Table Of ContentResilience of Critical
Infrastructure Systems
Taylor and Francis Series in Resilience and
Sustainability in Civil, Mechanical, Aerospace
and Manufacturing Engineering Systems
Series Editor
Mohammad Noori
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo
Published Titles
Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems
Emerging Developments and Future Challenges
Zhishen Wu, Xilin Lu, and Mohammad Noori
For more information about this series, please visit: www.crcpress.com
Resilience of Critical
Infrastructure Systems
Emerging Developments
and Future Challenges
Edited by
Zhishen Wu, Xilin Lu, Mohammad Noori
CRC Press
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Introduction: Challenges and Generic Research Questions For
Future Research On Resilience ............................................................1
Michel Bruneau, Gian-Paolo Cimellaro, Max Didier,
Marco Domaneschi, Ivo Häring, Xilin Lu, Aftab Mufti,
Mohammad Noori, Jinpin Ou, Anastasios Sextos,
Shamim Sheikh, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Zhishen Wu, Lili Xie,
Teruhiko Yoda, and Ying Zhou
Chapter 2 Resilience of Civil Infrastructure in a Life-Cycle Context ................ 43
You Dong and Dan M. Frangopol
Chapter 3 Christchurch: Rebuilding a Resilient City? ........................................ 49
Michel Bruneau and Gregory MacRae
Chapter 4 Resilient Bridge Decks Based on ISIS Winnipeg Principles ............. 57
Aftab Mufti
Chapter 5 Resilience Considerations of a Historical Timber Bridge .................. 67
Teruhiko Yoda and Weiwei Lin
Chapter 6 Resiliency and Recoverability of Concrete Structures....................... 79
Zhishen Wu and Mohamed F.M. Fahmy
Chapter 7 Urban Infrastructures Resilience Assessing: An Overview &
New Resilience Evaluation Theory .................................................. 109
Wael A. Altabey, Mohammad Noori, and Ying Zhao
Chapter 8 Resilient Isolation-Structure Systems with Super-Large
Displacement Friction Pendulum Bearings ...................................... 123
Jinping Ou, Peisong Wu, and Xinchun Guan
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Real-Time City-Scale Time-History Analysis and Its
Application in Resilience-Oriented Earthquake Emergency
Response ........................................................................................... 141
Xinzheng Lu, Qingle Cheng, Zhen Xu, Yongjia Xu,
and Chujin Sun
Chapter 10 Functionality Analyses of Engineering Systems: One Step
toward Seismic Resilience ................................................................ 163
Tao Wang, Qingxue Shang, and Jichao Li
Chapter 11 Resilience of Bridges in Infrastructural Networks .......................... 177
Marco Domaneschi
Chapter 12 Building Resilience and Sustainability in Concrete Structures
with FRP .......................................................................................... 189
Shamim A. Sheikh
Chapter 13 Resilience-Oriented Displacement-Based Seismic Design
Procedure and Its Application in Self-Centering Metallic
Energy-Dissipating Structures .........................................................203
Lu Liu and Bin Wu
Chapter 14 Α Decision-Making Framework for Enhancing Resilience of
Road Networks in Earthquake Regions ........................................... 213
Anastasios Sextos and Ioannis Kilanitis
Index ......................................................................................................................225
Preface
This book entitled Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: Emerging
Developments and Future Challenges is a collection of selected papers presented
at The 2nd International Workshop on Resilience held on October 31–November
1, 2018, in Nanjing, and on November 2, 2018, in Shanghai, China. This suc-
cessful invitational workshop was jointly organized by Southeast University and
Tongji University, and was sponsored by a number of professional societies and
organizations.
The workshop brought together about 30 keynote and invited speakers and over
100 participants from civil, mechanical, systems, and earthquake engineering,
security systems, and risk and reliability assessment to brainstorm and to develop
more effective approaches for the grand challenges facing the resilience of critical
infrastructure systems, rapidly emerging and growing fled. The keynote and invited
presentations emphasized the important role that the advances in fundamental and
applied research in the felds that will play a major role in the future research of
the resilience of critical infrastructure. In particular, research in the areas of smart
technologies and smart cities, which are complementary to the research into the
resilience of critical infrastructure.
Some of the key recommendations of the workshop included:
• It is critically important that we develop new strategies and processes to
assure that increasingly interconnected critical infrastructure systems
become more resilient and withstand the threats of man-made and mega
natural hazards, and extreme events.
• The ever increasing pace of urban development requires we build more
resilient critical infrastructure and communities by considering uncertainty
quantifcation, advanced statistical techniques, and probabilistic methods.
• The emerging concept of smart cities, and the research achievements in
structural health monitoring provide an opportunity to combine advances
in modeling and smart technologies. This will provide an opportunity for
groundbreaking discoveries to improve the resilience of critical infrastruc-
ture systems and to transform infrastructure from physical structures to
responsive systems.
• It is important to incorporate societal issues, and community resilience
in a comprehensive and strategic plan for tackling the impacts of natural
and man-made hazards, and to make sound research investments to bet-
ter understand the interaction of critical infrastructure and socio-economic
factors. In this regard, it is important to utilize data sciences, data analytics,
and artifcial intelligence to facilitate a multi-disciplinary collaboration.
This two-day workshop included both keynote and invited lectures to promote an
awareness of the state-of-the-art in the feld of critical infrastructure resilience and to
identify the challenges that lie ahead. To facilitate the identifcation of critical issues
vii
viii Preface
to be addressed, three working groups were formed. Working groups’ discussions
identifed pressing grand challenges facing the resilience of critical infrastructure
that require interdisciplinary research roadmaps that aim to aggressively resolve
those grand challenges. Following thematic areas were collectively identifed for the
brainstorming sessions:
Working Group 1 – Fundamental concepts and framework for resilient critical
infrastructure.
Working Group 2 – Intelligent and innovative technologies to enhance struc-
tural resiliency.
Working Group 3 – How to incorporate a multi-disciplinary approach that
considers societal, community, and human factors in critical infrastructure
resilience research by employing data science and artifcial intelligence
tools.
The working group discussions were strongly shaped by the cross-disciplinary research
and educational perspectives of the workshop participants. The grand challenge prob-
lems identifed should be considered as the priority issues facing critical infrastructure
research in the coming decades. The workshop recommendations focused on greater
adoption of multi-disciplinary research strategies, embracing mega natural and man-
made hazards, socio-economic, intelligent technologies, and data analytics.
It is envisioned that the implementation of the suggested research roadmaps pro-
posed by these working groups will result in safer and more resilient urban com-
munities, and stronger economies, all of which are factors in enhancing the overall
quality of life of our global society. Equally important is the development of new
integrated interdisciplinary programs for the education of the next generation of
engineers so they are well qualifed to undertake the proposed research roadmap.
Finally, implementation of the solutions will only be successful if all stakeholders in
academia, industry, and government work collaboratively in nurturing, implement-
ing, and maintaining the solutions.
The participants unanimously supported the following resolution:
The International Workshop on Resilience should be established as a standing
workshop to be held every two years. This ensures the workshop can serve as the
primary catalyst for continuous assessment of the research directions in the resil-
ience of critical infrastructure systems. This workshop can also become a conduit to
promote the global signifcance of this emerging feld and for aggressively pursuing
the pressing grand challenges.
The workshop participants unanimously approved a proposal for the next work-
shop to be held in 2020. The International Society for Health Monitoring of Intelligent
Infrastructure (ISHMII) played an active role in the success of this workshop and
will continue to play a major role in the future plans for establishing this workshop as
a standing international forum for the exchange and development of research in the
multi-disciplinary feld of critical infrastructure. Thus, it was concluded that ISHMII
should make the commitment to continue to be the sponsor of the future series of this
workshop and to reach out to other organizations to seek their involvement, support,
and participation.
Preface ix
Workshop Co-Chairs and the Organizing Committee:
Zhishen Wu, Southeast University (Co-Chair)
Xilin Lu, Tongji University (Co-Chair)
Mohammad Noori, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo (Secretary General)
Jian Zhang, Southeast University
Ying Zhou, Tongji University
Gian Paolo Cimellaro, Politecnico di Torino
Ertugrul Taciroglu, University of California, Los Angles
Jianguo Cai, Southeast University
Guest Editor – Professor Zhishen Wu is a Professor at Southeast University, China,
and Ibaraki University, Japan. His research expertise includes structural/concrete/
maintenance engineering and advanced composite materials. He is the author or
co-author of over 600 refereed papers including over 200 journal articles and has
given 50 keynote or invited papers. He also holds 50 patents. Dr. Wu was awarded
the JSCE Research Prize by Japan Society of Civil Engineering in 1990, the JSCM
Technology Award by the Japan Society for Composite Materials in 2005 and 2009,
SHM person of the year Award by the International Journal of Structural Health
Monitoring, and the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology (2nd) of
China in 2012. He is also a member of the Japan National Academy of Engineering.
He chairs the China Chemical Fibers Association Committee on Basalt Fibers, and
is the President of the International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of
Intelligent Infrastructure (ISHMII). He is also an elected fellow of ASCE, JSCE,
ISHMII, and the International Institute of FRP in Construction. Moreover, he serves
as an editor, associate editor, and editorial board member for more than ten inter-
national journals, including the founding chief editor of the International Journal
of Sustainable Materials and Structural Systems. Professor Wu has supervised
a large number of national research projects in China and was the founder of the
International of Institute for Urban Systems Engineering, at Southeast University.
Guest Editor – Prof. Xilin Lu is currently a Distinguished Professor of Civil
Engineering at Tongji University. He conducted extensive research during 1990 at
the University of Alberta, Canada, on the punching shear behavior of RC slabs, and
worked as a Research Associate at the University of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1992,
where he investigated the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear walls with
vertical slits. His research areas include dynamic modeling, the testing and detailed
analysis of complex structures, and seismic design and response control of tall build-
ings. Professor Lu’s work has resulted in the development of seismic design codes of
the Shanghai Municipal Government and China National Code. He is the chief editor
of the Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings Journal published by Wiley;
he is the Vice President of the International Association for Experimental Structural
Engineering, a Fellow of the International Association for Bridge and Structural
Engineering, and a Member of ASCE. He has published over 100 journal papers,
presented more than 30 keynote or invited lectures at international conferences, and
published over 200 papers in international conference proceedings. He received the
