Reutilización de Materiales y Elementos de Construcción - Bill Addis

225 Pages·2010·11.13 MB·Spanish

2958 J&J Reclaimed Material 7/3/06 1:12 pm Page i
Building with
Reclaimed Components and Materials
2958 J&J Reclaimed Material 7/3/06 1:12 pm Page ii
2958 J&J Reclaimed Material 7/3/06 1:12 pm Page iii
Building with
Reclaimed Components
and Materials
A Design Handbook for
Reuse and Recycling
Bill Addis
London • Sterling,VA
2958 J&J Reclaimed Material 7/3/06 1:12 pm Page iv
First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2006
Copyright © Bill Addis, 2006
All rights reserved
ISBN-10: 1-84407-274-6
ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-274-3
Typesetting by FISHBooks
Printed and bound in the UK by MPGBooks Limited, Bodmin
Cover design by Yvonne Booth
Cover images: top left, photo by BSRIA; top right, Duchi shoe shop, The Netherlands (by courtesy of 2012
Architecten); bottom left, Canalside West, Huddersfield, UK (by courtesy of Ove Arup); bottom right, photo by
Buro Happold.
For a full list of publications please contact:
Earthscan
8–12 Camden High Street
London, NW1 0JH, UK
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.earthscan.co.uk
22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA
Earthscan is an imprint of James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd and publishes in association with the
International Institute for Environment and Development
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Addis, William, 1949–
Building with reclaimed components and materials: a design handbook for reuse and recycling/Bill Addis.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical reference and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-274-3
ISBN-10: 1-84407-274-6
1. Building materials. 2. Recycling (Waste, etc.) I. Title.
TA403.6.A37 2006
691–dc22
200503263
Printed on recycled paper with a minimum of 75 per cent de-inked post-consumer waste content.
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Contents
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes vii
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
Introduction 1
1 The World of Reclamation,Reuse and Recycling 5
Why do it? 5
Reclamation, reuse and recycling are not new ideas 9
The basic concepts of reclamation, reuse and recycling 12
The reuse and recycling market place 16
2 Case Studies of Reuse and Recycling 25
Swedish student accommodation made from reclaimed materials 25
BedZED, London, UK 26
The C.K. Choi Building, University of British Columbia, Canada 31
The reclaimed vicarage, Birmingham, UK 34
Using recycled-content building products in the US 40
BRE Building 16: The ‘energy-efficient office of the future’, Garston, UK 42
The Earth Centre, Sheffield, UK 43
Westborough School, Southend, UK 45
Canalside West, Huddersfield, UK 48
Reusing structural steelwork 50
Fitout of Duchi shoe shop, Scheveningen, Netherlands 54
3 Making Reclamation,Reuse and Recycling Happen 55
Not the ‘usual’ approach to design and procurement 55
Decision-making 58
Opportunities for reuse and recycling 62
Seeking and finding the buildings, goods and materials 71
Ensuring reclamation, reuse and recycling happens 82
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vi Building with Reclaimed Components and Materials:A Design Handbook for Reuse and Recycling
4 Design Guidance:Foundations and Retaining Structures 87
Building foundations 87
Reuse of foundations in situ 89
Use of reclaimed products and materials 93
Recycled-content building products 94
Case studies 96
5 Design Guidance:Building Structure 101
Reuse, reclamation and recycling in the structure of buildings 101
Masonry (load-bearing and non-load-bearing) 109
Structural frame: Timber 114
Structural frame: Iron and steel 118
Structural frame: In situ concrete and precast concrete 122
Floors in the structural frame 132
6 Design Guidance:Building Envelope 135
Reclamation, reuse and recycling in the building envelope 135
Cladding systems 138
Roofing 141
Waterproofing 143
Case studies: Façade reuse and refurbishment 145
7 Design Guidance:Enclosure,Interiors and External Works 149
Space enclosure: Partitions, insulation, ceilings, raised floors 149
Windows 151
Doors 153
Stairs and balustrades 154
Surface finishes/floor coverings 157
Furniture and equipment 158
Sanitary, laundry and cleaning equipment 160
External works 161
8 Design Guidance:Mechanical and Electrical Services 165
Mechanical and electrical services 165
Mechanical heating/cooling/refrigeration systems 171
Ventilation and air-conditioning systems 173
Piped supply and disposal systems 175
Electrical supply, power and lighting systems 178
Information and communications products 181
Lifts and escalators 182
Appendices 185
Index 207
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Figures, Tables and Boxes
Figures
1.1 The environmental footprint of mankind’s activities at Western levels
is already greater than three Earths 6
1.2 The linear life cycle of materials and goods 13
1.3 A closed-loop life cycle for materials 13
1.4 The Delft Ladder showing life-cycle material flows 14
1.5 Reclamation, reuse and recycling: The waste industry view 18
1.6 Reclamation, reuse and recycling: The demolition industry view 19
1.7 Reclamation, reuse and recycling: The recycling and manufacturing industries view 20
1.8 Reclamation, reuse and recycling: The salvage industry view 20
1.9 Reclamation, reuse and recycling: The design team and client view 21
1.10 The virtuous circle: Design for deconstruction and reuse 22
2.1 Beddington Zero Energy Development, South London 27
2.2 Reclaimed steel columns and beams at BedZED 28
2.3 Choi building: Exterior, showing reclaimed brickwork 31
2.4 Choi building: Reclaimed structural timber 32
2.5 Choi building: Detail of structural timber showing evidence of its previous life 32
2.6 The ‘reclaimed vicarage’, Birmingham, UK: Architect’s model 37
2.7 School desktops will be used to form the walls of the vicarage 37
2.8 Suitable windows have been identified in a school to be demolished 37
2.9 Cupboards will be reclaimed from school to be demolished 37
2.10 The Earth Centre, near Sheffield, UK; reclaimed radiators fixed to walls made for gabions
filled with reclaimed stone 43
2.11 New classroom at Westborough School, constructed largely from cardboard made
from recycled paper 45
2.12 Interior showing columns made from recycled paper (as cardboard) and kitchen
worktop and cupboard doors made from recycled plastic 46
2.13 Ventilation duct in toilet made from recycled paper (as cardboard) and cubicle partitions
made from recycled plastic 46
2.14 Interior of the disused mill prior to reuse of structure and refurbishment 48
2.15 Cross section of jack-arch floor showing reduction of dead load and strengthening 49
2.16 Jack arches were removed in some bays to provide space for new staircases and services risers 50
2.17 Interior of the refurbished building showing new windows, cleaned jack arches and
exposed structure 50
2.18 Environmental profile of reclaimed steel versus new steel 51
2.19 Structure of new building constructed with reclaimed steel 53
2.20 Shelves for shoes are made from reclaimed car windscreens 54
2.21 Seating for customers is made from reclaimed timber 54
3.1 Flow chart of normal design 56
3.2 Flow chart of design with reclaimed products and materials 56
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viii Building with Reclaimed Components and Materials:A Design Handbook for Reuse and Recycling
3.3 Project team for normal design 57
3.4 Project team for reuse design 57
4.1 Flow chart of appraisal/assessment process 90
4.2 Reclaimed steel pipes are refurbished by the firm Greenpiles and used to form
piles for foundations 94
4.3 Screw piles used at Eastbrook End visitor centre, England 95
4.4 Tobacco Dock, East London, UK (1812–13): The 17-metre-span (54 feet) timber roof trusses are
supported on cast-iron columns resting on granite vaults resting on timber piles 96
4.5 Several timber piles that would not be needed were extracted, inspected and found
to be in excellent condition 97
4.6 Details of the foundation and water recharge system to ensure the timber piles
will never dry out 98
4.7 The tops of Jenney’s original piles for the Fair Department Store, Chicago (1890)
awaiting new pile caps and foundation structure 99
5.1 Winterton House: The naked steel frame and core awaiting new floors and façade 102
5.2 The new façade is partially supported from above by a new structure fixed to the top
of the original reinforced-concrete building core 102
5.3 Flow chart of the process of appraisal/assessment of a structure 103
5.4 Rail tracks installed at ground level 105
5.5 Method for transferring the weight of the Museum Hotel from the foundations
to the railway bogies 106
5.6 The Museum Hotel on the move 107
5.7 Load-bearing stone walls at the East Mill, Huddersfield before refurbishment 112
5.8 The building after renovation as the maths/computer department of the University of Huddersfield 112
5.9 Sheltered accommodation for the elderly built from reclaimed bricks, Tewkesbury, UK 113
6.1 Reclaimed roof tiles and slates are widely available in architectural salvage yards 142
6.2 The retention structure for Shorts Gardens façade 144
6.3 The retention structure for the Georgian terrace façade 145
6.4 Endell Street, London: Plan of site 145
6.5 Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester, UK: The curtain wall prior to refurbishment 146
6.6 Several refurbished panels (left) demonstrate the improvement compared to the adjacent
existing panels (right) 147
6.7 Queen Street Place, London, UK: Granite panels removed from the original façade 147
6.8 The stainless-steel fixings were also inspected and reconditioned or replaced, as necessary 147
6.9 The new granite façade nearing completion, flanked by the reglazed aluminium framed windows 148
7.1 Revolving door 154
7.2 Stone staircase (c.1700) at Hampton Court Palace, near London 155
7.3 Cast-iron staircase immediately prior to reclamation and reuse 156
7.4 Rubber recycled from car tyres being laid to form an artificial surface for outdoor sports 162
7.5 Reclaimed timber in Crumbles Castle, a children’s adventure playground near Kings Cross, London 163
8.1 Cast-iron radiators stored in an architectural salvage yard 172
A1.1 Schematic diagram showing how the ecopoint score for a building design is derived 195
Tables
1.1 Selected reclaimed products and materials 6
1.2 Average end-of-life scenario data for steel in European Union 6
1.3 Recovery and reuse targets 11
2.1 Summary of reclaimed and recycled materials used 27
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Figures ix
2.2 Sample table for assigning tasks 38
2.3 Factors influencing choice of purchase 39
2.4 Purchase decision-making 39
2.5 Recycled materials used at Westborough School 45
3.1 Sample table 71
3.2 Foundations and retaining structures 73
3.3 Building structure 74
3.4 Building envelope 76
3.5 Enclosure, interiors and external walls 77
3.6 Mechanical and electrical services 79
4.1 Relative impacts of options for foundations in new buildings 88
4.2. Methods of assessing existing pile capacity 91
5.1 Qualitative comparison of key properties of cast and wrought iron and steel 119
A1.1 Credits in BREEAM-for-Offices (2005) and EcoHomes relating to reuse/recycling 196
A1.2 Credits in LEED version 2.1 relating to reuse/recycling 197
A1.3 Credits in GBTool (Version 1.82, 2002) relating to reuse/recycling 198
Boxes
1.1 Options for end-of-life of vehicles by Honda 11
1.2 Altran Technologies: Design for Disassembly 12
1.3 Key to the Delft Ladder 15
1.4 A recycling protocol devised by Salvo 17
2.1 Assessment procedure for reclaimed steel sections 52
3.1 Key to the tables 72
5.1 Specifications for RCA in the UK 129
8.1 Key actions for manufacturers of building-services equipment to facilitate reuse,
reconditioning and recycling 166