Table Of ContentRNA TUMOR VIRUSES, ONCOGENES,
HUMAN CANCER AND AIDS:
On the Frontiers of
Understanding
DEVELOPMENTS IN ONCOLOGY
F.J. Cleton and J.W.I.M. Simons, eds.: Genetic Origins of Tumour Cells. 90-247-2272-1.
J. Aisner and P. Chang, eds.: Cancer Treatment Research. 90-247-2358-2.
B.W. Ongerboerde Visser, D.A. Bosch and W.M.H. van Woerkom-Eykenboom, eds.: Neuro-oncology:
Clinical and Experimental Aspects. 90-247-2421-X.
K. Hellmann, P. Hilgard and S. Eccles, eds.: Metastasis: Clinical and Experimental Aspects.
90-247-2424-4.
H.F. Seigler, ed.: Clinical Management of Melanoma. 90-247-2584-4.
P. Correa and W. Haenszel, eds.: Epidemiology of Cancer of the Digestive Tract. 90-247-260 1-8.
L.A. Liotta and I.R. Hart, eds.: Tumour Invasion and Metastasis. 90-247-2611-5.
J. Banoczy, ed.: Oral Leukoplakia. 90-247-2655-7.
C. Tijssen, M. Halprin and L. Endtz, eds.: Familial Brain Tumours. 90-247-2691-3.
F.M. Muggia, C.W. Young and S.K. Carter, eds.: Anthracycline Antibiotics in Cancer. 90-247-2711-1.
B.W. Hancock, ed.: Assessment of Tumour Response. 90-247-2712-X.
D.E. Peterson, ed.: Oral Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy. 0-89838-563-6.
R. Mastrangelo, D.G. Poplack and R. Riccardi, eds.: Central Nervous System Leukemia. Prevention and
Treatment. 0-89838-570-9.
A. Polliack, ed.: Human Leukemias. Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Techniques in Diagnosis
and Research. 0-89838-585-7.
W. Davis, C. Maltoni and S. Tanneberger, eds.: The Control of Tumor Growth and its Biological Bases.
0-89838-603-9.
A.P.M. Heintz, C. Th. Griffiths and J.B. Trimbos, eds.: Surgery in Gynecological Oncology.
0-89838-604-7.
M.P. Hacker, E.B. Double and!. Krakoff, eds.: Platinum Coordination Complexes in Cancer
Chemotherapy. 0-89838-619-5.
M.J. van Zwieten, The Rat as Animal Model in Breast Cancer Research: A Histopathological Study of
Radiation- and Hormone-Induced Rat Mammary Tumors. 0-89838-624-1.
B. Lowenberg and A. Hogenbeck, eds.: Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Leukemia. 0-89838-630-6.
I. van der Waal and G.B. Snow, eds.: Oral Oncology. 0-89838-631-4.
B. W. Hancock and A. M. Ward, eds.: Immunological Aspects of Cancer. 0-89838-664-0.
K.V. Honn and B.F. Sloane. Hemostatic Mechanisms and Metastasis. 0-89838-667-5.
K.R. Harrap, W. Davis and A.N. Calvert, eds.: Cancer Chemotherapy and Selective Drug Development:
0-89838-673-X.
V.D. Velde, J.H. Comelis and P.H. Sugarbaker, eds.: Liver Metastasis. 0-89838-648-5.
D.I. Ruiter, K. Welvaart and S. Ferrone, eds.: Cutaneous Melanoma and Precursor Lesions.
0-89838-689-6.
S.B. Howell, ed.: Intra-Arterial and Intracavitary Cancer Chemotherapy. 0-89838-691-8.
D.L. Kisner and I.F. Smyth, eds.: Interferon Alpha-2: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evaluation.
0-89838-701-9.
RNA TUMOR VIRUSES, ONCOGENES,
HUMAN CANCER AND AIDS:
On the Frontiers of Understanding
Proceedings of the International Conference on RNA Tumor
Viruses in Human Cancer, Denver, Colorado, June 10-14, 1984
edited by
Philip Furmanski
Jean Carol Hager
Marvin A. Rich
AMC Cancer Research Center
Denver, Colorado
Martinus Nijhoff Publishing
a member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Boston/DordrechtiLancaster
Distributors for North America:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
190 Old Derby Street
Hingham, MA 02043
Distributors for all other countries:
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Distribution Centre
P.O. Box 322
3300 AH Dordrecht
THE NETHERLANDS
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on RNA Tumor Viruses in Human Cancer (1984: Denver, Colo.)
RNA tumor viruses, oncogenes, human cancer and AIDS.
(Developments in oncology)
Includes bibliographies and index.
I. Viral carcinogenesis-Congresses. 2. Viruses, RNA-Congresses. 3. Oncogenes-Congresses.
4. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome-Etiology-Congresses. 5. Cancer-Genetics aspects-
Congresses. I. Furmanski, Philip, 1946- . II. Hager, Jean Carol, 1943- . III. Rich, Marvin A. IV.
Title. V. Title: R.N.A. tumor viruses, oncogenes, human cancer and AIDS. VI. Series. [DNLM: I.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-etiology-congresses. 2. Neoplasms-etiology-congresses. 3.
Oncogenes-congresses. 4. Retroviridae-congresses.
WI DE998N / QW 166 I606r 1984]
RC268.57.15731984 616.99'4071 84-25515
ISBN -13: 978-1-4612-9620-1 e-ISBN -13:978-1-4613-2583-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2583-3
Copyright©1985 by Martinus NijhoffPublishing, Boston
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permis-
sion of the publisher, Martinus NijhoffPublishing, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Massachusetts 02043.
DEDICATION
As in all scientific advances, the achievements that move us toward
a true understanding of the nature and cause of cancer through studies of
the RNA tumor viruses were made by standing on "the shoulders of giants".
This volume is dedicated to three individuals who, by their own germinal
discoveries in the laboratory and their unstinting efforts in the
promotion, support and coordination of research, were driving forces
behind much of the progress in this area.
Twenty-five years ago, they isolated the agents that comprise the
FMR group of murine leukemia viruses. Their discoveries stimulated an
effort involving hundreds of laboratories throughout the world, resulting
in thousands of scientific publications, each adding incrementally to our
knowledge of cancer development.
The importance of their findings is evidenced also by contributions
of the FMR viruses to such diverse areas as differentiation, immunology,
genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
But these eminent scientists served the cancer research effort in a
larger capacity -- the initiation, promotion and direction of the world-
wide scientific battle against cancer.
v
vi
It is for their discoveries, their insights, their energies and their
accomplishments that this volume is dedicated to:
PIONEERS IN TUMOR VIROLOGY
Dr. Charlotte Friend
Disaovepep - The FPiend Mupine Leukemia Vipus
Professor and Director
Center for Experimental Cell Biology
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Dr. John B. Moloney
Disaovepep - The Moloney Mupine Leukemia vipus
Former Associate Director for Viral Oncology,
Chairman, Virus Cancer Program,
Former Assistant Director
National Cancer Institute
Dr. Frank J. Rauscher, Jr.
Disaovepep - The Rausahep Mupine Leukemia Vipus
Former Director
National Cancer Institute,
Senior Vice President for Research
American Cancer Society
CONTENTS
Dedication v
Contributors XI
Preface xix
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF
THE RNA TUMOR VIRUSES
1. Myc, a Genetic Element that is Shared by a Cellular
Gene (proto-myc) and by Viruses with One (MC29) or
Two (MH2) onc Genes
Takis S. Papas, Nancy C. Kan, Dennis K. Watson,
James A. Lautenberger, Christos Flordellis,
Kenneth P. Samuel, Ugo G. Rovigatti,
Miltos C. Psallidopoulos, Richard Ascione
and Peter H. Duesberg
2. Viral and Cellular los Gene 14
Inder M. Verma, Tom Curran, A. Dusty Miller
and Charles Van Beveren
3. P21 ras Transforming Protein: Significance of the
Carboxy Terminus 25
Berthe M. Willumsen and Douglas R. Lowy
4. Protein Phosphorylation of Tyrosine in Normal and
Transformed Cells 41
Jonathan A. Cooper, Kathy Gould and Tony Hunter
5. Activation of a Gene Coding for a Normal Human Growth
Factor to One with Transforming Properties 54
Stuart A. Aaronson and Keith C. Robbins
6. Cell Cycle Control of c-myc Expression 67
Kathleen Kelly, Brent Cochran, Charles Stiles
and Philip Leder
ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS
SEQUENCES IN HUMAN CELLS
7. A New Class of Human Endogenous Retroviral Genes 76
Robert Callahan, Ing-Ming Chiu, Toby Horn,
Igbal Ali, Joan Robbins, Stuart Aaronson
and Jeffrey Schlom
viii
8. Structure and Function of Human Endogenous Type C
Retroviral DNAS 93
Arnold B. Rabson, Paul E. Steele, Roy Repaske and
Malcolm A. Martin
9. ERV3, A Full-Length Human Endogenous Provirus:
Sequence Analysis and Evolutionary Relationships 108
Catherine D. 0 'Connell and Maurice Cohen
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
OF HUMAN CANCERS
10. Molecular Basis of Human B Cell Neoplasia 116
Carlo M. Croce and Peter C. Nowell
11. Stage Specific Transforming Genes in Lymphoid Neoplasms 127
Mary-Ann Lane, Henry A. F. Stephens,
Matthew B. Tobin and Kevin Doherty
12. Oncogenes Involved in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia l33
Nora Heisterkamp, John R. Stephenson,
Gerard Grosveld, Annelies de Klein
and John Groffen
13. Monoclonal Antibodies Generated to a Synthetic
Peptide Define ras Gene Expression at the Single
Cell Level in Human Colon and Mammary Carcinomas 151
Ann Thor, Patricia Horan Hand, David Wunderlich,
Maureen Weeks, Arnaldo Caruso, Raffaella Muraro
and Jeffrey Schlom
14. Which Cancers are Caused by Activated proto-one Genes? 168
Peter H. Duesberg, Michael Nunn, Nancy Kan,
Dennis Watson, Peter H. Seeburg and Takis Papas
HTLVI LAV , T-CELL
LEUKEMIA AND AIDS
15. The Family of Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses and
Their Role in the Cause of T-Cell Leukemia and AIDS 191
Robert C. Gallo, George Shaw, Beatrice Hahn,
Flossie Wong-Staal, Mikulas Popovic, Jorge Schupbach,
M. G. Sarngadharan, Suresh Arya, S. Zaki Salah uddin
and Marvin S. Reitz, Jr.
ix
16. A Novel Human Lymphotropic Retrovirus (LA V):
New Data on its Biology and Role in AIDS 206
Luc Montagnier, Francoise Barre-Sinoussi,
David Klatzmann, Jean-Claude Gluckman,
Christine Rouzioux, Francoise Brun-Vezinet
and Jean-Claude Chermann
17. Biology of Human T Cell Leukemia Viruses in
Immunosuppression and AIDS 218
Max Essex
18. Human Retrovirus in Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) 232
Donald P. Francis, Cirilo D. Cabradilla,
Paul M. Fe orino and V. S. Kalyanaraman
19. Human RNA and DNA Oncogenic Viruses and Their
Importance in Transmissible and Malignant Diseases 240
Guy de The
20. Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) Antibodies in
Mycosis Fungoides and Leukemias and Lymphomas 247
B. I. Sahai Srivastava and Michiko Koga
21. Immunologic Functions and the Pathogenesis of the
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 254
Charles H. Kirkpatrick, Kathleen C. Davis,
Charles R. Horsburgh, Jr., Patricia E. Rickmann,
David L. Cohn, Kent Penley, Franklyn N. Judson
and Bruce S. Dobozin
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE STUDY
OF HUMAN NEOPLASIA AND RELATED DISEASES
22. Experimental Studies of the Pathogenesis of Feline
Leukemia Virus Infection 267
Edward A. Hoover
23. Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses 289
William D. Hardy, Jr.
x
24. Bovine Leukemia Virus: Past, Present and Future 306
Arsene Burny, Claudine Bruck, Dominique Couez,
Jacqueline Deschamps, Jacques Ghysdael,
Diane Gregoire, Richard Kettmann, Marc Mammerickx,
Daniel Portetelle, Nancy Rice, Robert Stephens
and Raymond Gilden
25. A New Messenger RNA Expressed by Bovine Leukemia
Virus Infected Cells 318
Robert Z. Mamoun, Therese Astier-Gin,
Richard Kettmann, Jacqueline Deschamps,
Nicole Rebeyrotte and Bernard J. Guillemain
26. Primate Retroviruses and AIDS 332
Murray B. Gardner
27. Molecular Comparisons of the D-Type Retroviruses 338
Eric Hunter, Christopher S. Barker, James Bradac,
Subatndra Chatterjee, Ron Desrosiers and
John W. Wills
28. Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus and Hepatitis B Virus as
Related to Known RNA and DNA Tumor Viruses and
Hepatocellular Carcinoma 354
Charles E. Rogier, Morris Sherman and
David A. Shafritz
29. Establishment of Virus-Negative Cell Lines Derived
from Radiation- or Chemically-Induced T-Cell
Lymphomas in NFS/N Mice, and Generation of Oncogenic
Virus from These Cell Lines Following Infection of
A Non-Oncogenic Ecotropic Virus 372
Kazuyoshi Yanagihara, Toshio Seyama and
Kenjiro Yokoro
PERSPECTIVES
30. Perspectives and Prospects of Molecular Biology in
the Control of Human Malignancies 382
Peter J. Fischinger
31. Implications for the Control of Human Cancer 392
John W. Berg
Index 399
