Reserves

46 Pages·2015·4.93 MB·English

by  Tuohy, Aidan

Assessing
Operational Flexibility
in Systems with
Increased Penetration
of Variable Generation
Aidan Tuohy, PhD
Project Manager/Technical Leader, EPRI
Grid Operations and Planning
University of Illinois Dept of Electrical
and Computing Engineering
Feb 22, 2015
© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Grid Operations, Planning & Integration Area
Grid Operations & Information & Comm.
Planning Technologies
Transmission & Subs
Integration of Distributed
Bulk Integration Variable
Renewables
Generation
P162 HVDC
PS-D HVDC Planning PS-A Modeling/Simulation
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bulk Renewable Integration R&D Focus
Modeling & Variability & System
Control Center
Protection Flexibility

Vt (pu)0.96 MFiettaesdured
0.950 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ifd (pu) 2 Conventional Gen
1.950 20 40 60 80 100 120
2.1
Vfd (pu) 2
1.90 20 40 60 80 100 120 Emerging Flexible Resources
Time (seconds)
Monitoring
VG Power Management
Analysis
Decision Support
Schedule, Dispatch Voltage &
Control
& Reserves Frequency Control
New Methods/Tools
Reliable & Efficient
Operation
3
© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Installed Solar PV
Source: NREL Open PV Project; Bloomberg
CAISO
WG Capacity = 5.8 GW
PV Capacity = 8+ GW
Peak Load = 48 GW
ERCOT
WG Capacity = 11.2 GW
PV Capacity = 250 MW
Peak Load = 56 GW
HECO
WG Capacity = 100 MW Total US: 16 GW
PV Capacity = 254 MW
2014 Install Est.: 6.5 GW
Peak Load = 1200 MW
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
How much PV and Wind Is Possible?
DOE SunShot Initiative Scenarios…
Source: NREL, “Sensitivity of Rooftop PV Projections in the SunShot Vision Study to Market Assumptions”
Optimistic, but policy objective PV assumptions, leads to
Rooftop PV of 120 GW in 2030 & 240 GW in 2050.
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wind & PV Variability/Uncertainty Increases the Need for
System Flexibility
• It’s the Wind Ramp,
Not the Ripple!
• Forecasting Is Key
• System must have
ramping & cycling
capabilities
Source: Constructed from EIRGRID online data (www.eirgrid.com).
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Germany - Installed Renewable Capacity versus
Real Infeed Capacity since 2011
80.000
EREe Dnewable Energy
MW
InIsntsatlalilelerdt ECEap Dacity
70.000
Jayheraerlsy- Maviettrealg EeE
6P0.D0E00 max. RE*: 37.642MW
wind: 23.574MW
PV: 14.069MW
50.000
approx. 53% (14.04.2014)
40.000
30.000
H
b
m
G
20.000
n
o
min. RE*: 148MW ir
p
m
wind: 148MW
A
10.000 PV: 0MW :e
c
approx. 0,2% (17.02.2013) ru
o
S
0
h-Values
Source: Amprion GmbH - CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Klaus
Kleinekorte | 25th August 2014 | © Amprion
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
VER Integration Impacts
Integration Issue Bulk Renewables Distributed Resources
(Wind and Solar) (incl. rooftop PV)
Scheduling & Dispatch  
Reserves & Frequency  
Regulation
Resource Adequacy &  
System Flexibility
Generation Cycling &  
Retirement
System Voltage and  
Frequency Impacts
Distribution Feeder 
Impacts
Bulk Impacts of DER 
Utility Revenue & 
Business Models
8
© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ensuring Sufficient System Flexibility
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The “Duck” Curve
Not Just Resource Adequacy but the Adequacy of Resource of the Right Type
2.500
MW - Lunedì, 30 Agosto 2010
2.000 MW - Lunedì, 29 Agosto 2011
MW - Lunedì, 27 Agosto 2012
1.500
1.000
More upward ramping
capability is required when
sun goes down
500
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .0 .1 .2 .3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Increased requirement for
Need lower minimum generation
downward ramping capability in
levels to avoid over-generation
the morning
Source:ENEL –Measured Data from Southern Italy
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© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.