RF Power Amplifiers

428 Pages·2008·7.17 MB·English

by  Dr. Marian K. Kazimierczuk

RF Power Amplifiers

RF Power Amplifiers
MARIAN K. KAZIMIERCZUK
Wright State University,
Dayton, Ohio, USA
A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Kazimierczuk,Marian.
RFpoweramplifiers/MarianK.Kazimierczuk.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-77946-0 (cloth)
1. Poweramplifiers.2. Amplifiers,Radiofrequency.I.Title.
TK7871.58.P6K392008
621.384(cid:1)12–dc22
2008032215
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ISBN:978-0-470-77946-0
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To My Mother

Contents
Preface xv
About the Author xvii
List of Symbols xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Block Diagram of RF Power Amplifiers 1
1.2 Classes of Operation of RF Power Amplifiers 3
1.3 Parameters of RF Power Amplifiers 5
1.4 Conditions for 100% Efficiency of Power Amplifiers 7
1.5 Conditions for Nonzero Output Power at 100% Efficiency of
Power Amplifiers 10
1.6 Output Power of Class E ZVS Amplifier 11
1.7 Class E ZCS Amplifier 14
1.8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 16
1.9 Frequency Spectrum 19
1.10 Duplexing 21
1.11 Multiple-access Techniques 21
1.12 Nonlinear Distortion in Transmitters 22
1.13 Harmonics of Carrier Frequency 23
1.14 Intermodulation 25
1.15 Dynamic Range of Power Amplifiers 27
1.16 Analog Modulation 28
1.16.1 Amplitude Modulation 29
1.16.2 Phase Modulation 32
1.16.3 Frequency Modulation 33
1.17 Digital Modulation 36
1.17.1 Amplitude-shift Keying 36
1.17.2 Phase-shift Keying 37
1.17.3 Frequency-shift Keying 38
1.18 Radars 39
1.19 Radio-frequency Identification 40
1.20 Summary 40
viii CONTENTS
1.21 References 42
1.22 Review Questions 42
1.23 Problems 43
2 Class A RF Power Amplifier 45
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 Circuit of Class A RF Power Amplifier 45
2.3 Power MOSFET Characteristics 47
2.4 Waveforms of Class A RF Amplifier 52
2.5 Parameters of Class A RF Power Amplifier 56
2.6 Parallel-resonant Circuit 59
2.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Parallel Resonant Circuit 62
2.8 Impedance Matching Circuits 66
2.9 Class A RF Linear Amplifier 69
2.9.1 Amplifier of Variable-envelope Signals 69
2.9.2 Amplifiers of Constant-envelope Signals 70
2.10 Summary 71
2.11 References 71
2.12 Review Questions 72
2.13 Problems 72
3 Class AB, B, and C RF Power Amplifiers 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Class B RF Power Amplifier 75
3.2.1 Circuit of Class B RF Power Amplifier 75
3.2.2 Waveforms of Class B Amplifier 76
3.2.3 Power Relationships in Class B Amplifier 78
3.2.4 Efficiency of Class B Amplifier 80
3.3 Class AB and C RF Power Amplifiers 82
3.3.1 Waveforms of Class AB and C RF Power Amplifiers 82
3.3.2 Power of the Class AB, B, and C Amplifiers 86
3.3.3 Efficiency of the Class AB, B, and C Amplifiers 88
3.3.4 Parameters of Class AB Amplifier at θ =120◦ 89
3.3.5 Parameters of Class C Amplifier at θ =60◦ 91
3.3.6 Parameters of Class C Amplifier at θ =45◦ 93
3.4 Push-pull Complementary Class AB, B, and C RF Power
Amplifiers 95
3.4.1 Circuit 95
3.4.2 Even Harmonic Cancellation in Push-pull Amplifiers 96
3.4.3 Power Relationships 97
3.4.4 Device Stresses 98
3.5 Transformer-coupled Class B Push-pull Amplifier 99
3.5.1 Waveforms 99
3.5.2 Power Relationships 102
3.5.3 Device Stresses 102
3.6 Class AB, B, and C Amplifiers of Variable-envelope Signals 105
3.7 Summary 107
3.8 References 107
CONTENTS ix
3.9 Review Questions 108
3.10 Problems 108
4 Class D RF Power Amplifiers 109
4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 Circuit Description 110
4.3 Principle of Operation 114
4.3.1 Operation Below Resonance 115
4.3.2 Operation Above Resonance 118
4.4 Topologies of Class D Voltage-source RF Power Amplifiers 119
4.5 Analysis 121
4.5.1 Assumptions 121
4.5.2 Series-resonant Circuit 121
4.5.3 Input Impedance of Series-resonant Circuit 124
4.5.4 Currents, Voltages, and Powers 124
4.5.5 Current and Voltage Stresses 129
4.5.6 Operation Under Short-circuit and Open-circuit
Conditions 133
4.6 Voltage Transfer Function 134
4.7 Bandwidth of Class D Amplifier 136
4.8 Efficiency of Half-bridge Class D Power Amplifier 137
4.8.1 Conduction Losses 137
4.8.2 Turn-on Switching Loss 138
4.8.3 Turn-off Switching Loss 142
4.9 Design Example 144
4.10 Class D RF Power Amplifier with Amplitude Modulation 146
4.11 Transformer-coupled Push-pull Class D Voltage-switching RF
Power Amplifier 147
4.11.1 Waveforms 147
4.11.2 Power 150
4.11.3 Current and Voltage Stresses 150
4.11.4 Efficiency 150
4.12 Class D Full-bridge RF Power Amplifier 152
4.12.1 Currents, Voltages, and Powers 152
4.12.2 Efficiency of Full-bridge Class D RF Power Amplifier 156
4.12.3 OperationUnderShort-circuit andOpen-circuitConditions 156
4.12.4 Voltage Transfer Function 157
4.13 Phase Control of Full-bridge Class D Power Amplifier 158
4.14 Class D Current-switching RF Power Amplifier 160
4.14.1 Circuit and Waveforms 160
4.14.2 Power 162
4.14.3 Voltage and Current Stresses 163
4.14.4 Efficiency 163
4.15 Transformer-coupled Push-pull Class D Current-switching RF
Power Amplifier 165
4.15.1 Waveforms 165
4.15.2 Power 167
4.15.3 Device Stresses 168
4.15.4 Efficiency 168