Resource Manual for Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9th Edition

482 Pages·2011·3.49 MB·English

by  Denise F. Polit PhD FAAN

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Resource Manual for
Nursing Research
GENERATING AND ASSESSING EVIDENCE
FOR NURSING PRACTICE
NINTH EDITION
Denise F. Polit, PhD, FAAN
President
Humanalysis, Inc.
Saratoga Springs, New York, and
Professor
Griffith University School of Nursing
Gold Coast, Australia
(www.denisepolit.com)
Cheryl Tatano Beck, DNSc, CNM, FAAN
Distinguished Professor
School of Nursing
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
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Ninth edition
ISBN-13: 978-1-60547-782-4
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Preface
This Resource Manualfor the 9thedition of Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing
Evidence for Nursing Practicecomplements and strengthens the textbook in important
ways. The manual provides opportunities to reinforce the acquisition of basic research
skills through systematic learning exercises, and we have placed particular emphasis on
exercises that involve careful reading and critiquing of actual studies. Critiquing skills
are increasingly important in an environment that promotes evidence-based nursing
practice. Moreover, the ability to think critically about research decisions is fundamental
to being able to design and plan one’s own study.
Full research reports and a grant application are included in 13 appendices to this
Resource Manual. These reports, which represent a rich array of research endeavors,
form the basis for exercises in each chapter. There are reports of quantitative and quali-
tative studies, an evidence-based practice project report, an instrument development
paper, a meta-analysis, and a metasynthesis. We are particularly excited about being able
to include a full grant application that was funded by the National Institute of Nursing
Research, together with the Study Section’s summary sheet. We firmly believe that noth-
ing is more illuminating than a good model when it comes to research communication.
A relatively new feature of this Resource Manual—added in the 8thedition—is the
Toolkit, which offers important research resources to beginning and advanced
researchers. Our mission was to include easily adaptable tools for a broad range of
research situations. In our own careers as researchers, we have found that adapting
existing forms, manuals, or protocols is far more efficient and productive than “starting
from scratch.” By making these tools available as Word files, we have made it possible
for you to adapt tools to meet your specific needs, without the tedium of having to
re-type basic information. We wish we had had this Toolkit in our early years as
researchers! We think seasoned researchers are likely to find parts of the Toolkit useful
as well.
The Resource Manualconsists of 29 chapters—one chapter corresponding to every
chapter in the textbook. Each chapter has relevant resources and exercises and answers
to exercises for which there are objective answers are included at the back of the book in
Appendix N. Each of the 29 chapters consists of four components:
• A Crossword Puzzle.Terms and concepts presented in the textbook are reinforced in
an entertaining and challenging fashion through crossword puzzles.
• Study Questions.Each chapter contains several short individual exercises relevant to
the materials in the textbook.
• Application Exercises.These exercises are geared to helping you to read, comprehend,
and critique nursing studies. These exercises focus on studies in the appendices and
ask questions that are relevant to the content covered in the textbook. There are two
iii
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iv Preface
sets of questions—Questions of Factand Questions for Discussion.The Questions of
Fact will help you to read the report and find specific types of information related to
the content covered in the textbook. For these questions, there are “right” and
“wrong” answers. For example, for the chapter on sampling, a question might ask:
How many people participated in this study? The Questions for Discussion, by con-
trast, require an assessment of the merits of various features of the study. For example,
a question might ask: Was there a sufficient number of study participants in this
study? The second set of questions can be the basis for classroom discussions.
• Toolkit (cid:2). This section, on the accompanying CD-ROM, includes tools and
resources that can save you time—and that will hopefully result in higher-quality
tools than might otherwise have been the case. Each chapter has tools appropriate
for the content covered in the textbook.
We hope that you will find these resources rewarding, enjoyable, and useful in your
effort to develop and hone skills needed in critiquing and doing research.
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Contents
PART 1
Foundations of Nursing Research 1
1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice
Environment 2
2 Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice 7
3 Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research 12
PART 2
Conceptualizing and Planning a Study to Generate
Evidence for Nursing 21
4 Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses 22
5 Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence 28
6 Theoretical Frameworks 35
7 Ethics in Nursing Research 41
8 Planning a Nursing Study 47
PART 3
Designing and Conducting Quantitative Studies
to Generate Evidence for Nursing 53
9 Quantitative Research Design 54
10 Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research 60
11 Specific Types of Quantitative Research 66
12 Sampling in Quantitative Research 71
13 Data Collection in Quantitative Research 76
14 Measurement and Data Quality 83
15 Developing and Testing Self-Report Scales 88
16 Descriptive Statistics 93
17 Inferential Statistics 100
18 Multivariate Statistics 108
19 Processes of Quantitative Data Analysis and Interpretation 114
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vi Contents
PART 4
Designing and Conducting Qualitative Studies
to Generate Evidence for Nursing 119
20 Qualitative Research Design and Approaches 120
21 Sampling in Qualitative Research 126
22 Data Collection in Qualitative Research 131
23 Qualitative Data Analysis 137
24 Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research 144
PART 5
Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Studies
to Generate Evidence for Nursing 149
25 Overview of Mixed Methods Research 150
26 Developing Complex Nursing Interventions
Using Mixed Methods Research 157
PART 6
Building an Evidence Base for Nursing Practice 163
27 Systematic Reviews of ResearchEvidence: Meta-Analysis,
Metasynthesis, and Mixed Studies Review 164
28 Disseminating Evidence: Reporting Research Findings 171
29 Writing Proposals to Generate Evidence 176
Appendix A: Changes in Childhood Risk Taking and Safety Behavior
After a Peer Group Media Intervention 181
Appendix B: Rooting for the Breast: Breastfeeding Promotion
in the NICU 197
Appendix C: A Nurse-Facilitated Depression Screening Program
in an Army Primary Care Clinic 208
Appendix D: Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program to
Primary Care 221
Appendix E: The Arm: There Is No Escaping the Reality for
Mothers of Children With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries 238
Appendix F: Why Do Elders Delay Responding to Heart
Failure Symptoms? 252
Appendix G: Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes’ Management
of Turning Points and Transitions 266
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Contents vii
Appendix H: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychoeducation
Program for the Self-Management of Chronic Cardiac Pain 279
*Critique of Study 296
Appendix I: Differences in Perceptions of the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure Therapy Among Adherers and Nonadherers 306
*Critique of Study 331
Appendix J: The Development and Testing of the Nursing
Teamwork Survey 338
Appendix K: A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Promote
Mammography Among Ethnic Minority Women 352
Appendix L: Strangers in Strange Lands: A Metasynthesis of
Lived Experiences of Immigrant Asian Nurses Working in
Western Countries 365
Appendix M: Older Adults’ Response to Health Care Practitioner
Pain Communication: Grant Application to NINR 387
Appendix N: Answers to Selected Resource Manual Exercises 428
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