Revision of Limnometra Mayr (Gerridae) in the Malay Archipelago. Notes on Malesian aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera), II

16 Pages·1992·8.3 MB·English

by  N Nieser

NICO NIESER' & PINGPING CHEN'
'TieL TheNetherlands
'BiologicalControlLaboratory, ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences, Beijing, China
REVISION OF LIMNOMETRA MAYR (GERRIDAE) IN
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO
Noteson Malesian aquaticandsemiaquaticbugs (Heteroptera), II
N. Nieser & P. Chen, 1992. A revision of Limnometra Mayr (Gerridae) in the Malay
Archipelago. Noteson Malesianaquaticandsemiaquaticbugs (Heteroptera), II.-Tijdschrift
voorEntomologie 135: 11-26, figs. 1-60,table 1 [iSSN0040-7496]. Published 15July 1992.
Akeyto thespeciesoiLimnometrain IndonesiaandE. Malaysiaand newdistributional data
arepresented.NinenewspeciesofLimnometraa.Tedescribed: L.aploa, L.arachnis, L. leptaand
L. melanochroa from Sulawesi, L. genitalis from Pulau Buton, L. pseudoinsularis from
Kalimantan,L.hysteremafromNewBritain,L. monochromafromGuadalcanalandL.poliakan-
thinafromQueensland (Australia).
Correspondence: Dr.N. Nieser, Htg.Eduardstr. 16,4001 RGTiel,TheNetherlands.
Key words. - Sulawesi; Buton; Kalimantan; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Is.; Australia;
Gerridae;Limnometra;key;newspecies.
Representatives ofthe gerrine genus Limnometra Limnometraisapparentlylarge, thereareveryfewdis-
are restricted to tropical Asia, although three speci- tinctive characters. The colour pattern on head and
mens have been recorded from Tanzania (Hun- thorax,which isusuallyverystriking, is, apartfroma
gerford&Matsuda 1958).Wepresumethatthespec- few exceptions, very uniform. The parameres are all
imens fromAfricaare incorrectlylabelled, since they ofthesameshape,small,rod-likewiththebaseslight-
belong to a large species never collected in that area ly broader than the apex. The general shape ofthe
again. genital segments is also quitesimilar in mostspecies.
The present paper is mainly based on material re- In various cases identification has to rely on relative
centlycollected in Sulawesi, whereseveral species oc- measurements, pilosityofthe legsand annulation on
cur as a frequent component ofthe surface fauna of legsandantennae. Inaddition,wefoundthattheen-
streams. When westartedworking up the material it dosomal sclerites, especially the lateral pair, provide
soon turned out that we had several new species at specificcharactersinsomecases. Forthispurposethe
hand. Theexaminationofunidentifiedmaterialfrom endosoma has to be cleared, for which we used hot
Malesia in several museum collections revealed even 10% KOH, and made free from the basal plate and
morespecies, so thatwedecidedto reporton thisge- phallothecawhichenclose it.Astheendosomahasto
nus separately. A paper on the remaining Gerridae be studied from various angles, permanent micro-
from Sulawesi isin preparation. scopic slides are less appropriate than keeping it in a
dropofglycerin inamicrovial.Thereareusuallyfour
Materialand methods sclerites, a medio-dorsal and aventral one, which are
usuallyseen as onesclerite formingawidearcwithin
Specimens fromSulawesiweremainlycollectedby the endosoma. Secondly, there is a symmetrical pair
J.P. Duffels (zma),J. vanTol (rmnh) andN. Nieser. ofsmaller lateral sclerites. We consider theopen end
Localities sampled by Nieser have numbers starting of the arc as posterior and the thicker posterior Y-
with N89 followed by two digits. All were taken in shapedpartofthearcasdorsal,whichcorrespondsto
SulawesiTenggara(SESulawesi) andButon in 1989. theactivecondition oftheendosoma.
Details oflocalities can be found in Nieser & Chen Measurements are in millimeters, presented as the
(1991). In addition, specimens from G. Zimmer- range or the averagevalue offive specimens (ofeach
mann's collection (zc), collected within the fra- sex).Measurementsweretakenfromspecimensofthe
mework of Project Wallace 1985, and by Dr. I. samplecontainingtheholotype. Incaseofsmallsam-
Lansbury(oxum) fromotherplacesin SoutheastAsia ples additional specimens from othersiteswereused.
havebeenstudied. Thewidthoftheheadismeasuredacrosstheeyes,the
Although the number of species in the genus thoracicwidth ismeasuredacrossthe mesoacetabula.
11
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume 135.1992
Depositories segment plus the genitalia at least as longas pre-
NC Niesercollection,Tiel,TheNetherlands. cedingfoursegments, usuallylonger. Hindcoxae
oxuM OxfordUniversityMuseum, England. of male nearly reaching or surpassing posterior
RMNH National Museum of Natural History, marginofsecondventralabdominal segment
Leiden, TheNetherlands. onus
SNOW Snow Entomological Collections, Lawrence,
Kansas, U. S.A. KeytomalesofMalesian Limnometra
zc Zimmermanncollection, Marburg, B.R.D. 1. Eightlargeblackspotsonventer (characterholds
ZMA Zoological Museum, InstituteofTaxonomi- for female too), connexival spines shorter than
cal Zoology,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands. firstgenitalsegment L. octopunctatus
- Usually only one black spot in front of meso-
Apair ofreference specimens ofthe Sulawesi spe- acetabula, connexivalspines longer 2
cies was sent to Museum Zoologi Bogor (Indonesia) 2. Moderately small species. Head width usually
mm
and J. T. Polhemus collections, Englewood, under 1.8 3
Colorado (U. S. A.), when sufficient material was - Larger species, head width usually over 1.8 mm
available. 6
3. Frontfemurasslenderas middlefemur 4
Acknowledgements - Frontfemurbroaderthanmiddlefemur
Thanks are due to R. Brooks (snow), J. Duffels L. bomeensis
(zma), I. Lansbury(oxum),J.vanTol(rmnh)andG. 4. Middle femurwith a fringe ofcilia about halfas
Zimmermann (zc) fortheloanofspecimens. wideasfemur L. bruneiensis
- Middle femur without a fringe of cilia (small
Taxonomic part spinesandsparsehairspresent) 5
5. Lateral endosomal sclerite parallel-sided (fig. 44)
Limnometra Mayr belongs to the Gerrinae and L.pseudoinsularis
contains medium-sized to large species, which are - Lateral endosomal sclerite bulky in central part
commonly seen on streams in Southeast Asia. Some (fig. 6) L. insularis
workers, e.g. Hungerford & Matsuda (1958), consi- 6. Antennae, middle and hind femur unicolorous,
der it to be a distinct genus, while Matsuda (1960) thelatternot palerneartip 7
and Andersen (1982) rank it as a subgenus in - Antennae, middle and hind femur not unicolor-
Tenagogonus Stal. Although Limnometra and ous, hind femur pale near tip, or some antennal
Tenagogonusarestructurallyveryclose, dueto reduc- segmentsatleastpartlywhitish 8
tionoftheabdomenin Tenagogonus,theycanbekept 7. Ventro-posterior margin offirst genital segment
apartatfirstsight. Forourpresentpurposetheactual distinctly produced laterally. Middle femurwith
taxonomic status is not important. Limnometra and a short blackline dorsallynear base (holds in fe-
Tenagogonus can be distinguished from other SE maletoo,butmaybeinconspicuousinspecimens
Asian Gerrinae by the following set of characters withdarkfemur) L. ciliata
(adapted from the key by Andersen 1982): Length - Rear margin offirst genital segment with only a
lessthan 25 mm. Pronotumwithadarkmedianstri- faint production laterally. Middle femurwithout
pe, venter generally pale. Third segment ofrostrum thedorsobasalblackline L. cursitans
reaching mesosternum. Metasternum without lateral 8. Middlefemurwithalongandcurvedbluntspine
scent channels (from scent orifice to metacetabula), at short distance from apex, two rows ofsmall
metathoracic spiracle located much more than its pegs L.femorata
ownlengthawayfrom baseofforewing. - Middle femur without a large curved spine near
The difference between Limnometra and apex (not to be confused with smaller sharply
Tenagogonusis as follows (adapted from Hungerford pointedapicalspurs) 9
&Matsuda 1958): 9. Both middleandhindfemurwith aconspicuous
1. Connexivalspinesnormal, asinfig. 37 (exceptL. fringeofcilia 10
minutaMayr from NicobarIslands). Maleabdo- - Hind femur without a conspicuous fringe of
men not reduced. Last ventral abdominal seg- cilia 11
ment plus genital segments shorter than preced- 10. Fore femur slender, ratio L/W over 20, without
ing four segments. Hind coxae of male rarely subapical indentation, ventrally with a dense
extending beyond middle ofsecond ventral ab- fringeofciliatwothirdsthewidthoffemur
dominalsegment Limnometra L. lepta
— Connexival spines reduced. Male abdomen re- - Forefemurbroader, ratio L/Wabout 16,witha
duced. Ventral abdominal segments short, last distinct subapical indentation, ventral fringe of
12
Nieser&Chen: RevisionofLimnometra
-11. FfcFiooelIrr-imaeeuarff^!beeommuuutrrhLbnarioirotratb,dLhreeoraw(di,-1edj.rt.3,hLtXhoarconcrrmemimodurdireli)ei..r.tf.heLaìm.nupr^muiL.dI.c.ldhl11IrTe2a6 strKDe.aur,mmfmaeSloNalsng,1d^6Knai//eo,na1t-Bsr7,aoe.mlTnxioue.ubm,1naNp^nd.ga0oPu5ch.S,,,t,rt6^To2home1orsjr-.caxmh.u6^ant1le9nVlR8Ql.5u,e,,eCr,lj-M8.la1e9zZ-cnr.îei-,x,,.mG2m17.69e..8xXZr5.1im,.1ma19m9n188en5c5r,;îm352ta1-cncuîÇ5nm;;61pwaa59$h-0,,i
12. Forefemurventrallywithconspicuousdensepu- G. Zimmermann (ze, nc). Sulawesi Selatan: Maros 1 S 1
bescence 14 ^ (rmnh).
- Fore femurwithoutconspicuous pubescence 13
13. Segments offore tarsus ofsubequal length (spe- Distribution.-Sulawesi.
cies keyed out twice as its head width centres Remarks. - Structurallyverysimilarto L. arachnis
around 1.8 mm) L. bruneiensis sp. n.which is, however, distinctlylarger. Forfurther
- First segment of fore tarsus distinctly (1.2X) differences see under L. arachnis. The length ofan-
longerthansecond L. kallisto tennalsegmentrelatedtowidthofheadisratherfluid
14. Generalcolourmediumtodarkbrown,withpale in this species. We have a male from Dumoga Bone
yellowish spots dorsaily at sutures ofconnexival NP,TorautR., Maze, I6.ix.l985withwidthofhead
segments; apical row ofsmall pegs ranging over 2.0, 2ndantennalsegmentofleftantenna 1.9 andof
morethan halfthe middlefemur right antenna 2.3 mm. The holotype has only one
L. melanochroa rowofsmallpegsatapexofmiddlefemur.Mostspec-
- General colour yellowish to light brown, sutures imens have, however, two short peg rows at apex of
of connexiva not marked by light spots; apical middlefemurofmale.
rowofsmallspineson middlefemurshort .... 15
15. rHreimnudr,fe1bmotu1hrsllo1ingghet1rlyt(h1a.n031boX1d)ylongerLr.thnaingnmpiedndnlies L,jçi..mn^o.metrab,omeensis.,H,ung°errrorido&»Mxatsudia
- Hind femur distinctly (1.1 X) longer than mid- ^'
diefemur,which isslightlyshorterthan body .... Limnometrab%omeensisHungerford& Matsuda, 1958:407-
I. submarginalis ^0«'P'- 2 12,pl.l2fig. 9.
16. Sasecltoonngdaasn)\twein•dnJtalhL sofefghLmeeandJt subeqTual (^urp tol.l1X7 MjöM,ba.teerrgi.a,lIedxaimi?.ne,d.par-atSy^paersa.wakI,n,„aDdodrinteioon,:M»MttT..nPToiil,bianlegg,.
- Second antennal segment longer (1.2X) than 1200m, 1 9,leg. Mjöberg 1925 (zma).
widthofhead L. arachnis
17. Inventralviewfirstgenitalsternite(SB) about 1.5 Distribution. -Previouslyonlyknown bythetype
timesaslongassecond(pygophore, Pg): indorsal seriesfrom Sarawak.
viewS8coveringPgcompletely,onlytipofproc- Remarks. -Thefemalefrom MtTibangisslightly
tiger(Pr) visible L.genitalis larger than the paratypes, but seems to fit best with
- InventralviewS8subequaltoorshorterthanPg, this species. The spool-shaped fore leg in the male is
dorsailyboth Pgand Prvisible 18 diagnostic.Thelateralendosomalscleritesarealsope-
18. Fore femur relativelyslender, its length 10 times cullar in that they are posteriorly broadened and in-
its width, width offore femur about 1.4X the cised (fig. 2). Theposteriortriangularpart ofprono-
width ofmiddlefemur L. annulicomis tum seems to be somewhat shorter than in the very
- Fore femur stouter, its length about 7 times its similar L. insularis Hf & Mats. We need, however,
width,widthofforefemurabout 1.7X thewidth longerseriesoffreshspecimensofbothspeciestover-
ofmiddlefemur L. aploa ifywhetherthis isaspecific differenceor is relatedto
developmentofindirectflightmuscles.
Limnometraannulicomis(Breddin)
(fig-l) LimnometrabruneiensisMiyamoto
GerrisannulicomisY>rtààA'n, 1901:83-85. (fig. 3)
Limnometraannulicomis. - Hungerford & Matsuda 1958: LimnometrabruneiensisMiyamoto, 1967:229-232,figs.24-
420-422,pi.4fig.24,pi. 15, fig.26. 29.
TuMmaptaerhiaRli.ver-,90Su0lma,we2s3i.iiU.t1a9r8a5:,3D9u,mJo.Pg.aDufBfeolnse,prNo.jPe.c,t MalMaaytseirai:alE..-SCa.baBho,rn7e0o:kSmg.SPiLjaahu,ad1 D6a,tlue,g.DMajönbuemrgVa1l9l2e5y;,
Wallacestat.28(zma);DumogaBoneN.P.,waterfallcreek, main trail "West North 1-5, 150m, 7-9.xii.1989, narrow
tE2r3di.wbiauv.tra1dr9sy85S-uoBbf,ca2Tmup(m,5p,U2aTh9,M,-JW.ULvTa9Mn3-T6Xo5Ll,;00sc6.am45e,90Tuacs.ml.p,a2302h.5irmvi.velr9a8snl5r.,., cplreeeSkasbianhr6ai0nf(ozrmesat),.2 (5 1 9,leg. M.J. &J.P. Duffelssam-
s1am9e;,sabmreoo,kl6e6t4mc,. a2t lkigmht,W3.voif.l9E8d5w-aAr,d2s 9s,ubJc.,vaUnTTMol-; Distribution. -N. andC. Borneo.
WL9265, 4.VÌ.1985-A, 1 S 1 9, J. van Tol (rmnh); Remarks. - The types in Entomological Labora-
13
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume 135.1992
Figs. 1-10,EndosomalscleritesinLimnometra,upper:lateralviewofmedianarcandlateralsclerite,lower:differentviewsof
lateralsclerite,scales0.5mm. 1, L.annulicomis,2. L. horneemis(paTiVype),3. L. bruneiensis,4.L. ciliata,5. L.femorata,6. L.
insularis(holotype),7. L. kallisto, 8. L. nigripennis,9. L. octopunctata(oneviewoflateralscleriteonly), 10. L.pulchra.- \\-
16: Z,.Ä/)/oÄ(paratypes), 11-14apexofabdomen,scale2mm, 11-12ventralview, 11 6, 12 9, 13-14lateralview, 13 <5, 14
$; 15-16endosomalsclerites, 15 medianarcandlateralsclerite, leftdorsalview, rightlateralview,scale0.5 mm, 16differ-
entviewsoflateralsclerite,scale0.25 mm.
tory ofKyushu University were, unfortunately, not
Material. - • Viet Nam: Saigon (Than-Po Ho Chi
availableforstudy. Minh), l.vii.1924, 1 9 E. leMoult(rmnh).-• Indonesia.
Sulawesi Tenggara: Sungai Anggoro, 20.ii, N8901, 1 9;
LimnometraciliataMayr Kendari,21.ii,N89035 d 3 9;PoolnearSungaiSampara,
22.ii, N8910 2 CÎ 3 9 (2 9 apt.); small stream near S.
L(fiimg.no4m)etra ciliata Mayr, 1865: 44. - Hungerford & S1a7mp9ar(a4,CÎ22.6ii9, Nap8t9.)1;2Ja1lan9;PJaakluanJaAysae,ra2,4.i2i4,.iNi,8N9829012699 (S1
Matsuda 1958: 409-412, pi. 3 fig. 14, pi. 13 fig. 22 (re- apt.);Tamborasi, l.iii,N8925 1 i 1 9;RoadtoMowewe,
description);Andersen 1964:333. 3.iii,N89333 J 1 9 (2 <? 1 9 apt.);TelukKendari, 13.iii,
14
,
Nieser&Chen: RevisionofLimnometra
N8946 1 d 2 $,3IvV;TelukKendari, 13.iii,N89492 9. 405, pi. 4 fig. 21, pi. 11 fig. 17. Cheng & Fernando
- P. Buton: Road to Lawele, 9.iii, N8939 3 9 apt. - Bali: 1969: 105-106, fig.60-71.
garden ponds, 8.viii.l983, leg. N. Nieser2 d 1 9 apt. (nc
).-N.E. SumatratusschenSerdangenTobameer(between Material.-WehavestudiedtheholotypefromSumatera
Serdangand DanauToba), 2 9, Dr. B. Hagen; Sum[atra], (Serdang, TanjongMorawa, Hagen) andaparatypefemale
LaulaSlm.,viii.1913, 2 9 apt., E.Jacobson; Sum. Kalung, IromJawa(Arjeano) fromsnow.
xii.1913, 3 d 5 9 apt., 1 9 macr., Le Moult; S. Coast,
T-PaeNlnaEobmuhBoarnAngRerao.t,Rue,s1.4S.itxaitia.p.tl.971-61,5•°15M9da'lEa2ys9i5,a°.Pi.SraHNb.,ahv,aTnL1D,6oeks1mb8u0rNmgE,. TwDoistrreipboutritoend. f-emWa.lesM,alaoynseia,frSoummaatneraisalannddJanweaa.r
11.vi.1986, 1 9 apt., leg. J. Huisman. - • Papua New Borneo and one from Myanma may belong to a dif-
Guinea: West New Britain, Tamari, rain water tank, ferentspecies.
14.Ì.1989, 2 6\WestNewBritain, Bulumanr. Dami, rain Remarks. -Asmall species, malelength 11.8 mm,
water pit, 17.1.1989, 2 d 2 9; West New Britain, Blalla width ofhead 1.64 mm. General colour light brown
Apulpuvillage,freshwatercreek,27.1.1989, 1 (5;MilneBay with an orangeish tinge, with a striking pale yellow
aplrlolve.g.,RS.ouNt.hB.ofPrAiloorta(uo,xuPman,dnancu)s.^Mashcardoep,te2r9.oiuxs.1u9n8l9es,s1ot<h5- band all along the lateral margin of pronotum.
erwisestated,mostfemaleswitheggs. Similarto L. homeensis, which has, however, adiffer-
entshapeoffront femurand lateral endosomal scler-
ites (figs. 3, 6). L.pseudoinsularisis also verysimilar,
Distribution. - Widespread. Thailand and onlytheformoflateralendosomalsclerites(fig.44) is
Malaysia through Indonesia and PhiHppines to quitedistinct.
Guam, Solomon and Fiji Islands.
Remarks. - The males from Bali are even smaller
Limnometrakallisto(Kirkaldy)
than the small specimens recorded by Andersen
(1964), bodylength 11.0and 11.5 respectively. (fig- 7)
GerriskalltstoKitkMy, 1899: 506.
Limnometrakallisto. - Hungerford & Matsuda 1958: 422-
Limnometracursitans(Fabricius) 424,pi.5 fig.31,pi.16fig.27 (redescription)
LGeirmprnli.os5mcfeuitrgsr.i2at8a,cnusrp¥sia.i\t13a4nn,sc.\f\i-xgs.H,2u3.1n7g9e4r:fo1r92d.&Matsuda 1958:413, N10e0Mwamt,eGrui1ia3ln..ieva-.1E9•x3Ip9n.,d)oLn.7esJi.da:To4Ixroi9apneuJ(asryma(,nNheB)te;hr.nNh.IanrddN..-CAamGemuripinceBaa.,n,
9,MJa.tOerlitahlo.f-(NIertihan.JIanyda-,ABmeerrnihcaarndNceawmpG,ui5n0ema,Evxiip.e1d9it3.8),(1- MP1i4io.lninii.ee1r9b1Bi3va,aykV,eprvriso-tvve.ie.ig.,lS9o12u0,t9hW(.zomfCa.)A.vlao-tna•uH,ePuarpPnua,and1NaneSu\ws,BGeuasiuhnfaeodaer:,t
r(nmcn)h.);TelukBintuni,Babo, 13.viii.l94l, 1 9,E.Linquist 29.ix.1989, 1 d 1 9 leg. R.N. B. Prior(oxum,nc).
Distribution. New Guinea and Australia Distribution. - Misool (Mysol), New Guinea,
(Queensland). New Britain and Solomon Islands. Hungerford &
Matsuda (1958) place Misool in the Maluku.
LimnometrafemorataMayr However, biogeographically as well as both under
Dutch and Indonesian administration it belongs (c.
(fig- 5) q. belonged) to NewGuinea.
Limnometrafemorata Mayr, 1865: 443. - Hungerford &
Matsuda 1958:413-415,pi.5fig.27,pi. 13fig.21 (rede-
scription), Cheng & Fernando 1969: 106-107, fig. 72- LimnometranigripennisMayr
83. (fig. 8)
Material.-NESumatra: KualaSimpang, lowlandforest, LimnometranigripennisMayr, 1865: 443.-Hungerford &
iv.1954,2 9;SelehKualaSimpang,lowlandforest,iv.1954, AMnadtesrusdean 11996578::26421.5-418, pl.4 fig.26, pi.14 fig.24;
1 <5 4 9,A.Sollaert(rmnh),allmacropterous.
Distribution. —Awidespreadspecies: Malaysia PalMaawtearnia(lP.hil-ippWienes)h,avreeposreteendb1y<A5nd1ers9e,na(p1t9e6r7o)u.s from
(Perils, Selangor), Philippines, BorneoandBanguey.
New recordforSumatera. Distribution. - Widespread in the Philippine
Islands, includingthesouthernpartofMindanao.To
LimnometrainsularisHungerford & Matsuda beexpectedin the islands north ofSulawesi.
(fig. 6)
Limnometra insularis Hungerford &C Matsuda, 1958: 404-
15
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume 135,1992
LimnometraoctopunctataHungerford N8920 4 CÎ 3 9 (1 (? 1 9 snow); Sungai Kolaka,
(fig. 9) 27.ii.1989, N8921B, 1 d 1 9; rd. KolakaKendari km 20,
LimH1nu0onmgfeiegtr.rfao13r;docA&tnodpMeuanrtcstseauntdaa19H16u945n:8g:e3r42f09o;0r-d4C,0h1e,1n9gp5i.5:&4f6iFg7e.-r62n82a,.npdi—o. sa(1tl87ro9.enXJag.vm1T,M928o49)3k,;.oi2iwniu.edl9r8K5i9vo,el9ra,,kNa2s8,0a90mn3emr,.,43Gd0.i1.sXtW.uac1rît9bu8ew9d9i,;llao1,wSlduaM,nnogdlakeigro.awiJnMu.fovoarCkensaotTmw,opul3
1969: 107-108,figs. 84-93. d 4 9 (1 CÎ brach), leg. J. P. Duffels (Sul.24). Mac-
ropterousunlessotherwisespecified.
Material. - Sulawesi Tenggara: Near Sungai Sampara,
22.ii, N8912 1 9; Tamborasi, l.iii, on the sea, between
boulders,N8925 1 9. Description
Macropterous specimens. - Dimensions. Length
W
Distribution. - Malaysia, NE Sumatera and 6 10.8-12.0, 9 10.5-11.6; width ofhead 6 1.80-
SulawesiTenggara (newrecord). 1.97, 9 1.80-1.92; humeral width ofpronotum S
1.95-2.20, 9 1.90-2.02;thoracicwidth 6 3.15-3.50,
9 2.90-3.26.
LimnometrapulchraMayr
Colour. Basic colour dark yellow to light dull
(fig. 10) brown, head and thorax with the normal pattern of
LimnometrapulchraMayY, 1865:AA5-AAA.-Hungerford& blackish stripes. Antennae medium brown, apical
Matsuda 1958:418-419,pi.4fig.23,pi. 15fig. 25. thirdofsecondsegmentyellowish, notverycontrast-
crammnMpha,t)e;ralitBa.ulr.cu5,—0SmMt,aalt0iu5ok/nu1:61.3v,Bia2.c8la.9vn8i5iiW,-a4Jy..iaxHn.uai1,j9b2r1le,oggtLgs.e,dJ.4fTodorexs2otp9eaun(sd- leirnogn.fgaicFteous,rdietnaafrlesummsuerddaiarknuedmr.tbirMboiiawddnllisgethrtaipnbedrsoohwninnidnwnileterghsavlnaidrgihoatubtlt-eo
1 (5 1 9 (zma). medium brown, femora with yellow apical ring, not
very contrasting. Hemielytra medium brown, veins
Distribution. - Maluku. The record 'Celebes; dark brown to blackish. Venter pale yellow, whitish
Halmaheira' by Hungcrford & Matsuda (1958) is ciliation denseon thoracic, looseonabdominalvent-
confiising, asHalmaheirais noton Sulawesi, butone er.
of the islands of Maluku (the Moluccas). Actually Structuralcharacters. Length ofantennalsegments
therearetworecordsoutsideMaluku(Hungerford& 1 : II : III : IV, male2.4 : 1.55 : 2.7 : 3.4, female2.05
Matsuda 1958): the type locality 'Java' and 2 (5 2 9 : 1.3 : 2.2 : 3.2. Second antennal segment shorter
from 'Jawa GunungGede(h), Friihstorfer'. Thelabel (0.9) than width ofhead in male, more distinctly so
ofthe type seems to be a mistake ofMayr (1865) as in female. Fore femur in male broader (1.5) than
the type series bears labels 'Amboina, Dr. Doleschal middlefemur,slightlyflattenedventrally,noconspic-
1859'. Friihstorfer'slabelsarereportedtobequiteof- uouspubescence,withwide,shallowsubapicalinden-
ten incorrect. It is unlikelythatthisspeciesoccurson tation. Fore femur in female only slightly broader
Jawa because it should have been collected more of- than middle femur. Middle femur of male with a
ten. fringeofcilialess(0.8)widethanfemur,apicallywith
twoshortrowsofsmallpegs,innerrowwithA-G,out-
Limnometrasubmarginalis(Miyamoto) er row with 2-4 pegs. Middle femur in female and
hind femur in both sexes with short cilia only.
Tenagogonus (Limnometra)submarginalisMiyamoto, 1967: Thoracicandabdominalventer, includingmalegeni-
226-229, figs. 18-23 [notavailableforstudy]. tal segmentswith longcilia, more dense and obvious
in male than in female, looser on abdomen than on
Thisspecies is onlyknown bythe typeseries from thorax.
N. Borneo. None ofour specimens agrees with the Male. Middle and hind femur slightly (0.90 and
description. 0.94 respectively) shorterthan body. Hemielytrajust
reaching beyond the apices ofconnexival spines in
Limnometraaploasp. n. most specimens. Connexival spines more or less par-
allelandhorizontal, reachingtoorupto0.25 oftheir
(figs. 11-16) length beyond apex of genital segments. Median
Type material. - Holotype a: Sulawesi Tengah, SW length of last two abdominal sternites subequal,
Luwuk, between DesaSesebaandSingsingCamp (±1°09'S shorter(0.85) than median length offirstgenitalseg-
s114a2.m2xe°.31dr9aE8t)9a,,asl8ehg0.oml,Jo.ryPnp.ea,rDru1of0wfe<l?sst9r(eSa9uml(1i2in)ncl(luzodmiwanl)ga.nad-lloPrtaayirpneaf,toyr3peesstâ,, meFnetmainlev.entHrianldvibeowr.dEerndoofspomraolnostcluemritweistfhigsa.p1r5o-m1i6.-
brach)(zma);TakiLalang,smallbrooklet,20.x.1989,2 ô 1 nentfringeofdarkhairs (afewshorteronespresentat
9,leg.J.vanTol.-SulawesiTenggara: RoadLalimboekm apexofpronotum in males). Middle and hind femur
4,21.ii.l989,N8903,2(5 1 9;JalanPakujaya,24.ii.1989, distinctly shorter than body. Hemielytra reaching
16
Nieser&CChen: RevisionofLimnometra
halfway connexival spines. Last abdominal sternite distinctdarkerlongitudinalstripes. Apicalhalfofsec-
alongmedian linelonger(1.2) thanpenultimatester- ondandapical fivesixthoffourth antennalsegments
niteandtwiceaslongasgenitalsternites. Genitalseg- andapicesofmiddleandhindfemursandtibiaevery
mentssmall, short, reachingat mosthalfwayconnex- pale yellowish to whitish. Venter pale yellow, with
ival spines. Connexival spines long, distinctly dense short whitish ciliation becoming longer and
pointingdorsally (fig. 14), somewhatconverging. more loose on abdominal venter, less distinct in fe-
Brachypterous form. As macropterous, except for malethan in male.
slightly reduced pronotum, humeral width 1.8 and Stfuctural characters. Length ofantennalsegments
hemielytraontoabdominal tergite 5. I : II : II : IV, male 4.1 : 2.6 : 3.5 : 3.6, female 2.7 :
1.7: 2.5 : 2.9.Secondantennalsegmentlonger(1.08)
Etymology. - Aploos (Greek adjective meaning than width ofhead in male, shorter (0.8) in female.
simple) refers to thelackofstrikingcharacters in this Forefemurbroader (1.3) than middlefemur, slightly
species. flattened ventrally, with dense short pubescence and
Comparative notes. - At first sight L. aploalooks wide, shallowsubapical indentation (slightly less ob-
like small specimens ofL. genitalissp. n. Apart from vious in female). Middle femurofmalewith afringe
the smaller average dimensions, the genital segments ofciliawhichisinthemiddlepartaboutaswideasfe-
and female connexival spines are relatively smaller mur,apicallywithtwoshortrowsofsmallblackpegs,
and middle and hind femur shorter than length of innerrowwith9-12,outerrowwith4-8pegs.Middle
bodyin L. aploa. L. aploadiffersfrom L. annulicornis femur in female and hind femur in both sexes with
Breddin, also known from Sulawesi, by its smaller shortciliaonly. Hemielytra reachingbeyond theapi-
size, the fourth antennal segment distinctly longer ces ofconnexival spines in males, just reaching con-
(1.3X longerthanthefirst(subequalinL. annulicor- nexival apices in female. Thoracic and abdominal
nis),theconnexivalspinesinthefemalepointingdor- venter, including male genital segments with quite
sally,andtheshapeoftheendosomalsclerites(figs. 1, longcilia, moredenseandobviousinmalethaninfe-
15-16). male, looseron abdomenthanonthorax.Abdominal
venter with a distinct median carina over its whole
length. Connexivalspineslong, reachingwell beyond
Limnometraarachnissp. n.
genitalsegments.
(figs. 17-22) Male. Middle and hind femur slightly (1.05 and
Type material. - Holorype S, Sulawesi Tenggara, rd. 1.1 respectively) longerthanbody.Connexivalspines
Kolaka Kendari km 20, stream, 3.iii.l989, leg. N. Nieser more or less parallel and horizontal, reaching one
vN(na8cn9,T3o14l9(1rdmanllh3o)t.y9pPe(arrrammrnnyhph)e);s;,NsSEuanmgeKaoidlaatMkaao,kasonrwh.oulG,ontg3y.0p.exW.a9t1u9d8w9i7,laJ9,. tMheidridaonftlheenigrthleonfgtlhastbeaybdoonmdianpaelxsotfergneintietsalsusbeegqmueanltst.o
Mokowu Camp along Mokowu River, 200m, disturbed firstgenital, shorter (0.65) than median lengthofpe-
lowlandrainforest,29-31.x.1989.J.P. Duffels,Sul.24, 1 S nultimate abdominal sternite in ventral view.
3 9; Centipede Camp, (e. 3°49'S 122°31'E), or. Gng. Endosomalscleritesfigs. 21-22.
Watuwila, llOOm, undisturbed hilly rainforest, narrow Female. Middle and hind femur distinctly shorter
stream, 2-5.xi.l989, J. P.Duffels, Sul. 30, 1 Ô; Sulawesi (0.8) than body. Last abdominal sternite along me-
TPe.nBugtaohn:: JSiusnmgialicaBmapt,ui,18.1X7I..x.1918998,9,j.Jv.avn.TTooll,11 dc5 2499(-; dianlineslightlylonger(1.05) than penultimatester-
rmnh). nite and more than twice as longas the small, short,
Additional specimens. - P. Buton, Jismil camp, genital segments. Connexival spines reaching half
13.XÌ.1989,J.vanTol 1 d 1 9 (notmadepararypesbecause theirlengthbeyondapexofgenitalsegments,slanting
tmhailrediasnt1e5nnmalmsleognmge).ntAlilsamlascorwohpitteirsohusi,nampoiscatlfheamlaflaesndwitthhe uinpgw.ards by about 30°, (fig. 20), somewhat converg-
eggs-
Etymology. - Arachnis (greek noun in apposition
Description meaningspider) referstothespideryimpressionthese
Dimensions. Length 6 16.5-17.5, 9 13.5-14.8; animals makewhen floatingon thewater.
width of head 6 2.3-2.5, 9 2.08-2.12; humeral Comparative notes. - Similar to L. annulicornis
width of pronotum ô 2.8-3.0, 9 2.3-2.4; width Breddinalso from Sulawesiwhich is, however, small-
across mesoacetabula 6 AA-A.G, 9 3.6-3.8. er, has in malesecondantennal segmentshorterthan
Colour. Basic colour dark yellow to light orange- width of head and middle and hind femur slightly
ish,posteriorlobeofpronotumlightbrown,hemiely- shorterthanbody. FemalesofZ,. annulicornisha.yethe
tramedium brown, headandthoraxwith thenormal genital segments relativelylarger.
pattern ofblackishstripes.Antennaeand legs lightto
medium brown, fore femur and tibia with a pair of
17
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume 135.1992
Figs. 17-22.L.arachnis(paratypes), 17-20apexofabdomen,scale2mm, 17-18ventralview, 17cî, 18 9, 19-20lateralview,
19 S, 20 9; 21-22endosomalsclerites, scale0.5 mm, 21 median arcandlateral sclerites, abovelateralview, belowdorsal
view, 22differentviewsoflateralsclerite.—figs. 23-28. L.genitalis(paratypes), 23-28apexofabdomen,scale2mm, 23-24
ventralview,23 cî,24 9,25-26lateralview,25 S,26 9;27-28endosomalsclerites,27medianarcandlateralsclerites,scale
0.5mm,abovedorsalview,belowlateralview,28differentviewsoflateralsclerite,scale0.25mm.-figs.29-34:L. lepta,29-
32apexofabdomen,scale2mm,29-30ventralview,29 cî(holotype),30 9 (pararype),31-32lateralview,31 cî,32 9;33-
34endosomalsclerites(paratype),33medianarcandlateralsclerites,scale0.5mm,abovedorsalview,belowlateralview,34
differentviewsoflateralsclerite,scale0.25 mm.
Limnometragenitalissp. n. macr. (1 S macr. rmnh); small cascadingstream nearsea,
(figs. 23-28) 9.iii.l989, N8941 1 Ô brach., 5 (5 10 9 macr.; small
streaminwetforest, 10.III.1989, N8944, 9 ô brach., 6 9
Type material. - Holorype brachypterous 6 P. Buton, macr.,allleg.N.Nieser(nc, 1 $ zma, 1 c? 1 9 JTPC).
cascadestream, 10.iii.l989, leg. N. NieserN8942 (rmnh).
- Pararypes, same data as holorype: 5 ô brach., 5 (5 6 9
macr. (1 9 allotypermnh, 1 d 1 9 macr.zma);Buton,rd. Description
Bunga stream, 8.iii.l989, N8935 4 6 brach., 10 <? 8 9 Macropterous specimens. Dimensions. Length
18
Nieser&CChen: RevisionofLimnometra
6 13.2-14.4, 9 12.1-13.4;widthofhead 6 2.1-2.2, Middleand hind femurslightlylongerthan body.
9 1.9-2.1;humeralwidthofpronotum S 2.2-2.4, 9
2.1-2.3; width across mesoacetabula S 3.5-3.8, 9 Etymology. - Genitalis (a latin adjective meaning
3.3-3.7. fertile, marked out to propagate) refers to the large
Colour. Basiccolourdarkyellowwithanorangeish genitalsegmentsin male.
tinge, head and thorax with the normal pattern of Ecology. - N89412, N8942 and N8944 aresmall
blackish stripes. Antennae medium brown, apical streamsatshadedhillysites in forests. L.genitaliswas
thirdofsecondsegmentyellowish. Forefemuryellow found on quiet pools. N8935 is a larger more open
with longitudinal medium brown stripes on inner stream (over 10m wide), also in forest, with a small
and outer faces, tibia and tarsus medium brown. artificialwaterfall (probablytoretainsomewaterdur-
Middleand hind femurlight brownwith yellowapi- ingdryperiods).
cal ring. Middletibiaandtarsusmedium brown, api- Comparativenotes.-ThisspeciesrunstoL. annu-
cal quarter of middle femur usually lighter. licornisand L. kallistowith thekeybyHungerford &
Hemielytra dull light brown, veins blackish. Venter Matsuda(1958),butdoesnotseemtoberelated.The
pale yellowwith rather long and dense whitish cilia- long first genital segment in males and the strongly
tion on thorax and abdomen, more prominent in convergingandupwardpointingconnexivalspinesin
malethan in female. femalesseparatethisspeciesfromotherLimnometra.
Structuralcharacters. Length ofantennalsegments
1 : II : III : IV, male2.2 : 2.2 : 3.1 : 3.5, female 2.5 : Limnometraleptasp. n.
s1h.o6rt:er2.(40.9:5)3.0t.hanSewciodntdh aonftheenandalinsmeaglmee,ntmosrleighditsl-y (figs. 29-34)
tinctlysoin female. Forefemurinmalebroader(1.5) Type material. - Holorype 6, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga
tehnaend pmuibdedslceenfceem,urw,itfhlawtitdeen,edshvaelntlroawllayp,icwailtihndtehnitcak-- SBDt.oatn.He6o,UNl.ooPww.la,aynBd(aPnrrakoijneTfcootrreWasautltlMaRcV.e).nlie-gahrtPatBrraaasrpe,ypJeC.saPm5.pD,9ufs2f.ae1lm1se.1&d9a8t5J,a.
tion. Forefemurin femaleonlyslightlybroader (1.1) as holotype (zma, nc). All macropterous. Additional para-
than middle femur, apical indentation indistinct. types, Sulawesi Tengah, Sg Batui, 15.x.1989, J. vanTol,
Middle femurwith a fringe ofcilia about as wide as 89JvT024, 1 9 (rmnh); Dumoga Bone N.P., Toraut R.,
femur in male, halfaswide in female. Middle femur Maze, 7-17.xi.1985, leg. G. Zimmermann 10 d 17 9
ofmaleapicallywithtwoshortrowsof4-6smallpegs (zc,NC, RMNH, snow). Strasse nach Malibagu Restaurant,
each. Middleand hind tibiaaboutas longas bodyor Bach, 18.xi.1985, 1 9 (zc).
hind femur slightly longer. Hemielytra just reaching
theapicesofconnexivalspinesinmale, reachinghalf- Description
wayin female. Dimensions. Length 3 15.1-18.4, 9 13.5-14.7;
Male. Connexival spines more or less parallel and width of head â 2.3-2.6, 9 1.98-2.01; humeral
horizontal, reaching to or up to 0.25 oftheir length width of pronotum â 2.3-2.6, 9 1.95-2.2; width
beyond apex ofgenital segments. Median length of acrossmesoacetabula 6 3.6-4.3, 9 3.1-3.4.
last two abdominal sternites subequal orpenultimate Colour. Basic colour dark yellow to light dull
slightlylonger. Medianlengthoffirstgenitalsegment brown, thorax with the normal pattern ofblackish
in ventralviewabout 1.5 times median length oflast stripes. Dark M-shaped figure on head incomplete,
abdominalsternite (fig. 23). Endosomalscleritesfigs. only lateral legs distinct. Antennae medium brown,
27-28. thirdandfourthsegmentlargelypaleyellowishwitha
Female. Hiind border ofpronotum with a promi- black spot on their articulation. Fore femur light to
nentfringeofdarkhairs(afewshorteronespresentat medium brown, longitudinal darker stripes indis-
apex ofpronotum in males). Last abdominal sternite tinct. Middle and hind femur light tot medium
along median line longer (1.15) than penultimate brown, lighter apical ring not apparent. Hemielytra
sternite and about four times as long as genital ster- mediumtodarkbrown,veinslighter, nocostalorsub
nites. Genitalsegmentsverysmall. Connexivalspines costal light band. Venter pale yellow, in male with
long, distinctly pointing dorsally (fig. 26) and con- whitishciliation denseon thoracic, looseon abdomi-
vergingwithtipstouchingornearlytouchinginmost nalventer.
specimens. Structural characters. Length ofantennalsegments
Brachypterous form (males only). - Essentially as I : II : III : IV, male4.9 : 4.0 : 5.1 : 5.0, female 2.8 :
macropterous butslightlysmaller. Mean length mac- 2.2 : 3.0 : 3.3. Second antennal segment distinctly
ropterous 13.7, brachypterous 13.2. Humeral width longer(1.6) thanwidthofhead in male, lessdistinct-
of pronotum just narrower than width ofhead (in ly so (1.1) in female. Fore femur without subapical
macropterous just broader). Hemielytra reaching indentation, aboutasbroadas middlefemur, in male
slightly over base to halfway last abdominal tergite. ventrally, with dense ciliation, about halfas wide as
19
,
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume135.1992
femur. Forefemurinfemale, middleandhindfemur 9 1.9-2.1;humeralwidthofpronotum S 2.3-3.0, 9
in both sexes, without obvious ciliation. Middle fe- 2.2-2.5; width across mesoacetabula 6 3.8-5.0, 9
mur in male apically with a short row of 5-9 small 3.5-4.0.
pegsatborderofinneranddorsalsurface. Hemielytra Colour. Basiccolourmediumtodarkbrown,head
reaching to or somewhat beyond the apices ofcon- and thorax with the pattern as usual in genus.
nexivalspines. Antennaebrown,withoutobviouslighterannulation.
Male. Middleandhind femurlonger (1.1 and 1.2 Legs medium brown with darker stripes indistinct.
respectively) than body. Connexival spines very Middlefemurwithdistinct, quitenarrow,yellowap-
slightlydiverging,horizontalorslightlypointingdor- ical ring.Apical partoftibiaeandtarsiofmiddleand
sad, reaching about halftheir length beyond apex of hind legs yellowish. Hemielytra dull light brown,
genital segments. Median length of last abdominal veins with blackish margins and lighter centre.
and first genital sternites subequal, shorter (0.75) Connexivawithpaleyellowishpatchesdorsallyatseg-
than penultimate abdominal sternite. Endosomal mentalsutures.Thoracicventeryellowish,abdominal
scleritesfigs. 33-34. venterlightbrown.
Female. Middle and hind femur distinctly (0.7) Structuralcharacters. Lengthofantennalsegments
shorter than length ofbody. Connexival spines par- I : II : III : IV, male3.8 : 2.5 : 3.35 : 3.2, female2.7:
allel and horizontal to very slightly diverging and/or 1.6 : 2.2 : 2.7. Second antennalsegmentsubequal to
pointing upward, reaching about one fifth of their orlongerthan (1.0-1.2)widthofheadinmale,short-
length beyond apex ofabdomen. Median length of er(0.85) in female. Forefemurparallelsided, aswide
lastandpenultimateabdominalsternitesubequaland as middle femur, hardly flattened ventrally. Fore fe-
aboutonethirdaslongasgenitalsternites. mur in male with a shallow apical indentation. Fore
and middle femur in male with dense long ciliation
Etymology. - Leptos, a Greek adjective meaning ventrally, halfaswideas femuron fore, aswideasfe-
slender, refers to the relatively slender body ofthis mur on middle. Hind femur in both sexes and fore
species. and middle femur in female with short pubescence
Comparativenotes.-InthekeybyHungerford& only. Middle and hind femur slightly longet (1.1)
Matsuda (1958) this species runs to L. nigripennis, than body in male, shorter (0.85) in female. Middle
but it is a much more slender species. From other femur slightly longer than hind femur in most large
similar species L. lepta differs by characteristics of andslightlyshorter in mostsmallspecimens. Middle
width offore femur and leg ciliation as indicated in femurin malewith arowofsmallpegson apicaltwo
thekey. Theapexoftheabdomenofthemale isvery thirds of inner surface, towards apex this row be-
similar to that ofL. annulicomisMayr (Hungerford comes double. Thoracic and abdominal venter with
& Matsuda 1958, pi.15 fig. 26),withwhich itforms dense longer cilia in male, short pubescence in fe-
mixed populations in Dumoga Bone National Park. male. Hemielytra reaching halfway tergite 7 in male
L. annulicomis differs, however, in having a stouter and halfway tergite 6 to anterior margin of7 in fe-
forefemur, middlefemurdistinctlyciliatedandapex male.
ofmiddleandhindfemurwithdistinctlightbands. Male. Connexivalspinesmediumsized, horizontal
and slightly divergent, reaching just beyond apex of
genital segments. Median length of last abdominal
Limnometramelanochroasp. n. stetnite longer (1.4) than first genital sternite and
(figs. 35-40) shorter (0.8) than penultimate abdominal sternite.
Type material. - Holorype brachypterous S Sulawesi Endosomalscleritesfigs. 39-40.
Taenndgahb:rooPkalleut,s6,0kUmTSME:LSoJr9e5,Lin1d6u0N0.mP,Dasa!.n,auPTaandmabniunsg, andFehmaarldel.yCpooninnetxiinvgadlorsspailnleyscmaueddaliluym, ussiuzeadl,lyparreaalclhe-l
o7R.taXynÌpÌoe.1R59a8cn5?o,,5J.1?v0a(nkimTncol!NuEd(irnGmginahml)pl.uot,-yp1eP)6ar0ba0rtamyc,phe.ls;oLswoearrmeemLodinanttdaaunaseN.hfPool.r-- dinogmitnoalapsetxernoifteprsoucbteiqguera.ltMoepdeinaunltliemnagttehstoefrnliatsetaanbd-
Je.st,Du1f5f.eilisi,.l9S8t5a,t442d 3(zm9a)b.rac-h.,Su1la(w?es1i9Temnagcgra.rJa.:P.N&EMo.f aboMuatcrtowpotetriomeussafsorlmo.ng-aEssfsiernsttigaolnlyocaosxbar.achypterous
Kolaka, Centipede Camp, c. 3°49'S 121°40'E nr Gng except for well developed prothorax, humeral width
Watuwila, 1100m, undisturbed hilly rainforest, narrow ofpronotum 1.3timesthewidthofhead. Hemielytra
stream,2-5.xi.l989,4 6 macr.,leg.J.P.Duffels,stat.Sul.30 reachingbeyondtheapexofabdomen, leavingtipsof
(zma).
connexivalspinesuncovered in bothsexes.
Description Etymology. - Melanochroos (a greek adjective
Brachypterous specimens. - Dimensions. Length meaning dark skinned) refers to the dark general
S 14.6-18.5, Î 13.6-16.0;widthofhead S 2.1-2.4, colourcomparedtootherspeciesinthegenus.
20