Resilience and Regional Dynamics: An International Approach to a New Research Agenda

254 Pages·2018·5.62 MB·English

by  Hugo Pinto

Advances in Spatial Science
Hugo Pinto · Teresa Noronha · Eric Vaz
Editors
Resilience
and Regional
Dynamics
An International Approach to a New
Research Agenda
Advances in Spatial Science
The Regional Science Series
Serieseditors
ManfredM.Fischer
Jean-ClaudeThill
JoukevanDijk
HansWestlund
Foundingeditors
GeoffreyJ.D.Hewings
PeterNijkamp
FolkeSnickars
This series contains scientific studies focusing on spatial phenomena, utilising
theoretical frameworks, analytical methods, and empirical procedures specifically
designedforspatialanalysis.AdvancesinSpatialSciencebringstogetherinnovative
spatialresearchutilisingconcepts,perspectives,andmethodsrelevanttobothbasic
science and policy making. The aim is to present advances in spatial science to an
informedreadershipinuniversities,researchorganisations,andpolicy-makinginsti-
tutionsthroughouttheworld.
The type of material considered for publication in the series includes: Mono-
graphsoftheoreticalandappliedresearchinspatialscience;state-of-the-artvolumes
in areas of basic research; reports of innovative theories and methods in spatial
science;tightlyeditedreportsfromspeciallyorganisedresearchseminars.Theseries
andthevolumespublishedinitareindexedbyScopus.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/3302
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Hugo Pinto Teresa Noronha Eric Vaz
Editors
Resilience and Regional
Dynamics
An International Approach to a New
Research Agenda
Editors
HugoPinto TeresaNoronha
FaculdadedeEconomia,Edificio9 FaculdadedeEconomia,Edf.9
UniversityofAlgarve UniversityofAlgarve
Faro,Portugal Faro,Portugal
EricVaz
GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies
RyersonUniversity
Toronto,Ontario,Canada
ISSN1430-9602 ISSN2197-9375 (electronic)
AdvancesinSpatialScience
TheRegionalScienceSeries
ISBN978-3-319-95134-8 ISBN978-3-319-95135-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95135-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018952474
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to thank all the contributing authors for their valuable
contributions as well as Melanie MacDonald and Waleed Babary for proofreading
thebook.Wewouldalsoliketothanktheserieseditorsfortheirsupportandpositive
comments. Finally, we would like to thank Barbara Fess and Marion Kreisel
at Springer, Heidelberg, for their ongoing support and prompt replies to several
queries.
v
Contents
1 Introduction:Resilience—ConceptsandGeography. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
TeresadeNoronha,EricVaz,andHugoPinto
PartI TheoreticalFoundations
2 EvolutionaryComplexityGeographyandtheFutureofRegional
InnovationandGrowthPolicies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
PhilipCooke
3 EvolutionaryResilienceShiftingTerritorialDevelopment
Paradigms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CarlosGonçalves
PartII TheMultilevelAspectsofResilience
4 EconomicCrisis,TurbulenceandtheResilienceofInnovation:
InsightsfromtheAtlanticMaritimeCluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
HugoPinto,ElviraUyarra,MercedesBleda,CarlaNogueira,
andHelenaAlmeida
5 Innovation,RegionsandEmploymentResilienceinSweden. . . . . . 81
CharlieKarlssonandPhilippeRouchy
6 DiversifyingMediterraneanTourismasaStrategyforRegional
ResilienceEnhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
AndréSamora-Arvela,EricVaz,JoãoFerrão,JorgeFerreira,
andThomasPanagopoulos
PartIII TowardsStrategiesforResilience
7 DesignSolutionsforResilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
DavideFassiandCarlaSedini
vii
viii Contents
8 OrganisationalInnovationsforScience-IndustryInteractions:
TheEmergenceofCollaborativeResearchCentresinSpanish
RegionalInnovationSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
SandroGiachiandManuelFernández-Esquinas
9 MergingEntropyinSelf-Organisation:AGeographical
Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
EricVazandDragosBandur
PartIV ResilienceandInnovation
10 InnovativeUrbanParadigmsforSustainabilityandResilience. . . . 189
ManuelaPiresRosa
11 InnovationasTransformation:IntegratingtheSocio-ecological
PerspectivesofResilienceandSustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
KarlBruckmeierandIvaPires
12 TerritorialInnovationModels:WhichConsequencesinTerms
ofPolicyDesignforPeripheralRegions?APortuguese
Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
DomingosSantos
13 Conclusion:Resilience—What’sNext?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
EricVaz,TeresadeNoronha,andHugoPinto
Chapter 1
—
Introduction: Resilience Concepts
and Geography
TeresadeNoronha,EricVaz,andHugoPinto
1.1 The Emergence of the Concept
The notion of resilience emerges as a possibility to comprehend how different
systems deal with shocks. It raises important issues regarding public policies and
socioeconomicprograms.Resiliencehasobtainedaconsiderabledegreeofattention
overthelastyears.
The concept recalls the vision of physics and natural sciences, referring to the
stabilityofmaterials,itsresistancetoexternalshocks,andthecapacityofthesystem
of returning to the pre-shock state after suffering the impact. During the 1970s,
Hollingpublishedaninfluentialworkinwhichheappliedtheconceptofresilienceto
ecosystems, focusing on a system’s ability to absorb shocks and retain structural
functions.Hollingunderstoodresilienceasameasureofthepersistenceofsystems
and the ability to absorb change and disturbance while maintaining relationships
betweenpopulationsorgovernmentalvariables.
Recently,however,resiliencehasbecomeamoreprominentterm,mainlydueto
the financial and economic crisis, which has resulted in an understanding of the
conceptthatgoesbeyondthestrictlyecologicalaspects;resiliencehasgainedamore
socioeconomiccharacter.Inthislastcase,arobustsystemisonethatcanwithstand
strenuous system-shocks and re-stabilize itself, despite not precisely at the same
equilibriumpointasthestatusquobefore.Theproblemwiththisdefinitionisthat,by
consideringmerelyequilibrium,resiliencewillalwaysrevolvearoundgettingback
T.deNoronha(*)·H.Pinto
FacultyofEconomics,UniversityoftheAlgarve,Faro,Portugal
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
E.Vaz
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,RyersonUniversity,Toronto,ON,
Canada
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 1
H.Pintoetal.(eds.),ResilienceandRegionalDynamics,AdvancesinSpatial
Science,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95135-5_1
2 T.deNoronhaetal.
to a specific trajectory or point without taking into consideration alternative path-
waysor,inotherwords:adaptation,change,andevolution.Thisisthereasonwhy
manyauthorsdonotrelyonthismeaningofresilience.Theyprefertoemphasizethe
evolutionary, multi-equilibrium perspective that allows systems to recover from
shocks, not by only by going back to the previous states, but also by creating new
alternatives.
The evolutionary approach to regional resilience focuses on the long-term
capacity of regions to deal with shocks. It can be said that, in an evolutionary
framework,resilienceisnotamerepropertyorgoal,butratheranon-goingprocess.
Evolutionaryresilienceadmitsthatoftenaregionaleconomy,asacomplexadaptive
system,cannotreturntothestateitwasbeforetheshockinsomeinstances.Insuch
cases,anewpointofequilibriummustbefound,andpreferablyonethatcouldbeas
efficient or, if possible, even more advantageous than the former. Inspired by this
evolutionary perspective, an entirely new area of research on resilience begins to
emergeinsocioeconomicstudies.
1.2 Pioneering Work on Resilience in Psychology
Mostofthepioneeringworkrelatedtosocialsciences,ashighlycomplexsystems,
haditsveryoriginonthemorerecentdevelopmentsmadebypsychologists.Inthe
scientificfield,theconceptreportsaspecifickindofstrengthoriginatedbyfragility
andbecomesavibrantandpromissoryconceptforsocialsciencesinwhichmarginal,
deprivedsocialcontexts,strugglingforsurvival,canfindtoolstogrowandsurvive
thecompetition.
To advance a research agenda for resilience and innovation, we first justify the
goal of this book with so many contributions from sociologists and economists. A
view over some facts related to the psychological approach of resilience are pro-
vided,andparallelismofthosewiththesocialcontextisconducted.
Norman Garmezy, a developmental psychologist, studied large samples of
children for decades’, observing how, in some cases, they excel regardless of the
difficult circumstances they were exposed to. His primary goal was to focus on
schoolsfromeconomicallydepressedareasandtosearchforadaptiveandsuccessful
children,despitedifficultbackgrounds.
Resilienceoffersastrangechallenge:itisnotanattributeevaluatedonanytest.It
evolves as life reveals. If no adversity occurs, it will not be possible to detect how
resilient one is. It is only when confronted with hindrances, obstacles or environ-
mentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,emerges.
Along the several decades and studies related to psychological resilience, some
direct causes for resilience have been identified: individual, psychological factors
(reflectingsomedispositionandexternal)andenvironmentalfactors,whicharemore
relatedtoarandomsetofcircumstances.
In1982and2001,EmmyWernerdiscussedandpublishedtheresultsofa30year
long project, allowing the identification of several factors of resilience out of the