Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics

198 Pages·2017·12.29 MB·English

by  Simon Quinn

Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Simon Quinn · Xavier Balandraud Editors
Residual Stress,
Thermomechanics & Infrared
Imaging, Hybrid Techniques
and Inverse Problems,
Volume 9
Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on
Experimental and Applied Mechanics
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Series Editor
Kristin B. Zimmerman, Ph.D.
Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
Bethel,CT,USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8922

Simon Quinn (cid:129) Xavier Balandraud
Editors
Residual Stress, Thermomechanics
& Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques
and Inverse Problems, Volume 9
Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics
Editors
SimonQuinn XavierBalandraud
UniversityofSouthampton CNRS,UMR6602,InstitutPascal
Southampton,UK Aubie´re,France
Universite´ClermontAuvergne
SigmaClermont,InstitutPascal
Clermont-Ferrand,France
ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652 (electronic)
ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries
ISBN978-3-319-42254-1 ISBN978-3-319-42255-8 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-42255-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016949067
#TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2017
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Preface
Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems represents one of ten
volumes of technical papers presented at the 2016 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied
MechanicsorganizedbytheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsandheldinOrlando,FL,June6–9,2016.Thecomplete
Proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials; Challenges In Mechanics of Time-Dependent
Materials; Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics; Experimental and Applied Mechanics; Micro-
and Nanomechanics; Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials; Mechanics of Composite & Multifunctional
Materials; Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution; and Joining Technologies for Composites and Dissimilar
Materials.
Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin
ExperimentalMechanics,ResidualStress,Thermomechanics&InfraredImaging,HybridTechniquesandInverseProblems
beingthreeoftheseareas.
Residual stresses have a great deal of importance in engineering systems and design. The hidden character of residual
stresses often causes them to be underrated or overlooked. However, they profoundly influence structural design and
substantially affect strength, fatigue life and dimensional stability. Since residual stresses are induced during almost all
materials’ processing procedures, for example welding/joining, casting, thermal conditioning and forming, they must be
takenseriouslyandincludedinpracticalapplications.
Inrecentyears,theapplicationsofinfraredimagingtechniquestothemechanicsofmaterialsandstructureshavegrown
considerably. The expansion is marked by the increased spatial and temporal resolution of the infrared detectors, faster
processing times and a much greater temperature resolution. The improved sensitivity and more reliable temperature
calibrationsofthedeviceshavemeantthatmoreaccuratedatacanbeobtainedthanwerepreviouslyavailable.
Advances in inverse identification have been coupled with optical methods that provide surface deformation
measurements and volumetric measurements of materials. In particular, inverse methodology was developed to more
fully use the dense spatial data provided by optical methods to identify mechanical constitutive parameters of materials.
Sinceitsbeginningsduringthe1980s,creativityininversemethodshasledtoapplicationsinawiderangeofmaterials,with
many different constitutive relationships, across material heterogeneous interfaces. Complex test fixtures have been
implemented to produce the necessary strain fields for identification. Force reconstruction has been developed for high
strainratetesting.Asdevelopmentsinopticalmethodsimproveforbothverylargeandverysmalllengthscales,applications
ofinverseidentificationhaveexpandedtoincludegeologicalandatomisticevents.
Southampton,UK SimonQuinn
Aubie´re,France XavierBalandraud
v

Contents
1 FatigueBehaviourofStainlessSteels:AMulti-parametricApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
R.DeFinis,D.Palumbo,F.Ancona,andU.Galietti
2 MeasurementofMechanicalDissipationinSMAsbyInfraredThermography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DidierDelpueyo,XavierBalandraud,MichelGre´diac,SergiuStanciu,andNicanorCimpoesu
3 TheEffectofMicrostructureonEnergyDissipationin316LStainlessSteel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
P.J.Seelan,J.M.Dulieu-Barton,andF.Pierron
4 LargeAreaNondestructiveEvaluationofaFatigueLoadedCompositeStructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
JosephN.Zalameda,EricR.Burke,MichaelR.Horne,andEricI.Madaras
5 SensitivityAnalysisofHybridThermoelasticTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
W.A.SamadandJ.M.Considine
6 DeterminingStressIntensityFactorsUsingHybridThermoelasticAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
R.B.Vieira,G.L.G.Gonza´les,andJ.L.F.Freire
7 StressAnalysisofaFiniteOrthotropicPlateContaininganEllipticalHolefromRecorded
TemperatureData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
A.Alshaya,X.Shuai,andR.Rowlands
8 UsingTSAtoIdentifyRegionsHavingDevelopedPlasticStrainduringWelding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
GeoffreyP.Howell,JaniceM.Dulieu-Barton,andMithilaAchintha
9 FiniteElementModellingofaSeriesofAusteniticStainlessSteel316LWeldments
toInformThermoelasticStressAnalysisResidualStressAssessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
E.C.Chevallier,S.Blackwell,andJ.M.Dulieu-Barton
10 ResidualStressMeasurementofFull-ScaleJet-EngineBearingElements
UsingtheContourMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
DaultonD.Isaac,MichaelB.Prime,andNagarajArakere
11 ESPIHole-DrillingofRingsandHolesUsingCylindricalHoleAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
T.J.RickertandWadeGubbels
12 PreliminaryStudyonResidualStressinFDMParts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
C.Casavola,A.Cazzato,V.Moramarco,andG.Pappalettera
13 PredictingResidualStressonX-rayTomographedComplexBi-LayerGeometries
using3DFiniteElementAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
MasoudAllahkarami,LeilaSeyedFaraji,andJayC.Hanan
14 CombiningHole-DrillingandRing-CoreTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
AntonioBaldi
vii
viii Contents
15 ALow-CostResidualStressMeasuringInstrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
AntonioBaldiandFilippoBertolino
16 Non-DestructiveInternalLatticeStrainMeasurementUsingHighEnergy
SynchrotronRadiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Jun-SangParkandJohnOkasinski
17 DiscussiononX-RayandHDMResidualStressMeasurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
C.Barile,C.Casavola,andV.Moramarco
18 ReducingFull-FieldIdentificationCostbyUsingQuasi-NewtonMethods.. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 135
J.Neggers,F.Mathieu,S.Roux,andF.Hild
19 ParameterIdentificationofNonlinearViscoelasticMaterialModelUsingFinite
Element-BasedInverseAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
SalahU.HamimandRamanP.Singh
20 StiffnessHeterogeneityofMultiplyPaperboardExaminedwithVFM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
AntonHagman,J.M.Considine,andMikaelNyga˚rds
21 Rigid-BodyMotionToleranceforIndustrialHelicalCTMeasurementsofLogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
EdwardAngusandGaryS.Schajer
22 DevelopmentandExperimentalValidationofThermallyStableUnimorphSMP
ActuatorsIncorporatingTransverseCurvature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
JasonT.CantrellandPeterG.Ifju
23 IdentificationofConstitutiveModelParametersinHopkinsonBarTests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
M.Fardmoshiri,M.Sasso,E.Mancini,G.Chiappini,andM.Rossi
Chapter 1
Fatigue Behaviour of Stainless Steels: A Multi-parametric Approach
R.DeFinis,D.Palumbo,F.Ancona,andU.Galietti
Abstract Inrecentyearsdifferentexperimentalmethodshavebeenexperiencedtoenhancethefatiguecharacterisationof
materials with the aim to overcome the Standard long-lasting tests, i.e. Wohler curve determination. Standard fatigue
treatmentrequiresatleast15specimensbeingtestedtogetanestimationofmaterialfatiguelimitanditisworthnotingthat
this kind of tests do not provide any information on damage phenomena occurring in the material. Thus, topic to be
addressed in this research have to do with development of lock-in infrared measurement based thermal method for rapid
evaluationoffatiguelimit.Byperformingasingletest,theadoptedmethodleadstomatchdifferentparameterinformation.
The Assessed parameters are in number more than the ones provided by TSA, as well. Moreover, the adopted technique
pointstostudydamagebyanalysingthedifferentphenomenainvolvedinfatigueandinthisregard,theaimofthispaperisto
showhowathermaltechniquecanattainanearlyassessmentofthefailureprocessesduringacyclicallyloadingtest.The
authoris,also,focusedontoillustratethestrongpointsofamethodbasedoninfraredmeasurementsforassessingendurance
limitforbothausteniticandmartensiticstainlesssteelswhileconsidering,asreference,theStandardTestmethods.
Keywords Lock-inthermography(cid:129)Fatigue(cid:129)Austenitic/martensiticstainlesssteels
1.1 Introduction
Infrared thermography has been successfully exploited as an experimental, non-destructive, real-time and non-contact
technique to observe physical processes of: damage, fatigue, and failure. The strong points of the technique concern the
mechanicalcharacterisationofmetallic,compositesandstructuralcomponents [1–3].Differentworkswasmeanttoshow
that the surface temperature monitoring is a reliable technique to detect the damage phenomena and thus, the material
intrinsicdissipationareevaluated.FollowingfromtheworkofLuong[1]intotheuseofthermalsourcestoassessfatigue
limit, in literature, different approaches have been performed to study the fatigue damage with thermography based on:
themonitoringofthesurfacetemperature[2,4],theevaluationof“dissipative”thermalheatsources[5],theevaluationofthe
phasevariationinthermographicsignalbyusinglock-inthermography[6–8].Referringtothetemperature,itisworthnoting
that this parameter is very sensitive to the external influences and thus, room temperature and/or loading machine grip
heatingcanaffectthemeasurementsandhavetobeconsideredintheanalysis.Inthisframework[2],DeFinisetAllpropose
arobusttechniquetothermaldataanalysisinordertofilteroutallthenoisyalltheheatsourcescompromisingtheadiabatic
conditionof the sample during the test andfor early detectingthe dissipationprocesses. Despite the direct use ofthermal
parameter has opened-up the possibility of mechanical fatigue characterising with less-lasting and less expensive experi-
mental campaign, temperature measurements are affected by thermal properties of the material [6], as well, i.e. thermal
conductivity.Material withhighconductivity(e.g.aluminiumalloysorweldedjoints)experiencelowtemperatureduring
thetestduetohighpercentageofreflectedradiation.Anotherissuerelatedtotheuseoftemperatureisrepresentedbythe
lattice microstructures which cause extremely low temperature increments [2, 3]. To improve the analysing experimental
dataset and to avoid the appearance of the ‘external’ influences another approach based on lock-in thermography is
proposed. The technique, moreover, provides several parameters accounting for the study of damage phenomena. By
demodulating thermal signal the harmonic analysis allows for achievement of 1(cid:1) phase and 2(cid:1) amplitude harmonic
components: two significant parameters for assessing fatigue behaviour of material [7, 8], and all external heat source
influence is eliminated. In this work lock-in thermography will support the Thermoelastic Stress Analysis by studying
evolution of damage phenomena despite the loss of adiabatic conditions [6, 9]. In particular the phase shift of first
R.DeFinis(*)(cid:129)D.Palumbo(cid:129)F.Ancona(cid:129)U.Galietti
DepartmentofMechanics,MathematicsandManagement(DMMM),PolitecnicodiBari,Bari,Italy
e-mail:rosa.defi[email protected];[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]
#TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2017 1
S.Quinn,X.Balandraud(eds.),ResidualStress,Thermomechanics&InfraredImaging,HybridTechniquesandInverse
Problems,Volume9,ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-42255-8_1