RF / Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications

1129 Pages·2013·60.14 MB·English

by  Ulrich L. Rohde

Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Circuit Design
1.1 Introduction
1.2 System Functions
1.3 The Radio Channel and Modulation Requirements
1.4 About Bits, Symbols, and Waveforms
1.5 Analysis of Wireless Systems
1.6 Building Blocks
1.7 System Specifications and Their Relationship to Circuit Design
1.8 Testing
1.9 Converting C/N or SNR to E /N
B 0
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2: Models For Active Devices
2.1 Diodes
2.2 Bipolar Transistors
2.3 Field-Effect Transistors
2.4 Large-Signal Behavior of JFETs
2.5 Parameter Extraction of Active Devices
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3: Amplifier Design with BJTs and FETs
3.1 Properties of Amplifiers
3.2 Amplifier Gain, Stability, and Matching
3.3 Single-Stage Feedback Amplifiers
3.4 Two-Stage Amplifiers
3.5 Amplifiers with Three or More Stages
3.6 A Novel Approach to Voltage-Controlled Tuned Filters
Including CAD Validation [42]
3.7 Differential Amplifiers
3.8 Frequency Doublers
3.9 Multistage Amplifiers with Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
3.10 Biasing
3.11 Push–Pull/Parallel Amplifiers
3.12 Power Amplifiers
References
Further Reading
Chapter 4: Mixer Design
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Properties of Mixers
4.3 Diode Mixers
4.4 Transistor Mixers
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5: RF/Wireless Oscillators
5.1 Introduction of Frequency Control
5.2 Background
5.3 Oscillator Design
5.4 Oscillator Circuits
5.5 Design of RF Oscillators
5.6 Noise in Oscillators
5.7 Oscillators in Practice
5.8 Phase-Noise Improvements of Integrated RF and
Millimeterwave Oscillators
References
Interesting Patents
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Wireless Synthesizers
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Phase-Locked Loops
6.3 How to Do a Practical PLL Design Using CAD
6.4 Fractional-N-Division PLL Synthesis
6.5 Direct Digital Synthesis
References
Interesting Patents
Further Reading
Index

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Rohde, Ulrich L.
RF/microwave circuit design for wireless applications / Ulrich L. Rohde,
Matthias Rudolph. –2nd ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-470-90181-6 (hardback) 1. Microwave integrated circuits–
Computer-aided design. 2. Wireless communication systems–Equipment and
supplies–Design and construction. 3. Semiconductors–Computer-aided design.
4. Microwave circuits–Design and construction. 5. Radio frequency integrated
circuits–Design and construction. I. Rudolph, Matthias, 1969-II. Title.
TK7876.R65 2013
621.381'32–dc23
2012013020
To Professor Vittorio Rizzoli
Foreword
Twelve years have passed since the publication of the first edition of
RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications. Year 2000 was still the
dawn of the wireless era; mobile telephony was about to change from highly
expensive business equipment to a common ubiquitous consumer article.
Chipsets for WiFi and GPS were available or under development but still to be
deployed on the mass market. To remember those days, we kept the statement on
the first page of the first chapter, saying that we concluded that 30% of the
passengers waiting at an airport were on the air. Today, I would expect this
number to be well beyond 100%, accounting for people being connected to the
Internet by multiple devices while talking on their cell phone.
Other changes are also obvious requiring the book to be enhanced and partly
rewritten. Semiconductor technology and device modeling have advanced
rapidly. The first edition still discussed GaAs MESFET as an important device,
and stated that CMOS is still too slow for wireless applications. Therefore, this
edition had to account for these advances, and now discusses CMOS and CMOS
circuits, BiCMOS, and HBTs on GaAs and SiGe, as well as GaN HEMTs.
It also happened in the last 15 years that the semiconductor branches of the
major technology companies became independent companies. Just to name a
few: chip-makers Siemens, Motorola, Philips, and Hewlett-Packard are now
Infineon, Freescale, NXP, and Avago. On the other hand, most of the circuit
design principles did not change much. We decided in many cases to rely on the
same commercial circuit examples that were already discussed in the first
edition. The majority of the example products are still on the market.
This book also discusses the GSM concept in detail. Important highlights in
this new edition are power amplifiers with linearization. (This topic is discussed
in great detail.) In addition to this, nonlinear noise in mixers and oscillators are
new topics as is the treatment of nonlinear noise in cross-coupled oscillators that
play an important role, and these have been covered as outlined above. The
majority of the chapters have been updated, but the topics listed above are all
new and fully covered.
Last but not the least, there was a change in the authors of this book. Author
David P. Newkirk, whose valuable language skills as a technical writer ensured
the high quality of the first edition, was unavailable for the second edition.
However, I was fortunate to have Dr.-Ing. Matthias Rudolph join me in the
revision of this book. He had a solid background in microwave engineering at
Ferdinand Braun Institut in Berlin, Germany where he was in a management
position responsible for device modeling and low-noise components. In the fall
of 2009, he was appointed the Ulrich-L.-Rohde tenure-tracking Professor for RF
and Microwave Techniques at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus,
Germany. His experience and dedication to this effort gives this new edition of
the book an exceptionally wide base.
Finally, I would like to appreciate the support from the numerous companies
and individuals that allowed us to use their images, datasheets, and technical
papers as examples. Special thanks also to our publisher John Wiley & Sons,
especially to George Telecki for his ongoing support and his patience.
Ulrich L. Rohde
Marco Island, Florida
Fall 2012