Table Of ContentROCKET PROPULSION
Amodernpedagogicaltreatmentofthelatestindustrytrendsinrocketpropul-
sion, developed from the authors’ extensive experience in both industry and
academia.
Studentsareguidedalongastep-by-stepjourneythroughmodernrocket
propulsion,beginningwiththehistoricalcontextandanintroductiontotop-level
performancemeasures,andprogressingtoin-depthdiscussionsofthechemical
aspects of fluid flow combustion thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium,
solid,liquid,andhybridrocketpropellants,missionrequirements,andfinallyto
anoverviewofelectricpropulsion.
Keyfeaturesinclude:
• A wealth of homework problems, with a solutions manual for
instructorsonline.
• Numerousreal-lifecasestudiesandexamples.
• Anappendixdetailingkeynumericalmethods,andlinkstoaddi-
tionalonlineresources.
• Design approaches for all types of chemical rockets (including
solid,liquid,andhybridpropellants)andelectricpropulsion.
• Techniquesforanalysisofengineandmotoroperation,andsystem
andvehiclelevelperformance.
This is a must-have book for senior and first-year graduate students
lookingtogainathoroughunderstandingofthetopicalongwithpracticaltools
thatcanbeappliedinindustry.
StephenD.HeisteristheRaisbeckDistinguishedProfessorofAeronauticsand
AstronauticsatPurdueUniversityandhaspreviouslyworkedinindustry.Hehas
servedasanAssociateEditorofTheAIAAJournalofPropulsion&Powerandis
anelectedFellowoftheAIAA.
WilliamE.AndersonisaProfessorofAeronauticsandAstronauticsatPurdue
UniversityandisformerAssociateHeadoftheUndergraduateProgram.Heisan
AssociateFellowoftheAIAA.
TimothéePourpointisanAssociateProfessorofAeronauticsandAstronauticsat
PurdueUniversity.HeisanAssociateFellowoftheAIAA.
R.JosephCassadyistheExecutiveDirectorforSpaceinAerojetRocketdyne
Washington Operations. He is an Associate Fellow of the AIAA and former
Chair of the Electric Propulsion Technical Committee. He serves as Vice
President of the Electric Rocket Propulsion Society, and Executive Vice
PresidentofExploreMarsInc.
ROCKET PROPULSION
STEPHEN D. HEISTER
Purdue University, Indiana
WILLIAM E. ANDERSON
Purdue University, Indiana
TIMOTHÉE POURPOINT
Purdue University, Indiana
R. JOSEPH CASSADY
Aerojet Rocketdyne
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CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108422277
DOI:10.1017/9781108381376
©StephenD.Heister,WilliamE.Anderson,TimothéePourpointandR.JosephCassady2019
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2019
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd,PadstowCornwall
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Heister,StephenD.,author.|Anderson,WilliamE.(WilliamEdward),author.|Pourpoint,Timothee
(TimotheeLouis),author.|Cassady,R.Joseph,(Joe),author.
Title:Rocketpropulsion/StephenD.Heister(PurdueUniversity,Indiana),WilliamE.Anderson(Purdue
University,Indiana),TimotheePourpoint(PurdueUniversity,Indiana),JosephCassady(AerojetRocketdyne).
Description:Firstedition.|NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2018]|Includesbibliographical
references.
Identifiers:LCCN2018036914|ISBN9781108422277
Subjects:LCSH:Rockets(Aeronautics)|Jetpropulsion.|Rocketengines.
Classification:LCCTL782.H452018|DDC621.43/56–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018036914
ISBN978-1-108-42227-7Hardback
Additionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/heister.
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
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CONTENTS
Preface pageix
Acknowledgments xii
1 ClassificationofRocketPropulsionSystemsandHistorical
Perspective 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 ABriefHistoryofRocketry 1
1.3 ClassificationofRocketPropulsionSystems 10
FurtherReading 19
2 MissionAnalysisFundamentals 20
2.1 ClassificationofRocket-PropelledVehicles 20
2.2 MissionRequirementsforLaunchVehicles 23
2.3 MissionRequirementsforUpper-StageorOrbital
TransferVehicles 28
2.4 MissionRequirementsforBallisticMissiles 34
2.5 MissionRequirementsforInterceptors 37
2.6 Summary 40
FurtherReading 40
HomeworkProblems 40
3 TrajectoryAnalysisandRocketDesign 47
3.1 VerticalTrajectories–TheRocketEquation 47
3.2 BurningTimeandAccelerationEffects 56
3.3 MultistageRockets 60
3.4 GeneralizedTrajectories 64
HomeworkProblems 69
4 RocketNozzlePerformance 81
4.1 ReviewofCompressibleFlowofaPerfectGas 81
4.2 RocketPerformanceFundamentals 85
4.3 DesigningNozzleAerodynamicContours 97
4.4 Non-ConventionalNozzles 100
4.5 Two-DimensionalFlowEffects 102
4.6 NozzleShocksandSeparation 105
4.7 Two-PhaseFlowLosses 107
4.8 BoundaryLayerLosses 109
vi Contents
4.9 MethodofCharacteristicsforAxisymmetricFlows 110
FurtherReading 113
HomeworkProblems 114
5 CombustionandThermochemistry 134
5.1 ReviewofPerfectGases 134
5.2 ThermodynamicsReview 138
5.3 ChemicalEquilibrium 143
5.4 CalculatingtheAdiabaticFlameTemperature 149
5.5 RocketNozzleThermochemistry 153
5.6 ComputerCodesforChemicalEquilibriumComputations 154
FurtherReading 157
HomeworkProblems 158
6 HeatTransferinChemicalRockets 177
6.1 Introduction 178
6.2 CoolingTechniquesUsedinRockets 182
6.3 HeatTransferFundamentals 188
6.4 ScalingofConvectiveHeatTransferProcesses 202
6.5 RegenerativeCoolingSystemAnalysis 203
FurtherReading 213
HomeworkProblems 214
7 SolidRocketMotors 229
7.1 Introduction 229
7.2 SRMInternalBallistics 230
7.3 SpecificImpulse,MassFlow,andThrustPredictions 236
7.4 SolidRocketMotorComponents 237
7.5 SolidRocketPropellants 247
7.6 ThrustVectorControlandThrottleableSystems 257
FurtherReading 261
HomeworkProblems 262
8 LiquidRocketEngines 282
8.1 Introduction:BasicElementsofanLRE 282
8.2 MonopropellantSystems 286
8.3 BipropellantSystemsandEngineCycles 289
8.4 LREPropellantTanks 298
8.5 LREThrustChambers 304
8.6 LREInjectors 309
8.7 LRECombustor/InjectorDesignandAnalysis 327
8.8 LREUnsteadySystemsAnalysisUsingLumpedParameter
Methods 330
Contents vii
8.9 ANoteonAdditiveManufacturing 334
FurtherReading 336
HomeworkProblems 337
9 LiquidRocketPropellants 348
9.1 Introduction:ClassificationofLiquidPropellantsandHistorical
Perspective 348
9.2 WhatisaFuel?AndWhatisanOxidizer? 351
9.3 DesirablePropertiesinLiquidPropellants 353
9.4 Monopropellants 357
9.5 StorableandHypergolicPropellants 374
9.6 GelledPropellants 388
9.7 CryogenicPropellants 389
9.8 FinalConsiderations 396
FurtherReading 397
10 RocketTurbomachineryFundamentals 401
10.1 Introduction:ElementsofRocketTurbopumpsandHistorical
Perspective 401
10.2 PumpDesignFundamentals 409
10.3 InducerDesign 416
10.4 ImpellerDesign 419
10.5 ThrustBalance 421
10.6 PumpOperatingEnvelopeandCFDAnalysis 422
10.7 TurbineFundamentals 424
10.8 Shafts,Bearings,andSeals 428
10.9 Rotordynamics 434
10.10 ANoteonAdditiveManufacturing 436
FurtherReading 438
11 HybridRocketEngines 439
11.1 Introduction:GeneralArrangementandHistory 439
11.2 HRECombustionFundamentals 442
11.3 HRELumpedParameterBallistics 443
11.4 HREBallisticElementAnalysis 450
11.5 HRECombustionTheory 454
11.6 HREPropellants 458
11.7 HREDesign 460
FurtherReading 463
HomeworkProblems 464
12 CombustionInstability 479
12.1 Introduction:OverviewandHistory 479
viii Contents
12.2 Background 483
12.3 Analysis 493
12.4 TestMethods 508
FurtherReading 521
13 ElectricPropulsionFundamentals 526
13.1 Introduction 526
13.2 Background:HistoricalDevelopments 528
13.3 FundamentalsofOperationforEPDevices 528
13.4 TypesofElectricPropulsionDevices 539
13.5 ElectricPropulsionApplications 545
13.6 SystemDesignandSpacecraftInteractions 550
FurtherReading 553
HomeworkProblems 553
Appendix 555
A.1 NumericalMethods 555
A.2 FluidPropertiesandOtherResources 563
Index 570
