RHYNCHOSPORA LEPTOCARPA (CYPERACEAE), AN OVERLOOKED SPECIES OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

9 Pages·2000·5 MB·English

by  Bruce A Sorrie

i
RHYNCHOSPORA
LEPTOCARPA
(CYPERACEAE),
AN
OVERLOOKED
OF THE
SPECIES
SOUTHEASTERN
UNITED
STATES
Bruce
A.Sorrie
f , - , . / , ' ,- , ; :
/." -L
11' f'i-1
,
ABSTRACT
Based or
mniiiholnijif.il
ar,iiy.
mensural. imiqu,
iiuimIh',' of ml,
smaBasoo
:-"l.7/.^--, or the rooif'vi ease of finding ft/eprocarpa in suit
(
eUMI
N
Ml
6amn
mnrio
r-
analis's
:josi? a
:
.spec diforente. Antique clatamet
in
INTRODUCTION
Rhynchosporaleptocarpa{Cha\nM inn
n .nun d as distinct entity
a
ill lit
* i I < t
A.W.Chapman mil m
by mil
lun M mihor of Flora of the
itit -I J
it
i
I i
r
Southern United (Chapman unou hnpman
States 1860, 188 did not pub-
'
1, i,
>, > c
the name, although he had prepared manuscript
lish a (fide Britton 892). the three
In
1
Chapman
editions of his Flora, does not mention 1892 published
this entity.ln Britton
it
R.glomerota Chapm. and mnge
as (L.)Vahl var. leptocarpo ascribed to of South Caro-
a
it
um
and Alabama.
lina, Florida, Later, Blake (1918) Itim no tangle by
r split-
i ,
more
ting off the generally northern R.capitellata (Michx.) Vahl from the more southern
glomemta.
R. Blake treated the entity as capitellata leptocarpo (Chapm. ex
R. var.
Britt.)
and
Blake provided a brief Latin diagnosis. Blake gave range as Virginia to Florida and
its
second
Mississippi. the edition of Small
In his Flora, (1933) raised to species status
full
it
(without explanataion and
or discussion) provicf tin mil >m| te English descrip-
f
I
tion available. Small gave its range as South Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. In her
monograph
of the section Eurhynchospora, Gale (1944) reduced not to varietal status,
it
but to complete synonymy under capitellata. Although she treated two other botani-
R.
cal forms of R.capitellata, Gale omitted any discussion oftaxon leptocarpa, possibly due
Wooten
ClewelK Godfrey and
notably 985), 979), Jc
1
1 (
do
968),andWunderlin not
Radford etal.O (1998),
,
hnqtum
ognlze R.leptoca ;h anv lev .None ofthe sta-te Natural Herilacie s within
i ,:\\
i
bler
tangi ot R.k nh> aipa coqn lists as cept foi North Caroli na.Thei
ii it
i
Anderson
Rh\" nil" lot those of
references to :' itui at
• < ' < , 1 t -
Some panhandle
and Mil n Florida
(1995) iM in in tin
'
il * ' i II I I i
complex
tlutiA
andtreated/e/ u apitellata
n.
it n k >
> i j , i ,
needed that leptocarpa
furthei R.
I
may wananl renewed
status,
ml
Myattenlion mi n hiImIiiN Ium ollected plants
u
il
ti |i it
i t I |
uM
km
1992 on Fort n nt a lare species sur-
in Ri 1 it tl if
>
, i i |
vey.Although II ml im ^ n '> n) jnd Gale (1944),
thes« n
pi
lit i
if ' I i
I
New
do pkmi An ttom England
her plants did not >m,ibk as R.capitellata.
I, i<
- . I
VIA A"A v,
Sl/V '- IA'
IF i iVl'-'i
I
m
Specimens dutinq the course of
of R/n " ih Id
H
i I I
i
uokna Iheo iw
N
botanical survey . n u n tl
il
v I I I 1
i 1
ufpkment ma DUKE, FLAS,FSU,
-n
h
A- i is it hi it ' it ill
I
| i i
GA, GH, IBE, NCSA, NC SVVM LIS, USA, VI )U. From ac toss the tange of each species, five
1 1,
,
w
In
achene qth
lowing le
n ith
( i t i I i ' i ' i I i I I t I t I |
anih bristles relative to tubercle (e.g., the length that tin 1 bristles exceed the tip of the
Measurements were made = Counts
tubercle). also olth. |i ters (n 50).
111 *
i i
i I
were made of the number of spikeks clusters nereulm and tlm- number of glomerules
=
node
nlloreseence
pet (n 50).
Notes on habitat were made ovet SO sues supplemented by her-
at in trie fieid,
iii
barium label data K,n in In in atla r es,herbarium
it It ii il ji
i ' | i I
mum
m
Herbarium hi
actot nil
\ t II It t t I i | i il
RESULTS AN!
Distinguishing characters
m
mi
nospora leptocarpa
M< n ut k is u
1 1 it i t t i it i 1 1 I i t it i i i i
mt
differs ttom R.capiieiiairi n east tour ways.
,t it
it i|
Rhvnd
hero! >r> net <• p sses 5 H In
I- < ' > <
oAoemaA" acu spike A composed of neaddiko glomet
.si nA.Ao. or lustei S
, i
I
assume
a turbinate shape, rather than the broadly ovoid to hemispherical shape
of
R.
capitellata.
Achene body nV
3) anrft<^< / Mitv >ugh the combined length of body and
>
.
tubercle similar the two speu< Body
is in n utter length of R.leptocarpa
tf
.- t
f
Ut
averages than
lone m ,",, bui averages
,,; f n ith shorter.
j.
, i ; |, ,
length— A
remit
4) Bristle striking / ,-,; that the bristles always exceed
o>
_ ;, ,
(
.
the tubercle (in rare instances nn Ttl bristle may be egual or slightly shorter).
'
Moreover, the longest um mm.
bristle 'ubercle by
at least 0.5
i >\ , . I i .. In R.
capitellata, bristles normally are slightly shorter than the tubercle, but the longest
bristle
There
are qualitative haia let h iinou the two
In. species.
e <
i
i , I I ,
The tM M
three ate mil
first 1 it
t ' n it ntification.
i i I , . I
1)—
Plants leptocarpa found' in many
of/?, n h hi. h >a lazy culms
r < li it. _>
pendent
of flooding or event mi iM
although more-
fire q ^
I I , i '
strongly ascending. Anderson 995) reports 30-40 culms R.leptocarpa and
(1 for in Florida,
the norm. Herbarium specimens
almost number
is invariably consist of a lesser of culms,
because whole
plants are rarely collected.
2)—
and
Foliage culms of R.leptocarpa are light green, often glaucescent;those
of/?.
medium
/ f .' it.- to dark green. These differences are retained dried specimens
^ in
;
sunn
unri to he independent of light levels. For exampr mowing
clear-
in
, , , ,
ings created by logging or military activity show the same pale coloration those grow-
as
ing shade. same
in Similarly, R.capitellata retains the dark coloration dense alder
in thick-
hit
—
d ni
n
3) Spikelet clu n hi
' il ' *
t i t < |
occur
jlomerules
-Numbei
il>m ink pil iust< in
A)
>t i <
| t
mles are paired or
pans n
singly or
in it tl ill
it t t I i i
Combined
branched
2-3"heads';arising from separate or stalks.
tripled-there clearly are
much
m n broader
with greater gloim ty
tliii ml il t
>
i I
bmwn
(umbo)
bulge
Mature acholic color pale with a pain cntial in R.
is
5) i
more bulge
leptocarpa; dark brown with a contrasting pale in R.capitellata.
than
6)— The base of the achene narrows into a shorter stipe in R.lep to carpa in/?.
IhiW
uw'e/T'uWis depicted bv IGike
(
:
Habitat
mad
Mn d rangeof moistto wet,mostly
The widespread
uf u
t
, , .
mm
tin
mek pond and
open from if e banks, lake shores,
habitats, n n
beaver ponds, peat h 'n itpo very limited in
n is
lit
1 1 > i I i I I I i i
e. commu-
o,w
,phagnous streamhead
habitat prefeieiin o! 10 ilm n
its
water from seepage
eceive
within longleaf pine
nities
<
which discharges from adjac ent uplands and form the head ends and upper portions of
theden-
imed"streamhead pocosins/'dueto
drainage
creeks. In tie h in ill n t«
i
shrubs them, larther south and on the Gulf ConstalGaiiethey are called"baygalls,"
of
sity in
Persea
due to the presence of "bay" species: sweet b << to L; red bay,
i ,
Nh
embedded
mesic
po/ustn's (Raf.)Sarg.; loblolly bay, Gordonia lasiantl is Flic n in a
1
community
occurs frequently on the Gulf Coastal Plain, the baygal is called a
ravine, as
m gn G but narrowness of such
"steephead." of iuGit.it Ion tin
All tin
< t I
streamheads normally allows for mkjht to in horn the sides. There, R.
fill
t
t
open-
semi-shade and shrubs.ancl especially small
leptocarpa occurs the of trees in
in tall
where
lieut downstream,
ings created by blovwli tin iiit ti li tuil it c
1 1 i i i i I
flooding becomes too frequent or of long duration ' e; to arpa is absent. Table 2 lists
inn
W
Gjyer/eeworo u iGt h in u
' u t
, i i ' i i / , i i \
ponds and hum mi unli ibntnies enter.One speci-
beaver nil
ti
it t
I i
|
men Got mum, d tiom 'pitcher plant bog,"
from southern .unr eel Ic\ a
nl t.
' , i
G
G
amheads. Ander-
presumably from h u n ti
tli ' ill it t
I
i
mIui panhandle
son repot null lo h in Florida;
(1995) ^ iti
it
t ' li i[ i i I
the only record from a near-maritime habitat.
it is
AND
SHRUBS
VINES
m m
Missouri, and Arkansas. Howevent ihu: mi- miti^ an ind ib >\
tl
li
I i i
the rest of the southern Atlantic and Las; Gulf Coastal Plains.
mm
southern Aikans 'ml Smith but
In u 988),
/ i 1
t I I
m
question whether spcimen-, nttn thm< .pecimens have
all jrt hi in re-
tl
- I -
cently been annotated to glomerata: Bradley Co., Demaree 24539 (NCU); Hempstead
R.
Co., Demaree 54102 (NCU); Pulaski Co., Merrill 183 (GH).
m
In Louisiana, Thomas and Allmi 1" n a '< /' e parishes, but two
1 < , ir ii
cited specimens are actuall nas 72521 (NLU);
Rapides Thomas 40834 addition, specimens from Grant, Morehouse,
Parish, (Nl U). In
Ouachita, Rapides, Sabine, and Vernon parishes (FSU, NCU, NLU) prove not to be
R.
capitellata. /\(Jn\or\ Parish specimen equivocal thea< henevi/c closer to R.glomerata,
is is
shape pecimens from Red
but closer to R.capiteHa. Ml -
is II
< i t -
and Winn were by Thomas and
River parishes that cited Allen.
mi
Two spteumm
east Texas Until rpora capitellata:
i ' >
I '
Henderson Co., Correll 26688 (GH); Smith Co., Moore, 888 (GH). Both were collected in
Jr.
hillside seepage boqs.A Leon County collection, also from a bog, proves to be R.glomerata
WeM
vaf.angusta Gale, an overlooked taxon of the uuii oastal Plain:6or/c/ey 13505 (GH,US).
(
m
Rhynchospou n indLi
icr' nti
'
i I i i i I
New
Coastal Plains occurs from the vicinity of Orleans, Louisiana, eastward to
(Fig. 1).lt
Tallahassee, Florida and adjacent Georgia, then reappears the Sandhills region of the
in
almas uuent the outer por
mi
i
i ii I i I I i i i i I i i ii
tion of the Atlantic Coastal ICiuc [his distribution nathan a Gull Coastal Plain compo-
m
cies(5orrieetaMQ^ M imooc? which
tn hit. >< (C.B.Clarke) Small,
- - - ,
i t
mi ha ut open oo| 01 uliacent (o tn mihe ids and baygalls.
i<
I 1 1
'
lp
tlr lit I 1 -I ,-f II ll 'l III P 111 1
| I
glaciation cycles forced the ancestral entity
i
I i
deep onto the coastal Once
tes) plain.
there, this entity survived in open wet haL'it mil Ik farther north, and
i < i. i i > i
also by adapting to localized cool-water environments shady streamheads. Retreat of
in
inn
glaciers allowed the ancestral emit nth. .aid, while the newly adapted en-
r
, i i
n mi
of southern stu imh n have been involved
tity
hi
I i. I il il I
i
may
complete tn have occupied southern
to speciatkJii -It. iivj n J tnity a
,,i.
i
range;during glacial tun mI hi m hi Opt to a broad suite of
* I I . I
|
cool-water habitats as they migrated northward.
:;,
:'•
KiMjrcv-nntiv: .peamens.l he Ollov'/", "..iOv from tOouohout
;v- >eci:-ii "'s i
,|
i
ALABAMA:
of Rhynchospora lephx uipa nuiinJu.l nt> Baldwin Co.:freguent
1I1 t .I II
mm
m wooded
wet stream Hinge, 26 Jun 1993,
ith L.C.
\\
i i !• i
Anderson 14393 (FSU). Geneva Co.: nut -^ m h Sa n ,un sphagnous headwaters of
,".'
.
tributary of Pea River,3 Aug 1996.AA Some 8960 (bas,NCU).Mobile Co.: pine woods nearthe coast,
M
CMohrsn
h Nov Powers
Jul 1879, (U <[l it! 2 1980,
1 i i | I i I i I
(USA). FLORIDA:Gadsden Co.: Cum.; u (GH). Liberty Co.: hammock on road
s.n
, ,
12 near Bristol, 22 Jul 1940, Western* Fl Santa Rosa Co.: 5 mi. N of Milton, local in
\ > <
^
mm
.7 O
dense sweet bay-C//fnn h t Fi jlin Air Force Base, bay
t il 1 t I
swamp O " m^n upland
near head of steephead u. Bridges /2567(NCU).
ravin. \\'< p
i . t . i
Hh^niin
swamp 1897,/\HG;n
55250 (GA,GH); near DeFuniak Springs, 6 Jul 'n,i
^
I
Washington II nn pond, Sep
US) Co.: 2 989,
n
t
1 1
i i i - \ i , i I | .
and GEORGIA: Decatur wet woods Whigham, Aug
Orzell Bridges 1883 (NCU). Co.: near 10
5. E.
1
CO
,n
m
common
1901, R.M.Harper 1185 (US). Liberty Co.: - > ! ally in full
i
Thomas
shade, stems 9 Jul Co.: low wet woods along
lax, 1 ' < < r
nearThoinasMlh 14^ uDUKE). Worth densely shaded
small stream, Co.:
r
s.nnp New
sphagnum LOUISIANA: Orleans
pocket Parish:
in .1 . t • < • - Hi.
S' MISSISSIPP Simps
Orleans, Ingalls
Tracy8616 (GH, US). Stone Co.: Univei -h Wiie Road and E of route
it ,' >i if
t i I i
in
NORTH
mossy headwater Link NCU). CARO-
ot il
5, hi
1
I i in 1 1
M
Hoke mucky
LINA: Co.: Foil h In ul' In inous soil of
' [
I t i t i i i i i
"'.
streamhead pocosin,25 Oct 1991, B.A '» <rr H bas, ; rt Bragg n troop trail through branch
m
"
ofNicholson Creek gio him pi tri tin un .orr/e 7002 (bas, NCU).
,i
i I
| |
Moore m O
urn through
Co.: Sandhills tributary of
F h II-
( j t 1 i I I
Ow
Deep Richmond Game Fand.WofSR
Creek,4 Sep - Co.: sandhills
J I
1003,tributaryofNahdi h. rn i- n Sep 1997, Some
h n, „ in B.A.
- I i- I I, I ,r
f
9490 (bas, FSU,GA,GH, NCU, VDB).Scotland Co.: Ca U \rm boggy depression bor-
.11 i,
i| I
I
ml
mo 1-2 OJ, Game
deringfloodplainofFt.ownin.ii Land, head-
Hulls
>. it,.
•' bOUI M CAROLINA: Aiken
ary 1994,1 7 Au<i Co.: Aiken,
-
I
r.lWBtc Co
Batsc Chesterfield Refuge, mi,S
4.2
nils
, I
of jet. of SC 109 on SC 145,76 Jul 99-1, R. Krai 83865 (VDB). Darlington Co.: Hartsville, flats across
1
from paper 1909, CCokers.n. (NCU).
mill, 5 Jul
147
- isporaleptocarpa
in h
I , itt t i I it r t t ti I ii t i I i ' '
i t
m
mcml mhnl.
not but hi tmns, have encoun-
rare
is In L -u r« ,|h*
i!
I •,. ,
I
m
tered at 40 sites from Notth atoltnu ,,t|pi p leptocarpa not
it i iui j >ia is
me
hi widely
difficult to find in n( A/hich
111 h.- is
Ii t il
| t [ i t i I i i i i
mu imh
distributed over it ru ads are usually very
tl 1111 tl
I -
I I I I
f
h
shrubby and tangled in > ilm inn mi pi iickKvLk n
nit In
i I I t
i
most easily detected- July to mid September e our' ol formidable heat and hu
it is
m
onous
midity.Addinsect^ - plants [Toxicodendron vernix Kuntzc),
(L.)
i i i i
and resemblance lo ml ih vtphala), and there
nil
> ' ' - i • , ,
i
Im mill
Lindera subcoriact nn ml Mjut subsequently
n
i i i i I
has been documented liom ovei eioht Mate he two species co-occur
fiftv site, in at
1
,.
I
several sites in th and conver
>n
mo
sionoflongleafeuo, jk many more
n
n n h lit r to vield
f l\
. i i t
h
ul it '
i
I
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
'Cm
work mev
Field in North Ii ihmt II Ih >n the North Caro-
( i I
mourn um
mi
lina Natural Heritage un the state Wildlife Re-
iilit.n
it,
I I I i / i > i t I
sources Commission. Field woif [[i Im Albritton of the
i.Jii -
1
i 1 I
UMISS
Forest Landsjulie Moot, n e Leonard, and Rot ind Alabama, Finch
In Bill
' '
i<
guided metoseveiul Im quoiuv koojtomt Mteo.iiiehem hilou.i contibuted many pleas
hi
i
ant hours and nun inh genusd thank
afield
^| staff
It
( i I | t t t t ii
of the following herbaria for access to collections: DUKE, FLAS, FSU, GA, GH, IBE, NCSC,
am
NCU, NLU, SWSL, US, USA, USCFI.VDB. indebted to and an anonymous
re-
R. Ki.il
I
Ml
st e
il
I t I
nth, to n th in' tda 16:581-587.
ii t Ii
| I t I i I
Clayton herbarium. Rhodora
in S0:d -28.
1
m
species of the o m. h^nJiospora occ
t i > , I '
ew
York Acad. So. 11:74-93.
1883. Flora of
New
Company, N x
York,
1897. Flora oft
New
pany, York, NY.
Guide
iewell,A.F. 1985. to
of Florida, lallahassee.
LEPTOCARPA, AN OVERLOOKED SPECIES 147
and
Godfrey, R.K. slants of southeastern United
J
States. Vol. Univ. of Georgia Press, Athens.
1.
H N G and
S L K l E b h "t the vascular plants ofTexas. Texas
in
h ,t
i
I I
A& M
Agric. Exp. Texas Urn tation
Sta.,
it <\\< l
. i
Holmgren, P.K., N.H.Holmgren, and L.C. Barneii (eds.). 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part 1:The
Hn nN
Herbaria of the World, Garden,
Bronx, NY.
i,ti >ta> u al
il
-
, i
Joni s, S.B., Jr. and N.P.P >r ,l II ih r' iht in of Georgia. Dept. of
• 1 I i ' i . i 11
Botany, University of Georgia, Athens.
KARTEsz,J.T.1994.Asynonymized checklist of the vascular of the United Canada,
flora States,
and Greenland. Second ed iPi- Oregon.
1 Pottland,
1
t
i
Am
and Manual
Radi ord, A.E., H.E. ls, C.R. Bell. 968. of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
1
University of North Carolina Press,Chapel
Hill.
An and annotated 2nd
Smith, E.B. 988. atlas of the vascular plants of Arkansas. ed.
list
1
nandMJP Pm*
Camp
Sorril,B.A.,B.vanEeri from Fort Bragg and
t|
<
1 i
-259.
Dept. &
Wildlife r Field Office, Baton