Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquaculture

328 Pages·2001·22.06 MB·English

by  C.-S. Lee

Reproductive Biotechnology
in Finfish Aquaculture
Proceedings of a Workshop hosted by the Oceanic Institute
Hawaii, USA, in Honolulu, 4-7th October 1999
This page intentionally left blank
Reproductive Biotechnology
in Finfish Aquaculture
Proceedings of a Workshop hosted by the Oceanic Institute
Hawaii, USA, in Honolulu, 4-7* October 1999
Edited by
CHENG-SHENG LEE
The Oceanic Institute, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, USA
and
EDWARD M. DONALDSON
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
West Vancouver Laboratory, West Vancouver B.C., CANADA V7V1N6
2001
ELSEVIER
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REPRINTED FROM THE ELSEVIER SCIENCE JOURNAL AQUACULTURE, VOL. 197,
NOS. 1-4 (1 JUNE 2001)
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CENTER FOR Α ΡΡ LI £ 0 A 0 U A C ÜIΤ U R Ε
Reproductive Biotechnology
in Finfish Aquaculture
Proceedings of a Workshop hosted by the Oceanic
Institute Hawaii, USA, in Honolulu, 4-7 October 1999
th
Editors
CHENG-SHENG LEE
The Oceanic Institute, 41- 202 Kalanianaole Hwy.
Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795
USA
EDWARD M. DONALDSON
Department of Fisheries and Oceans', West Vancouver Laboratory
4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver B.C.
CANADA V7V1N6
Aquaculture
ELSEVIER —
www.elsevier.nl/locate/aqua-online
Contents
Preface 1
Effects of stress on fish reproduction, gamete quality, and progeny
C.B. Schreck, W. Contreras-Sanchez and M.S. Fitzpatrick (Corvallis, OR, USA) 3
Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish
M.S. Izquierdo, H. Fernandez-Palacios (Telde, Spain) and A.G.J. Tacon (Waimanalo, HI,
USA) 25
Genetics and broodstock management of coho salmon
Ü.M. Myers, P.O. Heggelund (Seattle, WA, USA), G. Hudson (Rochester, WA, USA) and
R.N. Iwamoto (Seattle, WA, USA) 43
The environmental regulation of maturation in farmed finfish with special reference to the role
of photoperiod and melatonin
N. Bromage, M. Porter and C. Randall (Stirling, UK) 63
Endocrine manipulations of spawning in cultured fish: from hormones to genes
Y. Zohar (Baltimore, MD, USA) and C.C. Mylonas (Iraklion, Greece) 99
Disease prevention and control for gametes and embryos of fish and marine shrimp
J.A. Brock (Honolulu, HI, USA) and R. Bullis (Waimanalo, HI, USA) 137
Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos
N.-H. Chao and I C. Liao (Keelung, Taiwan) 161
The role of aquatic biotechnology in aquaculture
C.L. Hew (Singapore) and G.L. Fletcher (St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada) 191
Genetic improvement of aquaculture finfish species by chromosome manipulation techniques
in Japan
K. Arai (Hakodate, Japan) 205
Endocrine sex control strategies for the feminization of teleost fish
F. Piferrer (Barcelona, Spain) 229
Monosex male production in finfish as exemplified by tilapia: applications, problems, and
prospects
J.A. Beardmore, G.C. Mair (Swansea, UK) and R.I. Lewis (Stellenbosch, South Africa) . . . 283
General discussion on "Reproductive biotechnology in finfish aquaculture"
C.-S. Lee (Waimanalo, HI, USA) and E.M. Donaldson (West Vancouver, BC, Canada). ... 303
Keyword Index 321
Aquaculture
ELSEVIER Aquaculture 197 (2001) 1
www.elsevier.nl/locate/aqua-online
Preface and acknowledgements
Techniques for controlling and manipulating the reproduction of aquatic species to
increase aquaculture production have been the subject of a number of studies throughout
the world. The Aquaculture Interchange Program, funded by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant #NA86RG0041, at the Oceanic Institute,
Hawaii (01) conducted a workshop on "Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquacul­
ture" in October 1999 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The objectives of the workshop were to
review progress and assess the status of biotechnology research that can be applied to
control the reproduction of species for aquaculture, to facilitate the exchange of
information among researchers, to elucidate future research needs for controlling
reproduction, and to make recommendations to the industry for ways to safely use
reproductive biotechnology to the best advantage.
This special issue is the proceedings of this workshop. The papers that were
presented included both original research and reviews. Information on secure sources of
desirable fertilized gametes and embryos, techniques for manipulating maturation and
spawning, and methods of preventing the transmission of diseases were presented.
Factors that influence reproductive performance, such as stress, broodstock nutrition,
and the environment were also considered. Species discussed at the workshop included
Coho salmon, rainbow trout, turbot, Japanese flounder, seabream, striped bass, eel,
tilapia, and loach. The research reported was carried out in Canada, Japan, Singapore,
Spain, Taiwan, the UK, the USA, and the Philippines.
This workshop was planned and organized by Cheng-Sheng Lee (OI) and Edward
Donaldson. Financial support to cover the expenses of holding the workshop in
Honolulu and for the costs of publishing the proceedings was generously provided by
NOAA. The organizers would like to thank Niall Bromage for his help in the final
editing of this special issue. They would also like to express their appreciation to the
invited speakers for their participation in the workshop and for the time they invested in
writing the papers. The content of these papers reflect the opinions of the authors and
not necessarily those of NOAA. The organizers would also like to thank Pat O'Bryen for
her assistance in editing and preparing the manuscripts for publication.
Cheng-Sheng Lee
The Oceanic Institute, 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy.,
Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA
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Aquaculture
ELSEVIER Aquaculture 197 (2001) 3-24 = ^ ^ ^ ^=
www.elsevier.nl/locate/aqua-online
Effects of stress on fish reproduction, gamete
quality, and progeny *
Carl B. Schreck*, Wilfrido Contreras-Sanchez,
Martin S. Fitzpatrick
Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S.G.S. and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife,
1
104 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
Received 1 October 2000; accepted 31 December 2000
Abstract
Different taxa of fish have different tolerances to stress. This implies that for a particular
stressor, severity may vary depending on the species to which it was applied. Species may differ
in the nature of their physiological response and reproductive consequences to stressors. For
example, disturbance or handling may affect the timing of reproduction—accelerating or delaying
it as the case may be—in species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); however, tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) respond by acceleration or complete inhibition of reproduction, depend­
ing on the maturational stage when the stressor is experienced. Strategies for coping with stress
affect reproductive fitness either in terms of gamete or progeny quality. The physiology associated
with maturation and spawning appears tightly coupled with stress physiology. Environmental
variables, particularly nutrition, are ultimately important in affecting gamete quality and reproduc­
tive timing. The physiological response to stressors is also quite polymorphic, within and between
species. For example, the circulating concentration of the primary stress response factor Cortisol
varies greatly among resting and among stressed rainbow trout stocks. Immunocapacity can be
influenced by stress, reducing reproductive fitness of broodfish. We propose that maternal systems
have been developed to buffer eggs from deleterious consequences of stressors, including
regulation of transfer of substances of maternal origin to the egg and in mechanisms controlling
the timing of reproduction. Effects of nutritional stressors are moderated by effects on timing of
first maturity or subsequent reproductive events and/or by maintenance of quality of some eggs
Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Report Number 11578.
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (C.B. Schreck).
Supported cooperatively by Oregon State University, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the
1
U.S.G.S.
0044-8486/01/$ - see front matter. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
PII: S0044-8486(01)00580-4