Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 6582
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Martin Wirsing Matthias Hölzl (Eds.)
Rigorous Software
Engineering
for Service-Oriented
Systems
Results of the SENSORIA Project
on Software Engineering
for Service-Oriented Computing
1 3
VolumeEditors
MartinWirsing
Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen
InstitutfürInformatik
Oettingenstraße67
80538München,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]fi.lmu.de
MatthiasHölzl
Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen
InstitutfürInformatik
Oettingenstraße67
80538München,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]fi.lmu.de
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-20400-5 e-ISBN978-3-642-20401-2
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-20401-2
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011925495
CRSubjectClassification(1998):D.2,D.3
LNCSSublibrary:SL2–ProgrammingandSoftwareEngineering
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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Preface
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is a paradigm for developing and providing
software that can address many IT challenges, ranging from integrating legacy
systemstobuilding new,massivelydistributed,interoperable,evolvablesystems
andapplications.Governmentagenciesandenterprisesfrommanyeconomicsec-
tors have already adopted service-oriented architectures (SOAs) as the basis of
their IT infrastructure.The widespreaduse of SOAs demonstrates the practical
benefits of this approach, but it also raises the bar for reliability, security and
performance for IT providers, system integrators and software developers.
The initialimplementationsofSOAinindustry andpracticewereperformed
withoutaclearunderstandingofthetheoreticalfoundationsofSOC.Manychal-
lenges, such as dynamic automated composition, compensation of long-running
transactions, performance prediction, and security guarantees were not taken
into account; little support was available for using formal methods to validate
or verify SOA-based systems.
The Sensoria project has addressed these problems from first-principles,
buildingnoveltheories,methodsandtoolstosupportthe engineeringofservice-
oriented computing systems. Sensoria, an Integrated Project funded by the
European Commission in the period of 2005–2010, was one of three Integrated
ProjectsoftheGlobalComputingInitiativeofFET-IST,theFutureandEmerg-
ing Technologies action of the European Commission.
The Sensoria Consortium consisted of 13 universities, one research insti-
tute and four companies (two SMEs) from seven countries1; the project was
coordinated by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen. The scientific out-
put as well as the practical impact of Sensoria are impressive: more than
650 scientific articles were published, three start-up companies were founded,
morethan25studentsobtainedtheirPhDthesisforresearchwithintheproject;
Sensoria methods and techniques are taught in many university courses and
several summer schools were organized around the Sensoria topics.
ThisbookpresentsthemainresultsoftheSensoriaproject.Itshowsanovel
comprehensive approachto the design, formal analysis, automated deployment,
and reengineering of service-oriented applications. The Sensoria techniques
1 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at Mu¨nchen, Universit`a di Trento, University of Le-
icester, Warsaw University,Technical University of Denmark at Lyngby,Universit`a
diPisa,Universit`adiFirenze,Universit`adiBologna,IstitutodiScienzaeTecnologie
dellaInformazione“A.Faedo”,UniversityofLisbon,UniversityofEdinburgh,ATX
Software SA,Telecom Italia S.p.A., FAST GmbH,Budapest University of Technol-
ogyandEconomics,S&NAG,ImperialCollegeLondon(LondonSoftwareSystems),
University College London (London Software Systems), School of Management Po-
litecnico diMilano (MIP), ATXTechnologies SA,Cirquent GmbH.
VI Preface
enableserviceengineerstomodeltheirapplicationsonahighlevelofabstraction
using service-oriented modeling languages; automated model transformations
convertbetweenthesenotationsandformalcalculi.Thisenablestheprincipleof
“hidden formal methods”: Tools based on formal methods developed as part of
the project,e.g.,forcheckingthe functionalcorrectnessofservices,earlyperfor-
mance analysis, prediction of quantitative bottlenecks in collaborating services,
and verification of service level agreements, can be used by developers with-
out detailed knowledge of the underlying mathematical formalisms. Thereby
Sensoria integrates foundational theories, techniques and methods with prag-
matic software engineering for service-orientedarchitectures.
This book starts with short introductions to Sensoria and the Sensoria
case studies in the areas of e-finance, automotive engineering, telecommunica-
tions and e-university. The remainder of the book is divided into seven parts
corresponding to the research areas of Sensoria: modeling in service-oriented
architectures, calculi for service-oriented computing, service discovery, negoti-
ations and reconfiguration, qualitative analysis techniques for service-oriented
computing,quantitativetechniquesforqualityofserviceandservicelevelagree-
ments, model-driven development and reverse-engineering for service-oriented
systems, as well as case studies and patterns.
Many people contributed to the success of the Sensoria project. We offer
sincere thanks to all of them. We are particularly grateful to the EC project of-
ficer Wide Hogenhout for his continuing encouragement, patience and support.
We thank the projectreviewersJimDavis,Frantisek Plasil,Mathilde Romberg,
Wolfgang Schreiner and Carles Sierra for their always constructive and helpful
criticism and suggestions. We are also grateful to Springer for their helpful col-
laboration and assistance in producing this book. Our sincere thanks go to all
authorsfor the high quality oftheir scientific contributions andto the paper re-
viewers for careful reading and many suggestions for improvements. Finally, we
thank all Sensoria members for their excellent work, their inexhaustible effort
and never-ending enthusiasm for achieving the goals of the project.
November 2010 Martin Wirsing
Matthias Ho¨lzl
Table of Contents
I Intro
Sensoria – Software Engineering for Service-Oriented Overlay
Computers ...................................................... 1
Martin Wirsing, Matthias Ho¨lzl, Nora Koch, and Philip Mayer
A Unifying Formal Basis for the Sensoria Approach: A White
Paper .......................................................... 15
Ugo Montanari
Introduction to the Sensoria Case Studies ......................... 26
Jannis Elgner, Stefania Gnesi, Nora Koch, and Philip Mayer
II Modelling in Service-Oriented Architectures
UML Extensions for Service-Oriented Systems ....................... 35
Howard Foster, La´szlo´ Go¨nczy, Nora Koch, Philip Mayer,
Carlo Montangero, and Da´niel Varro´
The Sensoria Reference Modelling Language ....................... 61
Jos´e Fiadeiro, Ant´onia Lopes, Laura Bocchi, and Jo˜ao Abreu
Model-Driven Development of Adaptable Service-Oriented Business
Processes ....................................................... 115
Carlo Montangero, Stephan Reiff-Marganiec, and Laura Semini
A Formal Support to Business and Architectural Design for
Service-Oriented Systems ......................................... 133
Roberto Bruni, Howard Foster, Alberto Lluch Lafuente,
Ugo Montanari, and Emilio Tuosto
III Calculi for Service-Oriented Computing
Core Calculi for Service-Oriented Computing ........................ 153
Lu´ıs Caires, Rocco De Nicola, Rosario Pugliese,
Vasco T. Vasconcelos, and Gianluigi Zavattaro
BehavioralTheory for Session-OrientedCalculi ...................... 189
Ivan Lanese, Antonio Ravara, and Hugo Torres Vieira
VIII Table of Contents
Static Analysis Techniques for Session-Oriented Calculi ............... 214
Lucia Acciai, Chiara Bodei, Michele Boreale, Roberto Bruni, and
Hugo Torres Vieira
Call-by-Contractfor Service Discovery, Orchestrationand Recovery .... 232
Massimo Bartoletti, Pierpaolo Degano, Gian Luigi Ferrari, and
Roberto Zunino
IV Negotiations, Planning, and Reconfiguration
CC-Pi: A Constraint Language for Service Negotiation and
Composition .................................................... 262
Maria Grazia Buscemi and Ugo Montanari
Advanced Mechanisms for Service Composition, Query and
Discovery ....................................................... 282
Michele Boreale and Mario Bravetti
Advanced Mechanisms for Service Combination and Transactions ...... 302
Carla Ferreira, Ivan Lanese, Antonio Ravara,
Hugo Torres Vieira, and Gianluigi Zavattaro
Model-Driven Development of Long Running Transactions ............ 326
Vincenzo Ciancia, Gianluigi Ferrari, Roberto Guanciale,
Daniele Strollo, and Emilio Tuosto
Hierarchical Models for Service-Oriented Systems .................... 349
Roberto Bruni, Andrea Corradini, Fabio Gadducci,
Alberto Lluch Lafuente, and Ugo Montanari
V Qualitative Analysis Techniques for Service-Oriented
Computing
Analysing Protocol Stacks for Services.............................. 369
Han Gao, Flemming Nielson, and Hanne Riis Nielson
An Abstract, on the Fly Framework for the Verification of
Service-Oriented Systems ......................................... 390
Stefania Gnesi and Franco Mazzanti
Tools and Verification ............................................ 408
Massimo Bartoletti, Lu´ıs Caires, Ivan Lanese, Franco Mazzanti,
Davide Sangiorgi, Hugo Torres Vieira, and Roberto Zunino
Table of Contents IX
Specification and Analysis of Dynamically-Reconfigurable Service
Architectures.................................................... 428
Howard Foster, Arun Mukhija, David S. Rosenblum, and
Sebastian Uchitel
VI Quantitative Analysis Techniques for Service-Oriented
Computing
SoSL: A Service-OrientedStochastic Logic.......................... 447
Rocco De Nicola, Diego Latella, Michele Loreti, and Mieke Massink
Evaluating Service Level Agreements Using Observational Probes ...... 467
Allan Clark and Stephen Gilmore
Scaling Performance Analysis Using Fluid-Flow Approximation ........ 486
Mirco Tribastone and Stephen Gilmore
Passage-EndAnalysis for Analysing Robot Movement ................ 506
Allan Clark, Adam Duguid, and Stephen Gilmore
Quantitative Analysis of Services................................... 522
Igor Cappello, Allan Clark, Stephen Gilmore, Diego Latella,
Michele Loreti, Paola Quaglia, and Stefano Schivo
VII Model-Driven Development and Reverse-Engineering
for Service-Oriented Systems
Methodologies for Model-Driven Development and Deployment:
An Overview .................................................... 541
L´aszlo´ Go¨nczy, A´bel Hegedu¨s, and Da´niel Varro´
Advances in Model Transformations by Graph Transformation:
Specification, Execution and Analysis............................... 561
Ga´bor Bergmann, Artur Boronat, Reiko Heckel, Paolo Torrini,
Istva´n R´ath, and D´aniel Varr´o
Runtime Support for Dynamic and Adaptive Service Composition...... 585
Arun Mukhija, David S. Rosenblum, Howard Foster, and
Sebastian Uchitel
Legacy Transformations for Extracting Service Components ........... 604
Carlos Matos and Reiko Heckel
The Sensoria Development Environment........................... 622
Philip Mayer and Istva´n R´ath
X Table of Contents
VIII Case Studies and Patterns
Specification and Implementation of Demonstrators for the Case
Studies ......................................................... 640
Jannis Elgner, Stefania Gnesi, Nora Koch, and Philip Mayer
Sensoria Results Applied to the Case Studies ...................... 655
Maurice H. ter Beek
Analysing Robot Movement Using the Sensoria Methods ............ 678
Maurice H. ter Beek, Alessandro Lapadula, Michele Loreti, and
Claudio Palasciano
The Sensoria Approach Applied to the Finance Case Study .......... 698
Stefania Gnesi, Rosario Pugliese, and Francesco Tiezzi
Sensoria Patterns............................................... 719
Matthias H¨olzl, Nora Koch, Philip Mayer, and Martin Wirsing
Author Index.................................................. 737
Sensoria – Software Engineering for
(cid:2)
Service-Oriented Overlay Computers
Martin Wirsing, Matthias H¨olzl, Nora Koch, and Philip Mayer
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at Mu¨nchen, Germany
{wirsing,hoelzl,koch,mayer}@pst.ifi.lmu.de
Abstract. Service-Oriented Computing is a paradigm where services
areunderstoodasautonomous,platform-independentcomputationalen-
tities that can be described, published, categorized, discovered, and dy-
namicallyassembledfordevelopingmassivelydistributed,interoperable,
evolvable systems and applications. These characteristics have pushed
service-oriented computing towards nowadays widespread success,
demonstratedbythefactthatmanylargecompaniesinvestedalotofef-
fortsandresourcestopromoteservicedeliveryonavarietyofcomputing
platforms, mostly through the Internet in the form of Web services. In
thepast,service-orientedcomputinganddevelopmenthasbeendoneina
pragmatic,mostlyad-hocway.Theoreticalfoundationsweremissingthat
areneededfortrustedinteroperability,predictablecompositionality,and
qualityissueslikesecurity,correctness,orresourceusage. TheIST-FET
integrated project Sensoria has addressed these issues by developing
a novel comprehensive approach to the engineering of service-oriented
software systems where foundational theories, techniques and methods
are fully integrated in a pragmatic software engineering approach, sup-
porting semi-automatic development and deployment of self-adaptable
(composite) services.
1 Introduction
Sellingservicesratherthanhardwareorsoftwarehasbecomethebiggestgrowth
business in the computing industry. Business in this area has already evolved
fromrelativelysimple(customer)servicestoglobalcomplex(business)solutions.
Computing is becoming a utility and software a service. This trend is changing
the economics of IT industry and influences the e-Society as a whole.
In the service-oriented computing (SOC) paradigm, services are understood
as autonomous, platform independent computational entities that can be de-
scribed, published, discovered, and dynamically assembled for developing mas-
sively distributed, interoperable, evolvable systems. Today, services are being
delivered on a variety of computing platforms, mostly through the Web, Per-
sonal Digital Assistants, and mobile phones. Tomorrow, they will be delivered
on all kinds of global computers and a plethora of new services will be required
(cid:2) Thiswork has beenpartially sponsored bytheproject Sensoria,IST-2005-016004.
M.WirsingandM.H¨olzl(Eds.):SensoriaProject,LNCS6582,pp.1–14,2011.
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
