Table Of ContentRN Nursing Care of Children
REVIEW MODULE EDITION 11.0
Contributors
Honey C. Holman, MSN, RN
Debborah Williams, MSN, RN
Consultants
Sheryl Sommer, PhD, RN, CNE
Janean Johnson, MSN, RN, CNE Christi Blair, DNP, RN
LaKeisha Wheless, MSN, RN Teresa M. Conte, PhD, CPNP
Kellie Wilford, MSN, RN Judith Drumm, DNS, RN, CPN
Mendy G. McMichael, DNP, RN Jessica L. Johnson, DNP, MSN, BSN, RN
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REPRINTED APRIL 2021
RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN I
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II CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
User’s Guide
Welcome to the Assessment Technologies Institute® RN ACTIVE LEARNING SCENARIOS
Nursing Care of Children Review Module Edition 11.0. The AND APPLICATION EXERCISES
mission of ATI’s Content Mastery Series® Review Modules
Each chapter includes opportunities for you to test your
is to provide user-friendly compendiums of nursing
knowledge and to practice applying that knowledge. Active
knowledge that will:
Learning Scenario exercises pose a nursing scenario
● Help you locate important information quickly.
and then direct you to use an ATI Active Learning
● Assist in your learning efforts.
Template (included at the back of this book) to record
● Provide exercises for applying your nursing knowledge.
the important knowledge a nurse should apply to the
● Facilitate your entry into the nursing profession as a
scenario. An example is then provided to which you can
newly licensed nurse.
compare your completed Active Learning Template. The
This newest edition of the Review Modules has been Application Exercises include NCLEX-style questions, such
redesigned to optimize your learning experience. We’ve as multiple-choice and multiple-select items, providing
fit more content into less space and have done so in a you with opportunities to practice answering the kinds of
way that will make it even easier for you to find and questions you might expect to see on ATI assessments or
understand the information you need. the NCLEX. After the Application Exercises, an answer key
is provided, along with rationales.
ORGANIZATION
NCLEX® CONNECTIONS
This Review Module is organized into units covering the
foundations of nursing care of children, nursing care of To prepare for the NCLEX-RN, it is important to
children who have systems disorders, and nursing care of understand how the content in this Review Module
children who have other specific needs. Chapters within is connected to the NCLEX-RN test plan. You can find
these units conform to one of four organizing principles information on the detailed test plan at the National
for presenting the content. Council of State Boards of Nursing’s website, www.ncsbn.
● Nursing concepts org. When reviewing content in this Review Module,
● Growth and development regularly ask yourself, “How does this content fit into
● Procedures the test plan, and what types of questions related to this
● System disorders content should I expect?”
Nursing concepts chapters begin with an overview To help you in this process, we’ve included NCLEX
describing the central concept and its relevance to nursing. Connections at the beginning of each unit and with each
Subordinate themes are covered in outline form to question in the Application Exercises Answer Keys. The
demonstrate relationships and present the information in NCLEX Connections at the beginning of each unit point
a clear, succinct manner. out areas of the detailed test plan that relate to the content
within that unit. The NCLEX Connections attached to the
Growth and development chapters cover expected growth
Application Exercises Answer Keys demonstrate how each
and development, including physical and psychosocial
exercise fits within the detailed content outline.
development, age-appropriate activities, and health
These NCLEX Connections will help you understand how
promotion, including immunizations, health screenings,
the detailed content outline is organized, starting with
nutrition, and injury prevention.
major client needs categories and subcategories and
Procedures chapters include an overview describing followed by related content areas and tasks. The major
the procedure(s) covered in the chapter. These client needs categories are:
chapters provide nursing knowledge relevant to each ● Safe and Effective Care Environment
procedure, including indications, nursing considerations, ◯ Management of Care
interpretation of findings, and complications. ◯ Safety and Infection Control
● Health Promotion and Maintenance
System disorders chapters include an overview describing
● Psychosocial Integrity
the disorder(s) and/or disease process. These chapters
● Physiological Integrity
address assessments, including risk factors, expected
◯ Basic Care and Comfort
findings, laboratory tests, and diagnostic procedures.
◯ Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Next, you will focus on patient-centered care, including
◯ Reduction of Risk Potential
nursing care, medications, therapeutic procedures,
◯ Physiological Adaptation
interprofessional care, and client education. Finally, you
will find complications related to the disorder, along with An NCLEX Connection might, for example, alert you that
nursing actions in response to those complications. content within a unit is related to:
● Physiological Adaptation
◯ Alterations in Body Systems
■ Identify clinical manifestations and incubation
periods of infectious diseases.
RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN USER’S GUIDE III
QSEN COMPETENCIES ICONS
As you use the Review Modules, you will note the Icons are used throughout the Review Module to draw
integration of the Quality and Safety Education for your attention to particular areas. Keep an eye out for
Nurses (QSEN) competencies throughout the chapters. these icons.
These competencies are integral components of the
curriculum of many nursing programs in the United States This icon is used for NCLEX Connections.
and prepare you to provide safe, high-quality care as a
newly licensed nurse. Icons appear to draw your attention This icon indicates gerontological considerations,
to the six QSEN competencies. or knowledge specific to the care of older
adult clients.
Safety: The minimization of risk factors that could
cause injury or harm while promoting quality care This icon is used for content related to safety
and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self, and is a QSEN competency. When you see this
and others. icon, take note of safety concerns or steps that
nurses can take to ensure client safety and a
Patient-Centered Care: The provision of caring and
safe environment.
compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses
clients’ physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, This icon is a QSEN competency that indicates
and cultural needs, preferences, and values. the importance of a holistic approach to
providing care.
Evidence-Based Practice: The use of current knowledge
from research and other credible sources, on which to base This icon, a QSEN competency, points out the
clinical judgment and client care. integration of research into clinical practice.
Informatics: The use of information technology as a This icon is a QSEN competency and highlights
communication and information-gathering tool that the use of information technology to support
supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based nursing practice.
nursing practice.
This icon is used to focus on the QSEN
Quality Improvement: Care related and organizational competency of integrating planning processes to
processes that involve the development and meet clients’ needs.
implementation of a plan to improve health care services
This icon highlights the QSEN competency of care
and better meet clients’ needs.
delivery using an interprofessional approach.
Teamwork and Collaboration: The delivery of client care
This icon appears at the top-right of pages
in partnership with multidisciplinary members of the
and indicates availability of an online media
health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive
supplement, such as a graphic, animation, or
client outcomes.
video. If you have an electronic copy of the
Review Module, this icon will appear alongside
clickable links to media supplements. If you have
a hard copy version of the Review Module, visit
www.atitesting.com for details on how to access
these features.
FEEDBACK
ATI welcomes feedback regarding this Review Module.
Please provide comments to [email protected].
As needed updates to the Review Modules are identified,
changes to the text are made for subsequent printings
of the book and for subsequent releases of the electronic
version. For the printed books, print runs are based
on when existing stock is depleted. For the electronic
versions, a number of factors influence the update
schedule. As such, ATI encourages faculty and students to
refer to the Review Module addendums for information on
what updates have been made. These addendums, which
are available in the Help/FAQs on the student site and the
Resources/eBooks & Active Learning on the faculty site,
are updated regularly and always include the most current
information on updates to the Review Modules.
IV USER’S GUIDE CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
Table of Contents
NCLEX® Connections 1
Foundations of Nursing Care of Children 3
UNIT 1
Perspectives of Nursing Care of Children 3
SECTION:
CHAPTER 1 Family-Centered Nursing Care 3
CHAPTER 2 Physical Assessment Findings 7
CHAPTER 3 Health Promotion of Infants (2 Days to 1 Year) 15
CHAPTER 4 Health Promotion of Toddlers (1 to 3 Years) 21
CHAPTER 5 Health Promotion of Preschoolers (3 to 6 Years) 25
CHAPTER 6 Health Promotion of School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years) 29
CHAPTER 7 Health Promotion of Adolescents (12 to 20 Years) 33
NCLEX® Connections 37
Specific Considerations of Nursing Care of Children 39
SECTION:
CHAPTER 8 Safe Administration of Medication 39
CHAPTER 9 Pain Management 43
CHAPTER 10 Hospitalization, Illness, and Play 49
CHAPTER 11 Death and Dying 53
RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN TABLE OF CONTENTS V
NCLEX® Connections 57
System Disorders 59
UNIT 2
Neurologic Disorders 59
SECTION:
CHAPTER 12 Acute Neurologic Disorders 59
CHAPTER 13 Seizures 65
CHAPTER 14 Head Injury 71
CHAPTER 15 Cognitive and Sensory Impairments 75
NCLEX® Connections 81
Respiratory Disorders 83
SECTION:
CHAPTER 16 Oxygen and Inhalation Therapy 83
CHAPTER 17 Acute and Infectious Respiratory Illnesses 91
CHAPTER 18 Asthma 99
CHAPTER 19 Cystic Fibrosis 105
NCLEX® Connections 109
Cardiovascular and Hematologic Disorders 111
SECTION:
CHAPTER 20 Cardiovascular Disorders 111
CHAPTER 21 Hematologic Disorders 125
NCLEX® Connections 133
Gastrointestinal Disorders 135
SECTION:
CHAPTER 22 Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders 135
CHAPTER 23 Gastrointestinal Structural and Inflammatory Disorders 141
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
NCLEX® Connections 149
Genitourinary and Reproductive Disorders 151
SECTION:
CHAPTER 24 Enuresis and Urinary Tract Infections 151
CHAPTER 25 Structural Disorders of the Genitourinary Tract and Reproductive System 155
CHAPTER 26 Renal Disorders 159
NCLEX® Connections 167
Musculoskeletal Disorders 169
SECTION:
CHAPTER 27 Fractures 169
CHAPTER 28 Musculoskeletal Congenital Disorders 175
CHAPTER 29 Chronic Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders 183
NCLEX® Connections 193
Integumentary Disorders 195
SECTION:
CHAPTER 30 Skin Infections and Infestations 195
CHAPTER 31 Dermatitis and Acne 201
CHAPTER 32 Burns 207
NCLEX® Connections 213
Endocrine Disorders 215
SECTION:
CHAPTER 33 Diabetes Mellitus 215
CHAPTER 34 Growth Hormone Deficiency 221
NCLEX® Connections 225
Immune and Infectious Disorders 227
SECTION:
CHAPTER 35 Immunizations 227
CHAPTER 36 Communicable Diseases 235
RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
CHAPTER 37 Acute Otitis Media 239
CHAPTER 38 HIV/AIDS 243
NCLEX® Connections 247
Neoplastic Disorders 249
SECTION:
CHAPTER 39 Organ Neoplasms 249
CHAPTER 40 Blood Neoplasms 255
CHAPTER 41 Bone and Soft Tissue Cancers 261
Other Specific Needs 269
UNIT 3
NCLEX® Connections 267
CHAPTER 42 Complications of Infants 269
CHAPTER 43 Pediatric Emergencies 285
CHAPTER 44 Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents 291
References 299
Active Learning Templates A1
Basic Concept A1
Diagnostic Procedure A3
Growth and Development A5
Medication A7
Nursing Skill A9
System Disorder A11
Therapeutic Procedure A13
Concept Analysis A15
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
NCLEX® Connections
When reviewing the following chapters, keep in mind the
relevant topics and tasks of the NCLEX outline, in particular:
Safety and Infection Control
ACCIDENT/ERROR/INJURY PREVENTION
Identify factors that influence accident/injury prevention
Identify and facilitate correct use of infant and child car seats.
Health Promotion and Maintenance
AGING PROCESS
Provide care and education for the newborn, infant
and toddler client from birth through 2 years.
Provide care and education for the preschool, school age
and adolescent client ages 3 through 17 years.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND TRANSITIONS
Provide education to clients/staff members about expected
age-related changes and age-specific growth and development.
Identify family structures and roles of family members.
Modify approaches to care in accordance with client developmental stage.
HEALTH PROMOTION/DISEASE PREVENTION: Assess
and educate clients about health risks based on family,
population, and/or community characteristics.
Basic Care and Comfort
NUTRITION AND ORAL HYDRATION: Manage
the client's nutritional intake.
REST AND SLEEP: Assess client sleep/rest
pattern and intervene as needed.
Reduction of Risk
CHANGES/ABNORMALITIES IN VITAL SIGNS: Assess and
respond to changes and/or trends in client vital signs.
SYSTEM SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS: Perform focused assessments.
RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN NCLEX® CONNECTIONS 1
