Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety : From Accident Mitigation to Resilient Society Facing Extreme Situations

350 Pages·2017·8.18 MB·English

by  Ahn

Joonhong Ahn
Franck Guarnieri
Kazuo Furuta Editors
Resilience:
A New Paradigm
of Nuclear
Safety
From Accident Mitigation to Resilient
Society Facing Extreme Situations
Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety
Joonhong Ahn Franck Guarnieri
(cid:129)
Kazuo Furuta
Editors
Resilience: A New Paradigm
of Nuclear Safety
From Accident Mitigation to Resilient Society
Facing Extreme Situations
Editors
JoonhongAhn (deceased) Kazuo Furuta
Formerly at Department ofNuclear Resilience Engineering Research Center
Engineering TheUniversity of Tokyo
University of California Bunkyō-ku,Tokyo
Berkeley, CA Japan
USA
Franck Guarnieri
Centrefor Research onRisks andCrises
(CRC)
MINESParisTech - PSLResearch
University
SophiaAntipolis
France
ISBN978-3-319-58767-7 ISBN978-3-319-58768-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58768-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017945242
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Prof. Joonhong Ahn (1958–2016)
We dedicate this book Resilience: A New
Paradigm of Nuclear Safety to the memory of
Prof. Joonhong Ahn of the University of
California Berkeley, who served as
co-organizer of the underlying workshop and
co-editor of this book.
Joonhong Ahn was an extraordinary
scientist, educator and human being, deeply
committed to the peaceful and safe use of
nuclear power for the development of
emerging regions of the world, particularly
Asia. After the disaster at the Fukushima
Daiichi Reactor complex in 2011, he traveled
to Japan and neighboring countries more
than fifty times to provide counsel and
assistance on the remediation efforts,
advisinggovernments,industryandacademia
on the path forward to help reestablish
confidence in the paradigm of nuclear power
for the region.
A hallmark of Ahn’s scholarship in the
nuclear fuel cycle, waste management and
nuclear chemistry was his visionary
engagement with the social sciences;
enduring societal goods could not be attained
solely by technical optimization, but technical
progress informed and guided by a deep
humanity.Notsurprisingly,hewasatthevery
headwaters of the development of the
engineering ethics program at Berkeley, and
cofounder of the Institute for Resilient
Communities at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory.
Poignantly, it was the very evening of the
final day of this workshop, when all the
participants returned home sharing a great
sense of satisfaction and optimism, that
Joonhong felt the first abdominal pain that
signaled the illness which soon was to claim
his life. It was so characteristic of him that
after his diagnosis he visited me to inquire,
completely dispassionately, what he should
do with his remaining time to best serve his
profession, the university and his students.
Without any hesitation I advised him that,
above all the achievements of his remarkable
career, this workshop embodied his true
legacy, and that he should see to the
completion of the proceedings and their wide
dissemination. I thank his co-organizer,
Prof. Franck Guarnieri of MINES ParisTech,
and all the colleagues for carrying the baton
for the final stretch, and over the finish line.
To Prof. Joonhong Ahn, we dedicate this
book, and recommit ourselves to carry on his
vision and work.
Karl van Bibber1
1Chairman,DepartmentofNuclearEngineering,UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley
[email protected]
Foreword
TheconsequencesoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearaccidentinMarch2011sparked
a debate about the nuclear safety. While releases of large amounts of radioactive
materialsresulted innocasualtiesdue toradiation,the impact particularly on local
communities is substantial and manifold. Although local communities want to be
ensured that effective actions are being taken to allow them to go back to their
normal life as early as possible, the lack of understanding for the transport of
radioisotopesintheenvironmentandeventuallytheuptakeinhumansaswellasin
the biological effects of low dose radiation has made it difficult for various
stakeholders to develop concerted efforts to accelerate recovery. These challenges
are compoundedby the eroded public trust for governmentand operators.
Toaddressthisneed,amultidisciplinaryinitiativeiscarriedoutbyscientistsatUC
Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), MINES ParisTech,
andTokyoUniversitytoprovidethenecessaryguidanceforeffectiveassessmentand
remediationeffortsandtoprovidetrusted,unbiased,andnuclear-industry-independent
perspectivetobuildtrustwithlocalandglobalcommunities.
Based on such on-going initiatives, there are two emerging questions: (1) how
integration between understanding for natural scientific processes and understand-
ingforasocietyatdifferentscalesandregionscanbeachievedfortheobjectiveof
accurate monitoring, and then ultimately (2) how such accurate monitoring and
public participation can and should be integrated in decision-making processes for
achieving a resilient society.
To address such questions and to develop a research plan, we hosted, in March
2015,2 a two-day international workshop in UC Berkeley. In this workshop, first,
we share various observations about “damages” in a severe nuclear accident and
2International Workshop on Nuclear Safety: From accident mitigation to resilient society facing
extreme situations. March 2015 (22–24). Supported by: France/Berkeley Fund—Department of
Nuclear Engineering (NE) University of California, Berkeley (UCB), and Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory (LBNL)—Centre for Research into Risks and Crises, MINES Paris
Tech—CenterforJapaneseStudies,UCBerkeley—ResilienceEngineeringResearchCenter,The
UniversityofTokyo.
ix
x Foreword
thenaddressthecentralquestions:Howcanweutilizeknowledgeofnaturalscience
andengineeringinmonitoringsystem’sexogenousandendogenousconditionswith
asuiteofperformancemeasuresthatreflectdifferentneedsofresiliencebydifferent
stakeholders after an accident, and in developing recipes that enable a resilient
society? The discussion will focus on (1) state of the art for measurement
methodologies and (2) challenges that must be overcome.
Thisbookincludesmostofthelectures given duringthe2015 workshop inUC
Berkeley.
It begins with an introduction which gives an overview of the concept of
resilience.
Then, the book is divided into five parts. An “Epilogue” synthesizes and
concludes the book.
Part I is about “What are damages in nuclear accidents?” This part provides
informationforthereadertounderstandthatcorrective actionsfollowinganuclear
accident must be based on the definition of damage to be prevented. The difficulty
liesinhowwedefinethe“damage.”Therefore,weproposetoelaborateanoriginal
framework for the identification and characterization of severe nuclear accident
damages.
Part II is focused on the “Measurement of Damages,” because we need to have
accurateandeffectivemethodstomeasurethose,assituationsevolverapidlyinthe
aftermath. In this section, authors introduce currently ongoing efforts for applying
qualitative/quantitative methods and develop methodologies and tools to explore
effective integration and application in decision-making process.
Part III considers the “Barriers against Transition into Resilience” because
recoveryfromnuclearaccidentreferstosocialrepresentationofrisksandcannotbe
limited only to technical issues or crisis management guidelines. In this view, the
authorsconsiderthevariousimpedimentsandtheirinteractionstothetransitioninto
resilience of the many actors of the civil society.
Part IV includes contributions made by Ph.D. candidate students from UC
Berkeley, MINES ParisTech, and Tokyo University.
Contents
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident: Entering into Resilience
Faced with an Extreme Situation... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Franck Guarnieri
Part I What are Damages in Nuclear Accidents?
Does the Concept of Loss Orient Risk Prevention Policy?... ..... .... 21
Dominique Pecaud
How the Fukushima Daiichi Accident Changed (or not) the Nuclear
Safety Fundamentals?... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35
Kazuo Furuta and Taro Kanno
Consequences of Severe Nuclear Accidents on Social Regulations
in Socio-Technical Organizations... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 47
Christophe Martin
Part II Measurement of Damages
A Multiscale Bayesian Data Integration Approach for Mapping
Radionuclide Contamination . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 57
Haruko Murakami Wainwright, Masahiko Okumura and Kimiaki Saito
Challenges for Nuclear Safety from the Viewpoint of Natural Hazard
Risk Management.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Tatsuya Itoi and Naoto Sekimura
The Economic Assessment of the Cost of Nuclear Accidents. ..... .... 79
Romain Bizet and François Lévêque
Considering Nuclear Accident in Energy Modeling Analysis. ..... .... 97
Ryoichi Komiyama
xi