Resource Allocation and Performance Optimization in Communication Networks and the Internet

524 Pages·2017·16.93 MB·English

by  Liansheng Tan

Resource Allocation and Performance Optimization in
Communication Networks and the Internet

Resource Allocation and Performance Optimization in
Communication Networks and the Internet
LianshengTan
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Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................................xix
Chapter1 IntroductiontoWirelessNetworks:EvolvingCommunicationTechnology...........1
1.1 EvolutionofWirelessNetworks.....................................................................1
1.2 1GWirelessNetworks....................................................................................2
1.3 2GWirelessNetworks....................................................................................4
1.4 3GWirelessNetworks....................................................................................7
1.5 4GWirelessNetworks....................................................................................9
1.6 5GWirelessNetworks..................................................................................11
1.7 FutureTrendsonWirelessCommunicationNetworks.................................18
1.7.1 SupportingCloudComputing..........................................................18
1.7.2 SupportingIoT.................................................................................19
Chapter2 NetworkUtilityMaximization(NUM)Theory.....................................................21
2.1 UtilityandUtilityFunction..........................................................................21
2.2 NUMTheory................................................................................................28
2.3 ApplicationofNUM:ReverseEngineeringofTCPReno...........................30
Chapter3 CongestionControlApproaches:PrimalAlgorithm,DualAlgorithm,
andPrimal-DualAlgorithm...................................................................................35
3.1 BasicModelforCongestionControlintheInternet....................................37
3.2 SolvingtheSaddleEquilibriumPointEquationstoObtainthe
IndividualFlowRateVectorandtheLinkPriceVector...............................38
3.3 ExampleofSolvingtheSaddleEquilibriumPointEquations......................42
3.4 PrimalAlgorithm..........................................................................................45
3.5 DualAlgorithm.............................................................................................47
3.6 Primal-DualAlgorithm.................................................................................49
3.7 StabilityofPrimal-DualAlgorithmstowardSatisfactoryPerformance.......50
3.7.1 AnalysestothePrimal-DualAlgorithm..........................................51
3.7.2 StabilityResultsforaDumbbellNetwork.......................................55
3.7.3 Applications to Protocol Design and Parameter Setting of
FASTTCP........................................................................................59
3.7.4 SimulationResults...........................................................................60
3.7.5 MoreResultsonParameterTuningofFASTTCP..........................65
3.7.6 AnalysesoftheFASTTCPModelandResultsonStability...........66
3.7.7 SimulationVerification....................................................................70
3.7.8 ConcludingRemarks........................................................................71
3.8 StabilityAnalysesofaPrimal-DualAlgorithm:FASTTCPoverRED.......72
3.8.1 Primal-DualModel:DefinitionsandNotations...............................72
3.8.2 ModifiedModelofFASTTCP........................................................72
3.8.3 Closed-LoopFeedbackSystemofFASTTCP/RED.......................73
3.8.4 StabilityAnalysis.............................................................................73
vii
viii Contents
3.8.5 SimulationResults...........................................................................76
3.8.6 Conclusions......................................................................................76
Chapter4 FASTTCPandExtensions....................................................................................77
4.1 NovelVirtualPriceFASTTCPCongestionControlApproach...................77
4.1.1 LinkAlgorithmandSourceAlgorithm............................................78
4.1.1.1 LinkAlgorithm:VirtualPricingApproach.....................78
4.1.1.2 SourceAlgorithm:ModifiedFormofFASTTCP...........79
4.1.2 SimulationResults...........................................................................79
4.1.3 ConcludingRemarks........................................................................82
4.2 GeneralizedFASTTCPScheme..................................................................82
4.2.1 GeneralizedFASTTCP...................................................................83
4.2.2 StabilityAnalyses............................................................................88
4.2.3 Fairness-ScalabilityTrade-Off.........................................................92
4.2.4 SimulationResults...........................................................................93
4.2.5 ConcludingRemarks........................................................................95
4.3 NewFASTTCPVariantConsideringPacketLoss.......................................98
4.3.1 OptimizationProblem......................................................................99
4.3.2 NewFlow-LevelModelofFASTTCP..........................................100
4.3.3 SimulationResults.........................................................................103
4.3.4 ConcludingRemarks......................................................................103
Chapter5 FairnessandBandwidthAllocation.....................................................................105
5.1 GeneralDescriptionofMax–MinFairness................................................105
5.2 Max–MinandMin–MaxFairnessinEuclideanSpaces.............................106
5.2.1 DefinitionsandUniqueness...........................................................106
5.2.2 Max–MinFairnessandLeximinOrdering.....................................107
5.2.3 ExistenceandMax–MinAchievableSets.....................................108
5.3 MPAlgorithmandWFAlgorithm.............................................................109
5.3.1 MPAlgorithm................................................................................109
5.3.2 WFAlgorithm................................................................................110
5.4 ProportionalFairness..................................................................................111
5.4.1 Fast Transmission Control Protocol: Realization of Weighted
PFinBandwidthAllocation..........................................................113
5.4.2 WeightedProportionalFairandFASTTCP..................................113
5.4.3 ProportionalFairResourceAllocationinWirelessNetworks.......115
5.5 (p,β)-ProportionalFairness.......................................................................122
5.6 Utility Fairness Index: A New Measure of Fairness for Utility-Aware
BandwidthAllocation.................................................................................125
5.6.1 Introduction....................................................................................125
5.6.2 UtilityFairnessIndex.....................................................................126
5.6.3 NumericalExamples......................................................................127
5.6.4 Conclusions....................................................................................131
5.7 FurtherDiscussionsonFairSharingResourcePoliciesinthe
ContextofCommunicationNetworks........................................................131
Chapter6 Fair Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms for Ring Metropolitan Area
Networks..............................................................................................................133
6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................133
6.2 BasicConceptsofRPRFairnessAlgorithms.............................................134
6.3 AM,CM,andDVSRAlgorithms...............................................................136
Contents ix
6.3.1 AggressiveModeandConservativeMode....................................136
6.3.2 AMAlgorithm...............................................................................138
6.3.3 CMAlgorithm................................................................................139
6.4 DVSRAlgorithm........................................................................................140
6.4.1 PerformanceComparisonsofAM,CM,andDVSR......................142
Chapter7 Efficient and Fair Bandwidth Allocation for Wide and Metropolitan
AreaNetworks.....................................................................................................147
7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................147
7.2 BandwidthAllocationonaSingleLink.....................................................148
7.3 NewWeightFunctionforGWFairness......................................................149
7.4 ABAAlgorithm .........................................................................................150
7.4.1 TrafficControl................................................................................150
7.4.2 DescriptionoftheABAAlgorithm................................................150
7.4.3 StabilityAnalysestotheABAAlgorithm.....................................152
7.5 ApplicationoftheABAAlgorithmtotheRingMetropolitan
AreaNetworks............................................................................................157
7.6 Conclusions.................................................................................................157
Chapter8 Trade-OffApproachbetweentheEfficiencyandFairnessforNetworks............159
8.1 GeneralBackgroundonFairnessandEfficiencyTrade-OffIssue..............159
8.2 (α,β)-Fairness:GeneralConceptforBalancingtheFairness
andEfficiency.............................................................................................159
8.3 NonlinearProgramFormulationinTermsof(α,β)-Fairness....................163
8.4 AnalysesandSolutionMethodologies.......................................................164
8.5 NumericalStudies.......................................................................................168
8.5.1 Example1:LinearNetworkwithUniformCapacity.....................169
8.5.2 Example2:LinearNetworkwithTwoLongFlows.......................172
8.5.3 Example3:12-NodeNetwork.......................................................176
8.5.4 Example4:CasewithaRemoteNode..........................................180
8.6 ResourceAllocationinTermsofα-Fairness..............................................183
8.6.1 α-FairnessandanOptimizationModelforTrade-Off
betweenTotalRevenueandFairness.............................................184
8.6.2 TwoIllustratingExamples.............................................................186
8.7 Conclusions.................................................................................................189
Chapter9 FairnessComparisonsamongtheLeadingHigh-SpeedProtocols......................191
9.1 FairnessComparisonbetweenFASTTCPandTCPReno.........................191
9.1.1 TheMetric......................................................................................192
9.1.2 Fairness Comparison of FAST TCP Versus TCP Reno for a
GeneralNetwork............................................................................196
9.1.3 TwoNumericalExamples..............................................................197
9.1.4 ConcludingRemarks......................................................................199
9.2 FairnessComparisonbetweenFASTTCPandTCPVegas........................200
9.2.1 GeneralBackground,Notations,andModelsofTCPVegasand
FASTTCP......................................................................................200
9.2.2 EquilibriumConditions,UtilityFunctions,andPersistent
Congestion.....................................................................................201
9.2.3 ComparisonoftheFairnessofFASTTCPandTCPVegas ..........203
9.2.4 SimulationResults.........................................................................205
9.2.5 ConcludingRemarks......................................................................208