Respiration

298 Pages·2016·22.05 MB·English

"Financed from the financial support ELTE won from the Higher Education
Restructuring Fund of the Hungarian Government"
History of Microbiology
Dr Erika Tóth
ELTE, Department of Microbiology
Figures and images, when not indicated, are adapted of the Hungarian book „Bevezetés a
prokarióták világába” (Introduction to the world of prokaryotes), written by the staff of the
Department of Microbiology,
ELTE- http://www.eltereader.hu/media/2014/04/Bevezetes_a_prokariotak_vilagaba.pdf
Infections, diseases; Herodote: BC. 700. 185.000 death in pestis….
Girolamo Fracastoro (XVI. century)
Spreading of the „contagion”:
„contagium vivum”
Direct contact
With objects
Through air
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/girolamo-fracastoro- http://foxylibrarians.blogspot.hu/2007/03/pox-on-you.html
427.php
Description of symptoms of syphilis
Robert Hooke
(1635-1703 ) 1665: description of hyphae - 1. publication
about microbes
http://blogs.toorakcollege.vic.edu.au/georgiaf1/category/science/
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) – father of microscope
Protists, spermium,
http://physicsmuseum.uq.edu.au/van-leeuwenhoek-
microscope-replica
white blood cells,
Lenses:
muscles, bacteria
270x magnification
inhabiting the
mouth
observations:
Royal Society, London
(300 letters)
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799)
Contamination/infection of media from the air

Nicolas Appert (1749-1841)
closed containers, conservation
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Lazzaro_Spallanzani
#/media/File:Spallanzani.jpg
http://www.angelfire.com/dc/apgenetics/evolution.htm
Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
vaccination
(vacca = cow)
Vaccination against pox virus
http://biologyonline.us/Microbiology/Fall%2008%20White%20Earth/
Micro%20Lab%20Manual/Lab%208/Jenner.htm
Ferdinand Cohn (1828 - 1898)
Basics of bacteriology
Classification based on morphology
Genus Bacillus
„Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen”
http://www.britannica.com/biography/
Ferdinand-Cohn
Joseph Lister (1827 - 1912)
Antiseptic theory in the surgical practice
carbol spray (phenol) against germs in
the air

http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/josep
h-lister-508.php
Lactic acid fermentation

Bacterium lactis -
pure culture
http://portageartist.com/joseph-lister-1827-1914/
Semmelweis, Ignác Fülöp (1815 - 1865)
 Hungarian physician - the "savior of
mothers"
 1847: the incidence of puerperal
fever could be drastically cut by the
use of hand disinfection (hand
washing with chlorinated lime
solution)
 Puerperal fever (or childbed fever)
http://radiologia.blog.hu/tags/sem
melweis_ign%C3%A1c was common in mid-19th-century
hospitals and often fatal, with
mortality at 10%–35%.
Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)
 French chemist and
microbiologist
 Vaccine for rabies and anthrax,
etc.
 Experiments supported the
germ theory of diseases
 Inventing a method to reveal
the „illnesses of beer” →
basics of food industry, a
process that came to be called
pasteurization
http://www.biography.com/people/louis-pasteur-9434402
 He is regarded as one of the
three main founders of
microbiology
 Discoveries in the field of
chemistry