Renewable Fuels: Sources, Conversion, and Utilization

583 Pages·2022·26.193 MB·English

by  Jacqueline O'Connor, Bobby Noble, Tim Lieuwen

Renewable Fuels
Focusing on a critical aspect of the future clean energy system – renewable fuels – this
book will be your complete guide on how these fuels are manufactured, the consid-
erations associated with utilizing them, and their real-world applications. Written by
experts across the field, the book presents professional perspectives, providing an
in-depth understanding of this crucial topic. Clearly explained and organized into four
parts, this book explores the technical aspects written in an accessible way. Part I dis-
cusses the dominant energy conversion approaches and the impact that fuel properties
have on system operability. Part II outlines the chemical carrier options available for
these conversion devices, including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. Part III describes
the physics and chemistry of combustion, revealing the issues associated with utiliz-
ing these fuels. Finally, Part IV presents real-world case studies, demonstrating the
successful pathways toward a net-zero carbon future.
Dr. Jacqueline O’Connor is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Direc-
tor of the Center for Gas Turbine Research, Education, and Outreach at the Penn-
sylvania State University. An American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
fellow and an American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) associate
fellow, she serves on executive boards and committees for the Combustion Institute,
the International Gas Turbine Institute, and the AIAA.
Mr. David “Bobby” Noble is Program Manager of Gas Turbine research at EPRI. He
is renowned in the power industry for gas turbine monitoring and diagnostics, digital
twins, and combustion. Bobby is also an ASME fellow, serving on the International
Gas Turbine Institute Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions Committee.
Dr. Tim Lieuwen is Regents’ Professor and Executive Director of the Strategic Energy
Institute at Georgia Tech. He is the founder and chief technology officer of Turbine-
Logic, an energy analytics firm, and an elected member of the National Academy of
Engineering. Professor Lieuwen has authored 4 books and over 400 other publications.

Renewable Fuels
Sources, Conversion, and Utilization
JACQUELINE O’CONNOR
Pennsylvania State University
BOBBY NOBLE
EPRI
TIM LIEUWEN
Georgia Institute of Technology
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www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781316512883
DOI: 10.1017/9781009072366
© Cambridge University Press 2023
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2023
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: O’Connor, Jacqueline, 1984– editor. | Noble, Bobby, 1980– editor. |
Lieuwen, Tim C., editor.
Title: Renewable fuels : sources, conversion, and utilization / edited by
Jacqueline O’Connor, Pennsylvania State University Bobby Noble,
Electric Power Research Institute, Tim Lieuwen, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Description: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA :
Cambridge University Press, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022025081 | ISBN 9781316512883 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781009072366 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Renewable energy sources. | Fuel.
Classification: LCC TJ808 .R4565 2023 | DDC 333.79/4–dc23/eng/20220817
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022025081
ISBN 978-1-316-51288-3 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
Contents
List of Contributors page vii
Preface xi
Part I Users and Conversion Devices
1 Aero Gas Turbines 3
Tim Snyder, Dusty Davis, and Randy McKinney
2 Ground-Based Gas Turbines 35
Vince McDonell and Bobby Noble
3 Reciprocating Engines 75
André L. Boehman
4 Process Heaters 138
Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
5 Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production 161
Thomas Fuller
Part II Chemical Energy Carriers
6 Syngas and Biogas 195
Katharine Hirl, Hannah Murnen, and Tom L. Richard
7 Liquid Fuel Synthesis 216
Matthew Realff
8 Ammonia 245
Agustin Valera-Medina, Syed Mashruk, Daniel Pugh, and Phil Bowen
9 Metal Fuels 275
Jeffrey M. Bergthorson and Keena A. Trowell
vi Contents
10 Bio-based Solid Fuels 329
Andrew H. Hubble and Jillian L. Goldfarb
Part III Fundamental Combustion Processes
11 Fundamentals of Gaseous Combustion 371
Eric L. Petersen and Olivier Mathieu
12 Liquid Fuel Atomization and Combustion 414
Ajay K. Agrawal
13 Pollutant Emissions of Alternative Fuels 451
Ponnuthurai Gokulakrishnan and Michael S. Klassen
Part IV Case Studies
14 Certification of Drop-In Alternative Fuels for Aviation 487
Mark Rumizen
15 Fuel Composition Influences on Reciprocating Engine
Performance 501
Jim Szybist, Scott Sluder, John Farrell, and Robert Wagner
16 Near-Zero- and Zero-Carbon Fuels in Industrial
Gas Turbines 515
Jeffrey Goldmeer
17 Hydrogen Solutions for Net-Zero Power Generation 544
Michael J. Ducker
Index 562
Contributors
Ajay K. Agrawal
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
John Zink Combustion, Tulsa, OK, USA
Jeffrey M. Bergthorson
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
André L. Boehman
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Phil Bowen
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Dusty Davis
Pratt and Whitney, East Hartford, CT, USA
Michael J. Ducker
Mitsubishi Power, Gibsonia, PA, USA
John Farrell
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Thomas Fuller
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Ponnuthurai Gokulakrishnan
Combustion Science and Engineering, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
Jillian L. Goldfarb
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
viii List of Contributors
Jeffrey Goldmeer
GE Gas Power, Schenectady, NY, USA
Katharine Hirl
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Andrew H. Hubble
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Michael S. Klassen
Combustion Science and Engineering, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
Syed Mashruk
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Olivier Mathieu
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Vince McDonell
University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Randy McKinney
Pratt & Whitney (Retired), East Hartford, CT, USA
Hannah Murnen
Compact Membrane Systems, Newport, DE, USA
Bobby Noble
EPRI, Charlotte, NC, USA
Eric L. Petersen
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Daniel Pugh
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Matthew Realff
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Tom L. Richard
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Mark Rumizen
Federal Aviation Administration, Burlington, MA, USA
List of Contributors ix
Scott Sluder
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN, USA
Tim Snyder
Pratt and Whitney, East Hartford, CT, USA
Jim Szybist
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN, USA
Keena A. Trowell
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Agustin Valera-Medina
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Robert Wagner
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN, USA