 excavations (for coin issue periods see text)
73 Coins from Alcester excavations to 1985 (for coin issue periods see text)
74 Coins from Alcester excavations to 1985 but excluding those from the 1964-6 excavations
75 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos l-11
76 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 12-22
77 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 23-36
78 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 37-51
79 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 52-62
80 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 64-72
81 Copper alloy and iron brooches, nos 73-95
82 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 1-26
83 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 27-34
84 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 35-77
85 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 78-93
86 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 94-109
87 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 114-19
88 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 120-3
89 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 124-33
90 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 134-44
91 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 146-91
92 Copper alloy (except brooches), nos 192-228
93 Iron objects, nos l-11
94 Iron objects, nos 12-25
95 Iron objects, nos 27-41
96 Iron objects, nos 56-100
97 Iron objects, nos 106-18
98 Crucibles
99 Lead object, no 1
100 Lead objects, nos 2-5
101 Worked bone, nos l-79
102 Worked bone, nos 80-91
103 Stamped tile
104 Glass vessels, nos l-24
105 Glass vessels, nos 25-36
106 Leather
Viii