Table Of ContentAdvanced Research on Asian Economy and Economies of Other Continents – Vol. 8
Resilient States from a
Comparative Regional Perspective
Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia
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Advanced Research on Asian Economy and Economies of
Other Continents
(ISSN: 1793-0944)
Series Editor: Manoranjan DUTTA
(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA)
Published
Vol. 1 Asian Economic Cooperation in the New Millennium:
China’s Economic Presence
Edited by Calla Wiemer (East Asian Institute, National
University of Singapore) & Heping Cao (Peking University, China)
Vol. 2 China’s Industrial Revolution and Economic Presence
by Manoranjan Dutta (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA)
Vol. 3 International Economic Integration and Asia
Edited by Michael G Plummer & Erik Jones
(Johns Hopkins University SAIS-Bologna, Italy)
Vol. 4 Economic Dynamism of Asia in the New Millenium:
From the Asian Crisis to a New Stage of Growth
Edited by Yoshinori Shimizu (Hitotsubashi University, Japan)
Vol. 5 Future Perspectives on the Economic Development of Asia
by John Malcolm Dowling (Singapore Management University, Singapore)
Vol. 6 Asean Economic Integration: Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Finance
by Michael G Plummer (Johns Hopkins University, SAIS-Bologna, and
East-West Center, Italy)
Vol. 7 EU-Asia and the Re-Polarization of the Global Economic Arena
Edited by Lars Oxelheim (Lund University, Sweden & Research Institute of
Industrial Economics, Sweden)
Vol. 8 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective:
Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia
by Bafoil François (Sciences Po Paris, France)
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Advanced Research on Asian Economy and Economies of Other Continents – Vol. 8
Resilient States from a
Comparative Regional Perspective
Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia
François BAFOIL
Sciences Po Paris, France
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI
8554hc_9789814417464_tp.indd 2 8/8/12 11:09 AM
Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bafoil, François.
Resilient states from a comparative regional perspective : Central and Eastern Europe and
Southeast Asia / by François Bafoil.
p. cm. -- (Advanced research on Asian economy and economics of other continents,
ISSN 1793-0944 ; vol. 8)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-9814417464
1. Europe, Central--Economic policy--1989– 2. Europe, Eastern--Economic policy--1989–
3. Southeast Asia--Economic policy. 4. Europe, Eastern--Politics and government--1989–
5. Europe, Central--Politics and government--1989– 6. Southeast Asia--Politics and government.
I. Title.
HC244.B323 2013
330.9--dc23
2012032308
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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b1438 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
CONTENTS
About the Author xi
Introduction xiii
Part I: Introduction — The Destruction
of Historical States 1
Chapter 1: H istory and Geography Matter —
But for What Kind of Legacies? 3
1.1. Lack of Territorial Continuity and Borders: Lack
of Sovereign States 5
1.2. Territorial Imbalances: Inter- and Intra-regional Disparities 9
1.2.1. D isparities between member states
and within both regions 10
1.2.2. Capital cities versus surrounding regions 11
1.2.3. Poverty 13
1.3. Social Structures: Intermediaries and Minorities 17
1.3.1. Active minorities 20
1.3.2. R oms: The combination of territorialization,
poverty and political extremism 25
1.4. Conclusion 26
Chapter 2: D efining a State in Transition 31
2.1. Bureaucracies and Political Economies 33
2.2. Economic Dependency 40
2.3. Regionalism and Regionalization 44
2.4. Conclusion 48
v
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b1438 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
vi Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
Part I: Conclusion — Clusters of Modernized States
in Southeast Asia and CEE 53
Part II: Introduction — Coherence of the Public Policies:
Privatization, Regionalization, Industrial
Relations 61
Chapter 3: T ransforming Economies: From Planned
Economies to More Legal Rules or Towards
Nomenklatura Capitalism? 67
3.1. The Theoretical Framework 69
3.1.1. Political and economic dimensions of corruption 70
3.1.2. Infant, father, client and boss: Patronage and
neo-patrimonalism 72
3.2. The European Transition Period 74
3.2.1. “Red privatization” 75
3.2.2. Domestic transformation in CEE: Privatization
policy 77
3.2.3. The role of the EU in extending corruption 81
3.3. Southeast Asian Political Economies, Liberalized
Economies and Open Regionalism 84
3.3.1. A theory of change 84
3.3.2. “Nomenklatura capitalism” 86
3.3.3. S ingapore, the exceptional case: Rule by law
and nomenklatura capitalism 89
3.4. Comparing CEE with Southeast Asia: From the
Corruption to the Rule 92
3.4.1. Rule of law, rule by law 94
3.5. Conclusion 97
Chapter 4: T ransforming Polities: States, Regions
and Administrations 99
4.1. Regionalization from a Comparative Perspective:
Conditions for Reform and a Comparison of CEE
and Southeast Asia 101
4.1.1. Varieties of EU regionalization 101
4.1.2. Southeast Asia 109
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b1438 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
Contents vii
4.2. Cultural, Political and Economic Regionalism: Further
Comparison of EU and Asian Peculiarities 110
4.2.1. The minorities: A delicate balance 112
4.2.2. T he “administrative reform”: The Asian
and Balkan examples 115
4.2.3. Cambodia 117
4.2.4. The “decentralization reform”: A rare EU reform 119
4.2.5. Poland 119
4.3. Conclusion: Comparing Both Areas 120
Chapter 5: M anaging Firms by Flexibility: The Lack
of Industrial Relations 125
5.1. Globalization and Flexibility 127
5.1.1. Management through flexibility 130
5.1.2. Gender issues 134
5.2. International Rules and Legal Obstacles 137
5.3. Conclusion: Comparing Both Areas 143
Part II: Conclusion 147
PART III: Introduction — EU and ASEAN Enlarged
and Globalized Regions 151
Chapter 6: T he EU and ASEAN: Cohesion Policy
and Export-Oriented Agreements 155
6.1. The EU Cohesion Policy 159
6.1.1. A vision of development: Efficiency and equity 159
6.1.2. A hard public debate 163
6.1.3. Strategy, objectives and tools of development 166
6.2. ASEAN: Cooperation, No Binding Rules
and Step-by-Step Construction 171
6.2.1. ASEAN: A loose regional ensemble 172
6.2.2. P olitical changes and world-wide economic
evolution 174
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b1438 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
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6.2.3. W orld-wide evolution and progressive
construction: Economic exchanges and arenas 175
6.2.4. Step-by-step regional integration? 178
6.3. Comparing Both Regional Areas 180
6.3.1. Regional policy and pro-poor program:
The initiative for Asian integration (IAI) 182
6.4. Conclusion 184
Chapter 7: S tate, Sub-State Designs and Cross-Border
Cooperation 187
7.1. EU Cross and Trans-Border Cooperation 190
7.1.1. The initial model: La Grande region 190
7.1.2. The Euro-region 193
7.2. Beyond Enlargement Policy: Stabilizing Unsecured
Borders with the ENP 198
7.2.1. “No institutions” 199
7.3. The Macro-regions 202
7.3.1. “3 nos”: No new institutions, no new rules,
no new funds 204
7.4. Obstacles and Limits Provisional Conclusion 206
7.5. Southeast Asia, from Coastal Regions
to the Interior 206
7.5.1. Growth poles and special economic zones 208
7.5.2. T he case of SIJORI, IMSGT: Reinforcement
of the central states 211
7.5.3. History and geography matter 212
7.5.4. Asymmetric exchanges and reciprocal dependency 213
7.5.5. The case of GMS: States and a non-state actor 215
7.5.6. The 3 “Cs” 220
7.5.7. The special economic zones 221
7.6. Developing Dependencies 222
7.7. Comparison Between European and Southeastern
Asian Schemes 224
7.7.1. Strategies 224
7.7.2. State aids and regional policies 225
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b1438 Resilient States from a Comparative Regional Perspective
Contents ix
7.7.3. Obstacles 229
7.7.4. C ore and periphery: The “grey zones”
at the local borders 231
7.8. Conclusion 233
Chapter 8: EU and ASEAN Enlargement: Enlarged
Globalization Dynamics 235
8.1. Political Reasons for Enlargement 237
8.2. Beyond Economic Challenges 240
8.3. Political Challenges: Large Versus Small States 243
8.4. Lack of Hegemony 245
8.5. The End of a Dynamic? 247
8.5.1. The limits of western deepening 248
8.5.2. Agricultural policy 250
8.6. Comparing CEE and Southeast Asia 253
8.6.1. Beyond enlargement 254
8.7. Conclusion 256
Part III: Conclusion 257
General Conclusions: Types of Capitalism in
Central Europe and
in Southeast Asia 261
Bibliography 269
Index 291
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