Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Energy 65
Yoshiki Yamagata
Ayyoob Sharifi Editors
Resilience-
Oriented Urban
Planning
Theoretical and Empirical Insights
Lecture Notes in Energy
Volume 65
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Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Shari
(cid:129)
Editors
Resilience-Oriented Urban
Planning
Theoretical and Empirical Insights
123
Editors
Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Sharifi
Centerfor Global Environmental Centerfor Global Environmental
Research Research
National Institute for Environmental National Institute for Environmental
Studies Studies
Tsukuba,Ibaraki Tsukuba,Ibaraki
Japan Japan
ISSN 2195-1284 ISSN 2195-1292 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Energy
ISBN978-3-319-75797-1 ISBN978-3-319-75798-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75798-8
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Preface
Resilience is a topic of interest to researchers, planners, and policymakers as they
prepare toface consequences and complexrisks posed by a broad range of natural
and man-made disasters. The concept has gained prominence in the literature, and
scholars across a broad range of disciplines, including psychology, ecology,
engineering, and social sciences, have utilized resilience as a guiding concept in
research and practice. Since the turn of century, resilience has emerged as a
complement to, and even a substitute for, sustainability. Urban researchers, plan-
ners,andpolicymakersareincreasinglypayingattentiontothisconcept.Resilience
is widely considered as a quality required for meeting various Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) that have recently been set in order to develop com-
munities that are more equal, safe, livable, and sustainable.
In the context of urban planning, resilience thinking can be used to enhance
copingcapacityofbothexistingandfuturedevelopmentsandtohelpthemmaintain
their essential operations. Resilience thinking furthermore advocates considering
disastrous events as windows of opportunity for significant improvements in the
existing conditions and for bouncing forward through transformative adaptation.
Over the past three years, the Global Carbon Project (GCP), as a core project
of the Future Earth initiative, has organized several meetings to discuss various
issuesrelatedtourbanresilience(http://www.cger.nies.go.jp/gcp/activities.html).In
December 2015, GCP organized a workshop on “Tools and Indicators for
AssessingUrbanResilience”atTheUniversityofTokyo,Japan.Astrongscientific
network was established following this event to support future collaborations and
foster dissemination of research findings. As an initial step, the workshop partici-
pants were invited to revise and publish their presentations as chapters that can be
used by a variety of stakeholders, ranging from graduate students to researchers,
planners, and policymakers. It is our great pleasure to see this book as one of the
first outputs of this scientific network.
The book has three parts, each addressing a specific area of concern for the
developmentofresilienturbanenvironments.Theindividualchapterscoverabroad
spectrum of issues related to enhancing the ability of cities to “plan and prepare
for,” “absorb,” “recover from,” and “adapt” to potential adverse consequences of
v
vi Preface
climatechangeandotherthreats.Thespecificfocusofthethreepartswillbeonthe
following three main themes, respectively:
– Planninganddecision-makingprocess:Contributionsrelatedtothisthemeare
focused on various innovative methods and processes needed to incorporate
resilience thinking into urban planning. Among other things, this will include
discussionsonimprovementsand/ormodificationsthatneedtobemadeinhow
citiesaremanagedandparadigmshiftsthatarenecessarytomeetthechallenges
of climate change. In addition, various issues related to assessment of urban
resilience and effectiveness of resilience improvement plans are also discussed
under this theme.
– Casestudies:Thebookalsofeaturesseveralcasestudiesfromaroundtheworld.
Thesecasesshowhowtheoreticalaspectsofurbanresilienceareputintoaction,
what thesuccessstories are,and whatchallenges need tobeovercomeinorder
toenhanceresilienceofurbancommunities.Thesuccessstoriespresentedunder
this theme signify the ever-growing role that cities can play in improving their
resilience and addressing the challenges of climate change.
– Urban form and typologies: Here the focus is on how different urban forms
respondtopotentialthreatsposedbyclimatechange.Aconceptualframeworkis
introduced that can be used for assessing resilience of urban form. This con-
ceptualframework covers issues related to resilience ofurban form elements at
macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. The part related to this theme also includes
contributions that provide theoretical and empirical evidence related to resi-
lienceofsomeoftheurbanformelementsthatwerementionedintheconceptual
framework.
We would like to thank all colleagues who gave up their time to contribute to
thisproject.Wewouldalsolike toappreciatethepartialfinancial supportfromthe
Asia-PacificNetworkforGlobalChangeResearch.Wehopeyouwillenjoyreading
thisbookandhopethat thestrategies proposedinthisbookwillbeusedtobolster
resilienceandsustainabilityofcitiesinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherthreats.
Tsukuba, Japan Yoshiki Yamagata
Ayyoob Sharifi
Highlights
– Innovative planning tools and methodologies (bottom-up and top-down) are
introduced.
– Urban form and its association with urban resilience is investigated.
– Various criteria and indicators for assessing resilience of urban form are
introduced.
– Toolsandmethodologiesforurbanresilienceassessmentareexplored,andtheir
integration with the planning process is discussed.
– Several case studies on urban resilience building activities are presented.
vii
Contents
Part I Integrating Resilience Thinking into Urban Planning
1 Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ayyoob Sharifi and Yoshiki Yamagata
2 Resilience Matrix for Comprehensive Urban
Resilience Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cate Fox-Lent and Igor Linkov
3 Urban Informality and Planning: Challenges
to Mainstreaming Resilience in Indian Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Minal Pathak and Darshini Mahadevia
4 Designing a ‘Fit-for-Purpose’ Approach to Tracking
Progress on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience:
Learning from Local Governments in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Susie Moloney and Heather McClaren
Part II Case Studies
5 European Municipalities Engaging in Climate Change
Mitigation and Adaptation Networks: Examining the Case
of the Covenant of Mayors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Wolfgang Haupt
6 Barcelona Experience in Resilience: An Integrated
Governance Model for Operationalizing Urban Resilience . . . . . . . 111
Lorenzo Chelleri
7 Resilience Concepts and Planning Realities: How Quy
Nhon Is Becoming a Resilient City by Integrating
Climate Change Adaptation into Master Plans? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Jiwnath Ghimire, Kim Chi Vu and Hang Nguyen Thi Thuy
ix
x Contents
8 When a Disaster Risk Reduction Policy Fails in the
Implementation Stage: Eroding Community Resilience
and Traditional Architecture in Iranian Villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Boshra Khoshnevis and Lorenzo Chelleri
Part III Urban Form and Resilience
9 Resilient Urban Form: A Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Ayyoob Sharifi and Yoshiki Yamagata
10 Prospects for Urban Morphology in Resilience Assessment . . . . . . 181
Paul Stangl
11 Is Connectivity a Desirable Property in Urban Resilience
Assessments?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Marta Olazabal, Lorenzo Chelleri and Ayyoob Sharifi
12 Spatially Explicit Land-Use Modelling for Assessing
Climate-Resilient Sustainable Urban Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Yoshiki Yamagata and Daisuke Murakami
