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296 Pages·2017·3.9 MB·English

PATHOGENIC AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. AND THE
MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT DISEASE

By
S.M. PURUSHOTHAMAN

THESIS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture
Faculty of Agriculture
Kerala Agricultural University

Department of Plant Pathology
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR - 680 656
KERALA, INDIA
2013

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Pathogenic and genetic variability in
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. and the management of
bacterial blight disease” is a bonafide record of research work done by me during the
course of research and that the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of
any degree, diploma, fellowship or other similar title, of any other university or society.

Vellanikkara S.M. Purushothaman
Date: 31.01.2013 (2006-21-110)

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Dr. T.J. Rehumath Niza

(Major Advisor, Advisory Committee)
Professor (Plant Pathology)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Thrissur

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this thesis, entitled “Pathogenic and genetic variability in
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. and the management of
bacterial blight disease” is a record of research work done independently by Sri. S.M.
Purushothaman (2006-21-110) under my guidance and supervision and that it has not
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, fellowship or
associateship to him.

Vellanikkara Dr. T.J. Rehumath Niza
31.01.2013 (Major Advisor, Advisory Committee)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The humble researcher bows his head before the God Almighty.

I am ineffable in expressing my deep sense of gratitude, respect, admiration and
obligation to Prof. (Dr.) T.J. Rehumath Niza, Professor, Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
Thrissur and my Research Advisor. Her vision, prayers and diligent efforts were the
spring board and guiding light for this investigation. Her academic and research brilliance
in rice, supplemented by her empathetic approach, wise counsel, commitment and
indefatigable stamina have gone a long way in molding this thesis. I will always
remember the extreme patience, understanding and affection shown by her. I consider
myself very fortunate in having the privilege of being guided by her.
I am most grateful to Prof. (Dr.) Koshy Abraham, Head, Department of Plant
Pathology, for the meticulous help, unwavering encouragement, forbearance, well timed
support and critical scrutiny of the manuscript which has helped a lot for the
improvement and preparation of the thesis.
It gives me heartfelt pleasure in placing on record and sincere expression of deep
sense of gratitude to Dr. Sally K Mathew, Professor and former Head, Department of
Plant Pathology for her meticulous supervision, keen interest, candid suggestions and
abundant affection evinced during the course of this study.
I am delighted to acknowledge my other advisory committee members Prof. (Dr.)
S. Ravi, Associate Director (Extension), and Prof. (Dr.) D. Girija, Head, Department of
Microbiology for their sustained help rendered during the course of this research work.
I thankfully acknowledge Prof. (Dr.) S. Beena, Department of Plant Pathology,
College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara for her affection, good guidance and well timed
support which has helped a lot for the improvement and preparation of the thesis.
I earnestly keep on record the encouragement and all the advice and help rendered
by Prof. (Dr.) Sheela Paul, Dr. Vimi Louis, Associate Professor, Dr. Surendragopal,
Associate Professor and Dr. Sainamole Kurien, Associate Professor.

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My sincere and profound thanks to Prof. S. Krishnan and Prof. (Dr.) P.
Ahamed, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara for their help and encouragement.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. M. Surendran, Assistant Professor, RRS,
Moncompu for his valuable assistance during the field work and support during the course
of study.

The encouragement and help rendered by the Ph.D scholars Mrs. Deepa James,
Mrs. Gleena Mary, C.F. and Ms. Remya, J.S. are gratefully acknowledged.

I am thankful to Prof. (Dr.) P.V. Balachandran, Prof. (Dr.) Pathummal Beevi,
Prof. (Dr.) I. John Kutty, and Prof. (Dr.) Jyothi, M.L., who were the Associate
Directors of Research in RARS, Pattambi during the course of this Doctoral programme,
for permitting and encouraging me to take up this research endeavour, besides rendering
the facilities.

I wish to place on record the help rendered to me by my colleagues of RARS
Pattambi, Dr. Ilangovan Ramaswamy, Associate Professor (Agronomy),
Dr.K.Karthikeyan, Associate Professor, Sri. B.Ranjan and Dr. Ambili S Nair,
Assistant Professors and Sri. Rajasekharan, Farm superintendent, RARS,
Pattambi.

The sincere and toiling farmers of the 14 locations of the survey deserve special
mention and obligation for being with me during the field investigation, despite their
busy schedule.

I am deeply obliged to the authorities of the Kerala Agricultural University for
permitting me to do this Doctoral work as an in-service candidate.

My friends Mr. Nithin and Mr. Shebin of the Centre for E-Learning; Mr.
Dhanesh, Senior PG Student of Agricultural Statistics, and Mr. Aravind of the Students’
Computer Lab of the College of Horticulture; and Mr. Gopi of Kala Studio, Pattambi
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have made untiring efforts in the photography, printing and graphics works of the thesis. I
owe them a lot.

Finally, I must once again and forever acknowledge that I am eternally grateful to
the Almighty God who drives me along.

S.M. Purushothaman

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CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

4 RESULTS

5 DISCUSSION

6 SUMMARY

7 REFERENCES

8 APPENDICES

9 ABSTRACT

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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title Page No
No.
1. Occurrence of bacterial blight disease in three districts of Kerala
X.oryzae pv.oryzae isolates obtained from different locations of
2.
Kerala
Cultural and morphological characteristics of rice bacterial blight
3.
isolates
4. Biochemical characters of the bacterial blight disease
Bacterial blight reaction of Athimani isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.1
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Erattakulam isolate on twenty cultivated
5.2
rice varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Kodallur isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.3
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Manchira isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.4
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Nenmara isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.5
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Parali isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.6
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Pattambi isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.7
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Polpully isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.8
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Akamala isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.9
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Kodakara isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.10
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Mannuthy isolate on twenty cultivated
5.11
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rice varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Edathua isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.12
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Karuvatta isolate on twenty cultivated rice
5.13
varieties
Bacterial blight reaction of Moncombu isolate on twenty cultivated
5.14
rice varieties
Pathogenic variability of X.oryzae pv.oryzae isolates on different rice
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varieties
Reaction of Makaram variety to fourteen isolates of X.oryzae
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pv.oryzae
Bacterial blight reaction of Athimani isolate on near isogenic lines and
8.1
rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Erattakulam isolate on near isogenic lines
8.2
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Kodallur isolate on near isogenic lines
8.3
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Manchira isolate on near isogenic lines
8.4
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Nenmara isolate on near isogenic lines
8.5
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Parali isolate on near isogenic lines and
8.6
rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Pattambi isolate on near isogenic lines and
8.7
rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Polpully isolate on near isogenic lines and
8.8
rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Akamala isolate on near isogenic lines
8.9
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Kodakara isolate on near isogenic lines
8.10
and rice differentials
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Bacterial blight reaction of Mannuthy isolate on near isogenic lines
8.11
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Edathua isolate on near isogenic lines and
8.12
rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Karuvatta isolate on near isogenic lines
8.13
and rice differentials
Bacterial blight reaction of Moncombu isolate on near isogenic lines
8.14
and rice differentials
Pathogenic variability of X.oryzae pv.oryzae isolates on near isogenic
9a
lines and rice differentials
Reaction of near isogenic line IRBB-60 to fourteen isolates of
9b
X.oryzae pv.oryzae
Kresek symptom development of Athimani isolate on twenty
10.1
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Erattakulam isolate on twenty
10.2
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Kodallur isolate on twenty
10.3
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Manchira isolate on twenty
10.4
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Nenmara isolate on twenty
10.5
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Parali isolate on twenty cultivated
10.6
rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Pattambi isolate on twenty
10.7
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Polpully isolate on twenty
10.8
cultivated rice varieties
Kresek symptom development of Akamala isolate on twenty
10.9
cultivated rice varieties
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