Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report

203 Pages·2015·45.45 MB·English

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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
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266 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK
ISBN 978-0-309-37710-2 | DOI: 10.17226/21784
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BUY THIS BOOK Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 3;
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Division on
Engineering and Physical Sciences; The National Academies of
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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
REVIEW OF THE 21st CENTURY TRUCK
PARTNERSHIP, THIRD REPORT
Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 3
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of
the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard
for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. DE-EE0002931 between the National Academy of Sci-
ences and the U.S. Department of Energy. Any opinions, fndings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed in this publication do not necessarily refect the views of any organization or agency that
provided support for the project.
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Review of
the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE 21st CENTURY TRUCK PARTNERSHIP, PHASE 3
JOHN H. JOHNSON, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, Chair
JULIE CHEN, University of Massachusetts-Lowell
DAVID FOSTER, University of Wisconsin Engine Research Center, Madison
1
THOMAS M. JAHNS, NAE, University of Wisconsin-Madison
TIMOTHY V. JOHNSON, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York
PAUL MENIG, Tech-I.M., Sherwood, Oregon
JAMES W. MORRIS, Volvo Powertrain NA (retired), Hagerstown, Maryland
THOMAS REINHART, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
BERNARD ROBERTSON, NAE, Chrysler Corporation (retired), Bloomfeld Hills,
Michigan
SUBHASH C. SINGHAL, NAE, Pacifc Northwest National Laboratory (retired),
Richland, Washington
JAMES A. SPEAROT, Mountain Ridgeline Consulting, LLC, Breckenridge, Colorado
KATHLEEN TAYLOR, NAE, General Motors Corporation (retired), Fort Myers, Florida
JOHN WOODROOFFE, University of Michigan Transportation Institute, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
Staff
JAMES J. ZUCCHETTO, Senior Program Offcer/Director, Board on Energy and
Environmental Systems, Study Director
DANA CAINES, Financial Manager
LINDA CASOLA, Senior Program Assistant
ELIZABETH EULLER, Senior Program Assistant
LaNITA JONES, Administrative Coordinator
E. JONATHAN YANGER, Research Associate
1
NAE, National Academy of Engineering.
v
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
1
ANDREW BROWN, NAE, Delphi Corporation (retired), Troy, Michigan, Chair
DAVID ALLEN, University of Texas at Austin
W. TERRY BOSTON, NAE, PJM Interconnection, LLC, Audobon, Pennsylvania
2
WILLIAM BRINKMAN, NAS, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
EMILY CARTER, NAS, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
CHRISTINE EHLIG-ECONOMIDES, NAE, Texas A&M University, College Station
DEBBIE NIEMEIER, University of California, Davis
MARGO OGE, Environmental Protection Agency (retired), McLean, Virginia
MICHAEL OPPENHEIMER, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
JACKALYNE PFANNENSTIEL, Independent Consultant, Piedmont, California
DAN REICHER, Stanford University, Stanford, California
BERNARD ROBERTSON, NAE, DaimlerChrysler (retired), Bloomfeld Hills, Michigan
DOROTHY ROBYN, Consultant, Washington, D.C.
GARY ROGERS, Roush Industries, Livonia, Michigan
ALISON SILVERSTEIN, Consultant, Pfugerville, Texas
MARK THIEMENS, NAS, University of California, San Diego
ADRIAN ZACCARIA, NAE, Bechtel Group, Inc. (retired), Frederick, Maryland
MARY LOU ZOBACK, NAS, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Staff
JAMES J. ZUCCHETTO, Director, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
DANA CAINES, Financial Manager
LINDA CASOLA, Senior Program Assistant
ALAN CRANE, Senior Scientist
ELIZABETH EULLER, Senior Program Assistant
K. JOHN HOLMES, Associate Board Director
LaNITA JONES, Administrative Coordinator
MARTIN OFFUTT, Senior Program Offcer
E. JONATHAN YANGER, Research Associate
ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Associate Program Offcer
1
NAE, National Academy of Engineering.
2
NAS, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
vi
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
Preface
This report is the third in a series of three by the National LSFC was 4.85 gallons per 1,000 ton-miles, compared to
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine1 that 10.6 gallons per 1,000 ton-miles for the 2009 baseline.
have reviewed the research and development (R&D) projects The 50 percent BTE and the 4.85 and 5.7 gallons per 1,000
carried out by the 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), ton-miles LSFC values are signifcant accomplishments and
which was formed in 2001 to reduce fuel usage and emis- could not have been achieved without the ARRA funds since
sions in trucks of Classes 3 through 8. The 21CTP has made the overall DOE budget in normal years was not suffcient to
signifcant progress since the Academies issued its frst report take on a project like this. The results of this R&D program
in 2008. The early R&D was largely component-based, but, will have an impact on reducing the demand for diesel fuel
as a result of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) American used in heavy-duty vehicles, which is projected to increase
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds in 2009, each year. The report makes a number of recommendations
21CTP was able to fund four SuperTruck projects, which to further the R&D goals of the 21CTP in the next 5 years.
combined all the component technology and aerodynamic The committee appreciates the effort by the personnel
i mprovements of the tractor and trailer into a Class 8 tractor- from DOE, the Department of Transportation (DOT), the
trailer to demonstrate and achieve the goal of 50 percent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of
brake thermal effciency (BTE) for the diesel engine in a Defense (DOD)-Army, and all the companies and national
cruise condition, while meeting the 2010 heavy-duty die- laboratories that prepared presentations and hosted our visits.
sel emissions standards. One truck has achieved a freight The help of these members of the Partnership enabled us to
effciency of over 175 ton-miles per gallon, compared to a get the latest data and information, which was very important
2009 model baseline effciency of 99 ton-miles per gallon. for the committee’s preparation of this report.
In terms of fuel economy, the truck achieved 10.7 miles per
gallon (mpg), compared to the baseline truck at 6.45 mpg. John H. Johnson, Chair
As for load-specifc fuel consumption (LSFC), the truck Committee to Review the 21st Century
achieved 5.7 gallons/1,000 ton-miles, down 43 percent from Truck Partnership, Phase 3
the baseline LSFC of 10.0 gallons/1,000 ton-miles. A portion
of the improvement on a ton-mile basis came from weight
reduction, which allows extra freight to be carried.
A second truck has doubled fuel economy from a 2009
baseline of 6.1 mpg to 12.2 mpg over one long-haul route,
with a 120 percent increase in freight effciency in ton-miles
per gallon from a 2009 baseline of 94 ton-miles per gallon to
206 ton-miles per gallon. LSFC was reduced by 55 percent
on one route and by 49 percent on a second, lower speed
route. On the route that produced the 12.2 mpg result, the
1 Effective July 1, 2015, the institution is called the National Academies
of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. References in this report to the
National Research Council are used in a historic context identifying pro-
grams prior to July 1.
vii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report
Acknowledgments
The Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Part- Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent
nership, Phase 3, is grateful to the representatives of the review is to provide candid and critical comments that will
21st Century Truck Partnership, including the four govern- assist the institution in making its published report as sound
ment agencies—the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional
Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the
of Transportation, and the U.S. Department of Defense- study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript
Army—and to the representatives of companies and national remain confdential to protect the integrity of the deliberative
laboratories who contributed signifcantly of their time and process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their
effort to this National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, review of this report:
and Medicine1 study by giving presentations at meetings or
responding to committee requests for information, as well as Paul Blumberg (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired),
hosting members of the committee at site visits. The com- William Brinkman (NAS), Princeton University,
mittee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of other Andrew Brown, Jr. (NAE), Delphi Corporation (retired),
individuals who provided information and presentations at Joseph Colucci (NAE), General Motors Company
the committee’s open meetings. Appendix B lists all of those (retired),
presentations. Duke Drinkard, Southeastern Freight Lines,
The committee offers its special appreciation to Ken David Merrion, Merrion Expert Consulting,
Howden, director, 21st Century Truck Partnership, U.S. Margo Oge, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Offce, for (retired),
his signifcant contributions in coordinating responses to Craig Philip (NAE), Vanderbilt University,
its questions and in making presentations to the commit- Gary Rogers, Roush Industries, Inc.,
tee, as well as Michael Laughlin, Energetics Incorporated, Dale Stein (NAE), Michigan Technological University,
who assisted Ken in submitting data and information to the R. Rhoads Stephenson, Technology Consultant, and
committee. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the Michael Tunnell, American Transportation Research
committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy Institute.
and Environmental Systems for organizing and planning the
committee meetings and gathering information and drafting Although the reviewers listed above have provided many
sections of the report. Jim Zucchetto in particular has done constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked
an outstanding job of facilitating the work of the committee to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they
and helping it to write a focused and timely report. Liz Euller see the fnal draft of the report before its release. The review
provided effcient and very helpful support to its meetings, of this report was overseen by Douglas Chapin (NAE), who
site visits, and report production. was responsible for making certain that an independent
This report has been reviewed in draft form by indi- examination of this report was carried out in accordance with
viduals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical institutional procedures and that all review comments were
expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the carefully considered. Responsibility for the fnal content of
this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and
1 The National Research Council is now referred to as the Na- the institution.
tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
ix
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.