River Ecology and Man. Proceedings of an International Symposium on River Ecology and the Impact of Man, Held at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, June 20–23, 1971

455 Pages·1972·9.84 MB·English

by  Ray T. Oglesby, Clarence A. Carlson and James A. McCann (Eds.)

E N V I R O N M E N T A L SCIENCES
An Interdisciplinary Monograph Series
EDITORS
DOUGLAS H. K. LEE E. WENDELL HEWSON DANIEL OKUN
National Institute of Department of Department of Environmental
Environmental Health Sciences Atmospheric Science Sciences and Engineering
Research Triangle Park Oregon State University University of North Carolina
North Carolina Corvallis, Oregon Chapel Hill, North Carolina
ARTHUR C. STERN, editor, AIR POLLUTION, Second Edition.
In three volumes, 1968
L. FISHBEIN, W. G. FLAMM, and H. L. FALK, CHEMICAL M U T A G E N S : Environ-
mental Effects on Biological Systems, 1970
DOUGLAS H. K. LEE and DAVID MINARD, editors, PHYSIOLOGY, ENVIRON-
MENT, A N D MAN, 1970
KARL D. KRYTER, T H E EFFECTS OF NOISE O N MAN, 1970
R. E. M U N N , BIOMETEOROLOGICAL METHODS, 1970
M. M. K E Y , L. E. KERR, and M. B U N D Y , PULMONARY REACTIONS T O COAL
D U S T : "A Review of U. S. Experience," 1971
DOUGLAS H. K. LEE, editor, METALLIC CONTAMINANTS A N D H U M A N
HEALTH, 1972
DOUGLAS H. K. LEE, editor, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RESPIRA-
TORY DISEASE, 1972
H. ELDON SUTTON and MAUREEN I. HARRIS, editors, MUTAGENIC EFFECTS
OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS, 1972
RAY T. OGLESBY, CLARENCE A. CARLSON, and JAMES A. M C C A N N , editors, RIVER
ECOLOGY A N D MAN, 1972
LESTER V. CRALLEY, LEWIS T. CRALLEY, GEORGE D. CLAYTON, and J O H N A. JURGIEL,
editors, INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: The Worker and the
Community, 1972
MOHAMED K. YOUSEF, STEVEN M. HORVATH, and ROBERT W. BULLARD, PHYSIO-
LOGICAL ADAPTATIONS: Desert and Mountain, 1972
DOUGLAS H. K. LEE and PAUL KOTIN, editors, MULTIPLE FACTORS IN T H E
CAUSATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY I N D U C E D DISEASE, 1972
MERRIL EISENBUD, ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY, Second Edition,
1973
JAMES G. WILSON, E N V I R O N M E N T A N D BIRTH DEFECTS, 1973
RAYMOND C. LOEHR, AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: Problems,
Processes, and Approaches, 1974.
River Ecology and Man
EDITED BY
Ray T. Oglesby
Department of Natural Resources
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
Clarence A. Carlson
New York Cooperative Fisheries Unit
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
James A. McCann
Massachusetts Cooperative Fisheries Unit
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts
Proceedings of an International
Symposium on River Ecology and
the Impact of Man, Held at the
University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts,
June 20-23,1971
Academic PreSS ÇtfP) 1 9 7 2 N e w Y o r k S a n Francisco London
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
C O P Y R I G H T © 1972 , B Y A C A D E M I C P R E S S , I N C .
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM,
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OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM
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ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 75-182634
Second Printing, 1973
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ADVISORS TO SYMPOSIUM COMMITTEE
David J. Allee
Cornell University
H. B. N. Hynes
University of Waterloo
Stuart Neff
University of Louisville
Paul Ruggles
Canada Department of Fisheries
William C. Starrett
Illinois Natural History Survey
Richard Stroud
Sport Fishing Institute
Theodore P. Vande Sande
California Department of Fish and Game
IX
SYMPOSIUM COMMITTEE
Lyndon Bond, Program
Inland Fisheries and Game, Maine, Augusta, Maine
Clarence Carlson, Program Co-chairman and Co-editor
New York Cooperative Fisheries Unit, Ithaca, New York
William Dougherty, Arrangements
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, D. C.
Robert Jones, Chairman
Connecticut Board of Fisheries and Game, Milford, Connecticut
James McCann, Program Co-chairman and Co-editor
Massachusetts Cooperative Fisheries Unit, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts
Ray T. Oglesby, Editor
Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Christopher Percy, Publicity
Connecticut River Watershed Council, Greenfield, Massachusetts
Roger Reed, Arrangements
Massachusetts Cooperative Fisheries Unit, Amherst, Massachusetts
Lyle Thorpe, Finance
Northeast Utilities Service Company, Tolland, Connecticut
Dwight A. Webster, Program Coordinator
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
XI
CONTRIBUTORS
John Bardach, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, 1006 Natural Resources
Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
T. Blench, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Alberta,
Edmonton 7, Alberta, Canada
John L. Blum, Department of Botany, The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin
William A. Brungs, Fish Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Protection
Agency, Water Quality Office, 3411 Church Street, Newton,
Cincinnati, Ohio
John Cairns, Jr., Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
James Crutchfield, Department of Economics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
Kenneth W. Cummins, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State
University, Hickory Corners, Michigan
Robert R. Curry, Department of Geology, University of Montana, Missoula,
Montana
John D. Dingell, House of Representatives, House Office Building, Washington,
D.C.
H. A. Einstein, Department of Civil Engineering, 412 O'Brien Hall, University
of California, Berkeley, California
Jack C. Fraser, Premier's Department, Treasury Place, Melbourne, Victoria 3000,
Australia
Desmond Hammerton, Clyde River Purification Board, Rivers House, Murray
Road, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland
T. E. Langford, Central Electricity Generating Board, Ratcliff-on-Soar,
Nottingham, England
Xlll
CONTRIBUTORS
E. D. LeCren, Freshwater Biological Association, River Laboratory, East
Stoke, Wareham, Dorset, England
Justin W. Leonard, Department of Resource Planning and Conservation,
2006 Natural Resources Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
Reinhard Liepolt, Bundesenstalt für Wasserbiologie und Abwasserforschung,
Des bundesministeriums für Land und Forstwirtschaft, 1223 Wien,
Kaisermuhlenstrasse 120, Postfach 7, Vienna, Austria
Kenneth H. Mann, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Marine Ecology
Laboratory, Bedford Institute, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
DanielJ. Nelson, Ecological Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Ruth Patrick, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Walter M. Sanders, HI, Nutritional Pollutants Fate Research Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Water Quality Office, Southeast
Water Laboratory, College Station Road, Athens, Georgia
William C. Starrett, Illinois Natural History Survey Laboratory,
Havana, Illinois
Robert V. Thomann, Civil Engineering Department, Manhattan College, Bronx,
New York
Parker Trefethen, National Marine Fisheries Service, Biological Laboratory,
2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington
Theodore P. Vande Sande, Water Projects Branch, California Department of Fish
and Game, 1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento, California
♦Deceased.
XIV
FOREWORD
Informally the notion of a symposium on river ecology began in a motel
corridor in Bedford, New Hampshire, site of the 1968 Annual Meeting of the
Northeastern Division of the American Fisheries Society. This led to the appoint-
ment of an ad hoc committee to investigate the feasibility of Divisional sponsor-
ship, and ultimately to the appointment of a River Ecology Symposium Com-
mittee in September, 1969. To reach this decision, Division members drew
heavily on the counsel and experience of the Southern Division of the American
Fisheries Society, sponsors of the symposium on "Reservoir Fishery Resources"
at Athens, Georgia in 1967.
A significant early decision of the Symposium Committee was to invite a
group of fellow scientists to serve as advisors in determining format and content
of the symposium. The advisors, whose names are listed elsewhere, met with the
Committee in March, 1970 at the Cornell University Biological Field Station on
Oneida Lake. This two-day, freewheeling, "think tank" generated the basic struc-
ture of the symposium and the names of individuals qualified to make it a viable
and meaningful event. The retreat was surely one of the most stimulating and
satisfying activities for the Committee.
Sponsoring an international symposium takes financial backing, and the
years 1969-1971 were not the most auspicious ones in which to raise money
easily. Donations and grants are also acknowledged elsewhere, but one deserves
special comment. At the time the Committee was most pressed for money to
defray early operational expenses, an unexpected and unsolicited windfall oc-
curred. The Class of 1970, George School of Bucks County, Pennsylvania,
decided to forego their usual senior bash and, in its place, donate the money
anteed up by parents to an environmentally oriented project. Their Class Advisor,
Alan Sexton, learned of the symposium plans through the American Conservation
Foundation and a substantial contribution followed. It was a heartening gesture
viewed as an unselfish response of youth to the needs of the times, as well as a
response to the needs of the Committee for cash in hand at a critical time in
program development.
As funds were being gathered other activities proceeded apace, including
the selection of the new Lincoln Conference Center at the University of Massa-
chusetts as the symposium site and June 20-23, 1971 as the date. The program
co-chairmen and session chairmen obtained commitments from participants. Two
of these are not shown among the authors but both deserve special thanks for
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FOREWORD
their contributions to the program. These were Pete Seeger, the well-known folk
singer who volunteered his talents to inspire and challenge us all and Ron Bonn
of CBS News who vividly demonstrated the important role of the news media.
Regretfully, as this volume is in final stages of preparation, we must record
the death of William Starrett on December 30, 1971. He provided a contagious
enthusiasm as an advisor to the Committee and later participated importantly in
the symposium program. We gratefully and affectionately acknowledge his efforts
in the Division to stage a successful meeting. We are honored to have been
associated with Bill Starrett in this substantial contribution to the literature of
the aquatic sciences.
At some point (at what now seems the distant past) this undertaking by the
Northeastern Division of the American Fisheries Society became officially titled
"An International Symposium on River Ecology and the Impact of Man." From
time to time many of us associated with the events leading up to the meeting felt
that it was presumptious to believe that a topic of such complexity and enormity
could be handled by the resources, talent, and time at our disposal. Indeed, it
could not have been were it not for a cadre of devoted and diligent Division
members. We make no case for having preempted the subject by presumptious-
ness, but we trust we have achieved some focus on the state of the art as re-
ported by a diverse group of people and that these transactions will serve as a
base and departure point for further deliberations on the subject of river ecology.
Dwight A. Webster, Program Coordinator
Department of Natural Resources
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
xvi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Symposium Commitee thanks the following organizations for financial
assistance that helped make this Symposium a reality:
Northeast Utilities Service Co.
Hartford, Connecticut
George School, Class of 1970
Bucks County, Pennsylvania
The Conservation Foundation
Washington, D. C.
American Conservation Association
New York, New York
National Science Foundation
Washington, D. C.
New England Power Service Co.
Westboro, Massachusetts
Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Co.
Hartford, Connecticut
Sport Fishing Institute
Washington, D. C.
private foundations requesting anonymity.
xvii