Role of the dominant phototrophic bacterium in anaerobic swine waste lagoons, Rhodobacter sp ...

201 Pages·2016·3.68 MB·English

by  Young Sub Do

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
2001
Role of the dominant phototrophic bacterium in
anaerobic swine waste lagoons, Rhodobacter sp
PS9, in odor remediation
Young Sub Do
Iowa State University
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Recommended Citation
Do, Young Sub, "Role of the dominant phototrophic bacterium in anaerobic swine waste lagoons, Rhodobacter sp PS9, in odor
remediation " (2001).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 915.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/915
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Role of the dominant phototrophic bacterium in anaerobic swine waste lagoons,
Rhodobacter sp. PS9, in odor remediation
by
Young Sub Do
A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Major: Microbiology
Program of Study Committee:
Alan DiSpirito, Major Professor
D. L. "Hank" Harris
Thomas Moorman
Anthony Pometto III
Thaddeus Stanton
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
2001
Copyright © Young Sub Do, 2001. All rights reserved.
UMI Number: 3143526
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Graduate College
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Young Sub Do
has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University
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ommittee Member
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For the Major Program
iii
To Haekyong, Kyongmin, and Kun
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES xiv
ABSTRACT xviii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
Biological Treatment Systems 2
Aerobic treatment 3
Anaerobic treatment 4
Microbiology and Biochemistry of Odor Production 5
Odor producing microorganisms 5
Fermentation reactions 7
Sulfate reducing bacteria 8
Odor consuming bacteria 9
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 9
Non-photosynthetic sulfur oxidizing bacteria 9
Deodorant microorganisms 10
Evaluation of Odor 10
Olfactometry 11
Chemical analysis 11
Electronic methods 12
CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 13
Description of Anaerobic Waste Storage Lagoon 13
Field Monitoring 13
Collection of Liquid Samples 14
V
Collection of Environmental Odor Pollutants 14
Chemical Characterization of Liquid in Swine Waste Lagoon 15
Analysis of Environmental Odor Pollutants in the Air 15
Isolation and Identification of Bacteriochlorophylls 18
Isolation of Phototrophic Bacteria from Lagoon Samples 18
Electron Microscopy 20
Analysis of Fatty Acids from Purple Phototrophic Bacteria 21
Strains Used for Quantitative Filter Hybridization 22
Nucleic Acid Extraction and Analysis 23
Oligonucleotide Probes and Labeling 24
Quantitative Filter Hybridization 24
CHAPTER 3. CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
IN ENVIRONMENTAL ODOR POLLUTANTS FROM SWINE WASTE
LAGOONS 27
Evaluation of Chemical Odor Monitoring System 27
Analysis of Airborne Odor Pollutants by Thermal Desorption Method 28
Discussion 32
CHAPTER 4. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PURPLE
PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM SWINE WASTE LAGOONS 34
Isolation of Phototrophic Bacteria 35
Morphology and Ultrastructure 35
Spectral Identification of Photopigment 36
Fatty Acid Analysis of Purple Phototrophic bacteria 39
Phylogenetic Properties 39
Electron Donors and Carbon Sources 41
Discussion 44
vi
CHAPTER 5. MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ANAEROBIC SWINE
WASTE LAGOONS: ABUNDANCE OF DOMINANT PHOTOSYNTHETIC
BACTERIA AND THEIR ROLE IN ODOR REMEDIATION 46
Field Observations 46
Quantification of Rhodobacter sp. PS9 in Anaerobic Swine Waste Lagoons by
Oligonucleotide probe Hybridization 47
Correlation of Photosynthetic Bloom to Emission Rate of Volatile Organic
Compounds 52
Discussion 53
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 56
Summary of Results 56
Odor Remediation by Using Indigenous Phototrophic Bacteria 59
APPENDIX A. CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC EMISSIONS
AND WASTES FROM A SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITY 61
Abstract 61
Introduction 62
Materials and Methods 64
Description of swine waste storage basin and placement of air
monitoring equipment 64
Capture and analysis of volatile organic compounds from the air 65
Physical and chemical characterization of stored waste in the slurry
basin 67
Results and Discussion 68
Physical and chemical characterization of stored waste in the slurry
basin 68
Atmospheric transport measurements for volatile organic compounds 70
Evaluation of air sampling methodology 73
Conclusions 74
vii
Acknowledgements 76
Literature Cited 76
APPENDIX B. CORRELATION OF HUMAN OLFACTORY RESPONSES TO
AIRBORNE CONCENTRATIONS OF MALODOROUS VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMITTED FROM SWINE EFFLUENT 89
Abstract 89
Introduction 90
Materials and Methods 92
Composition of odorant solutions 92
Emission chamber design and operational parameters 93
Scale development and sensory panel design 95
Results and Discussion 97
Development and validation of synthetic swine odor Z2 97
Operational parameters of dynamic emission chamber 99
Panel and scale development 100
Conclusions 105
Acknowledgements 106
References 106
APPENDIX C. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF SWINE MANURE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS BASED ON EFFLUENT AND GAS
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 122
Abstract 122
Introduction 123
Materials and Methods 124
Physical and chemical characterization of stored manure 124
Description of swine manure storage facilities, placement of air
monitoring equipment and statistical analyses 125
viii
Capture and analysis of air pollutants from swine manure management
systems 125
Evaluation of the odor intensity associated with swine manure
management systems 127
Measurement of CH4 flux, VOC concentration, and odor intensity from
29 swine manure management systems 128
Detailed studies of gas flux rates from four swine manure management
systems 129
Results and discussion 131
Initial evidence that methane emission rate is dependent upon manure
management system environment 131
Classification of 29 swine manure management systems based on
solution-phase chemistry and methane emission rate 133
Relationships between emission chemistry and odor intensity 136
Emission rates of air pollutants from swine manure management
systems 139
Conclusions 142
Acknowledgements 143
Literature Cited 144
APPENDIX D. ADDITIONAL OLFACTOMETRY DATA 158
Developing a Measurement Scale for Swine Waste Odor 158
Results and Discussion 160
REFERENCES 166
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 180