Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS

412 Pages·2017·25.02 MB·English

by  Frede Blaabjerg

Renewable Energy Devices and
Systems with Simulations in
MATLAB® and ANSYS®
Frede Blaabjerg Dan M. Ionel
Aalborg University University of Kentucky
Aalborg, Denmark Lexington, USA
MATLAB® and Simulink® are trademarks of the MathWorks, Inc. and are used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant
the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® and Simulink® software or related
products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by the MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of
the MATLAB® and Simulink® software.
ANSYS® is a trademark of ANSYS, Inc. and is used with permission. ANSYS does not warrant the accuracy of the text, exercises
or simulation examples from this book and its companion website. This book’s use or discussion of ANSYS® software or related
products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by ANSYS of a particular use of the ANSYS® software.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Blaabjerg, Frede, author. | Ionel, Dan M., author.
Title: Renewable energy devices and systems with simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS / Frede Blaabjerg and
Dan M. Ionel.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the
Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016036879| ISBN 9781498765824 (hardback : acid-free paper) |
ISBN 9781498765831 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Electric power systems. | Renewable energy sources. | Electric power systems--Computer
simulation. | Renewable energy sources--Computer simulation. | MATLAB. | ANSYS (Computer system)
Classification: LCC TK1005 .B58 2017 | DDC 621.0420285/53--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016036879
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................vii
Editors ...............................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Renewable Energy Systems: Technology Overview and Perspectives ........................1
Frede Blaabjerg, Dan M. Ionel, Yongheng Yang, and Huai Wang
Chapter 2 Solar Power Sources: PV, Concentrated PV, and Concentrated Solar Power ............17
Katherine A. Kim, Konstantina Mentesidi, and Yongheng Yang
Chapter 3 Overview of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems ............................41
Yongheng Yang and Frede Blaabjerg
Chapter 4 Three-Phase Photovoltaic Systems: Structures, Topologies, and Control ..................67
Tamás Kerekes, Dezső Séra, and László Máthé
Chapter 5 Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic
Energy Production Systems ........................................................................................91
Eftichios Koutroulis and Frede Blaabjerg
Chapter 6 Design of Residential Photovoltaic Systems ............................................................131
Tamás Kerekes, Dezső Séra, László Máthé, and Kenn H.B. Frederiksen
Chapter 7 Small Wind Energy Systems ....................................................................................151
Marcelo Godoy Simões, Felix Alberto Farret, and Frede Blaabjerg
Chapter 8 Power Electronics and Controls for Large Wind Turbines and Wind Farms ...........177
Ke Ma, Udai Shipurkar, Dan M. Ionel, and Frede Blaabjerg
Chapter 9 Electric Generators and their Control for Large Wind Turbines ..............................209
Ion G. Boldea, Lucian N. Tutelea, Vandana Rallabandi,
Dan M. Ionel, and Frede Blaabjerg
Chapter 10 Design Considerations for Wind Turbine Systems ...................................................251
Marcelo Godoy Simões, S.M. Muyeen, and Ahmed Al-Durra
Chapter 11 Marine and Hydrokinetic Power Generation and Power Plants ...............................267
Eduard Muljadi and Yi-Hsiang Yu
v
vi Contents
Chapter 12 Power Conversion and Control for Fuel Cell Systems in Transportation and
Stationary Power Generation ....................................................................................291
Kaushik Rajashekara and Akshay K. Rathore
Chapter 13 Batteries and Ultracapacitors for Electric Power Systems with Renewable
Energy Sources .........................................................................................................319
Seyed Ahmad Hamidi, Dan M. Ionel, and Adel Nasiri
Chapter 14 Microgrid for High-Surety Power: Architectures, Controls, Protection, and
Demonstration ..........................................................................................................355
Mark Dehong Xu, Haijin Li, and Keyan Shi
Index ..............................................................................................................................................393
Preface
In the twenty-first century, we are facing a major transition in the way energy is generated, trans-
mitted, distributed, and utilized. At this moment, we are in the rising phase of shifting from fossil
fuels to renewable sources and experiencing a large movement toward a truly sustainable society for
ourselves and for future generations. Nowadays, in terms of annual newly installed capacity, renew-
able generation is already higher than the conventional one, and this trend is expected to rise in the
future. Changes in generation are accompanied by increased measures and new technologies to use
energy as efficiently as possible. Both efforts rely on power electronics as an enabling technology
and on substantial research and development efforts.
This book covers the main topics in the field of renewable energy that play an important role
in modern technology, with emphasis on electric power engineering and power electronics. State-
of-the-art solutions together with ongoing developments are reviewed at an introductory level in
Chapter 1. Solar energy, including concentrated and PV systems, maximum power point techniques,
single and three configurations, and associated design aspects of utility and residential systems are
covered in Chapters 2 through 6. Wind turbine systems, including their electric generators, con-
trols, power converters, and related design and implementation aspects, are presented in Chapters 7
through 10. Chapters 11 and 12 are devoted to the topics of marine and hydrokinetic and fuel cell
technologies, respectively. The fast-developing field of energy storage with batteries and ultraca-
pacitors is covered in Chapter 13. The last chapter, 14, discusses very timely topics of architecture,
controls, protection, and application for microgrids.
The book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate levels and can serve as a useful reference
for academic researchers, engineers, managers, and other professionals in the industry. Each chapter
includes descriptions of fundamental and advanced concepts, supported by many illustrations and
numerical and practical examples. Also included, in order to provide better understanding for the
reader, are two design examples for a small wind turbine system and PV power system, respectively,
and simulation models for the MATLAB® and ANSYS® software, which are available for download
from the book companion website at https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781498765824.
We acknowledge the tireless efforts and assistance of the Taylor & Francis Group/CRC Press edi-
torial staff. We especially thank Nora Konopka and Kyra Lindholm. Special thanks to Dr. Yongheng
Yang of Aalborg University for his assistance in the final stages of editing the manuscript. We also
gratefully acknowledge the expert contributions of our worldwide group of collaborators and the
support of Aalborg University, CORPE Consortium, and University of Kentucky, the L. Stanley
Pigman Endowment.
Frede Blaabjerg
Dan M. Ionel
January 2017
MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The ANSYS® is a registered trademark of ANSYS,
MathWorks, Inc. For product information, please Inc. For product information, please contact:
contact:
The MathWorks, Inc. ANSYS, Inc.
3 Apple Hill Drive Southpointe, 2600 ANSYS Drive
Natick, MA 01760-2098 USA Canonsburg, PA 15317, USA
Tel: [phone] Phone: 844.Go.ANSYS
Fax: [phone] Toll Free: 844-462-6797
E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [phone]
Web: www.mathworks.com www.ansys.com
vii
Editors
Frede Blaabjerg is professor of power electronics and drives at Aalborg University in Denmark.
Earlier in his career, he was with ABB-Scandia, Randers, Denmark, from 1987 to 1988, and afterward
joined Aalborg University where he became an assistant professor in 1992, an associate professor in
1996, and a full professor in 1998. He has been a part time research leader in Research Center Risoe
in wind turbines. From 2006 to 2010, he was the dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Science, and
Medicine at Aalborg University and became a visiting professor in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China, in 2009. He is also guest professor at Harbin Institute of Technology, Shandong University,
and Shanghai Maritime University in China. He is currently heading the Center of Reliable Power
Electronics (CORPE) located at Aalborg University. He has published extensively with major
emphasis on power electronics and its applications, such as in wind turbines, PV systems, reliability
in power electronics, harmonics, power quality, and adjustable speed drives.
He received the 1995 Angelos Award for his contribution in modulation techniques and the
Annual Professor Award from Aalborg University. In 1998, he received the Outstanding Young
Power Electronics Engineer Award from the IEEE Power Electronics Society and over the years has
received 17 IEEE Prize Paper Awards. He received the IEEE PELS Distinguished Service Award in
2009, the EPE-PEMC Council Award in 2010, and the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics
Award in 2014. He has also received a number of major research awards in Denmark, such as the
Villum Kann Rasmussen Research Award in 2014.
Dr. Blaabjerg is an IEEE fellow. He was the editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics from 2006 to 2012 and distinguished lecturer for the IEEE Power Electronics Society
from 2005 to 2007 and for the IEEE Industry Applications Society from 2010 to 2011. He was the
chairman of EPE in 2007 and PEDG in 2012, both held in Aalborg. In 2002, he founded the IEEE
Danish joint chapter for PELS/IAS/IES. He has also been ADCOM member of PELS twice, serv-
ing the last term from 2013 to 2015. He was elected and served as vice president for products in the
Power Electronics Society for 2015–2016. He was also chairman of IEEE FEPPCON in 2015 held
in Italy and is a member of a couple of technical committees in PELS as well as in the EPE organiza-
tion. For many years, he has been involved in research funding and policies in Denmark and Europe.
Dan M. Ionel is professor of electrical engineering and the L. Stanley Pigman chair in power at
the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky. Previously, he worked in industry for 25 years,
most recently as chief engineer for Regal Beloit Corp. and, before that, as the chief scientist for
Vestas Wind Turbines. Concurrently with his industrial appointments, Dr. Ionel also served as visit-
ing and research professor at the University of Wisconsin and Marquette University in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. He is currently the director of the SPARK Laboratory and of the PEIK Institute at the
University of Kentucky, teaching and researching on topics of sustainable and renewable energy
technologies, electric machines and power electronic drives, electromagnetic devices, electric power
systems, smart grids, and buildings.
He has contributed to technology developments with long-lasting industrial impact, including the
world’s most powerful wind turbine and United States’ most successful range of PM motor drives.
His research benefited from multimillion dollar support directly from industry as well as from the
NSF, NIST, and DOE. In the industry, he received the Innovation Award from AO Smith Corp. and
the Archer Inventor Award from Regal Beloit Corp. During his PhD studies, he was a Leverhulme
visiting fellow at the University of Bath in England. He was a keynote and invited speaker at major
international conferences. Three of his publications received IEEE Best Paper Awards. He holds
more than 30 patents, including a medal winner at the Geneva Invention Fair.
ix
x Editors
Dr. Ionel is an IEEE fellow. He was the inaugural chair of the IEEE Industry Applications Society,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems Committee; chair of the IEEE Power and
Energy Society, Electric Motor Subcommittee; and chair of the IEEE Power Electronics, Milwaukee
Chapter. He also served as editor of IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy and technical pro-
gram chair for IEEE ECCE 2015. He is the general chair of the 2017 anniversary edition of the IEEE
IEMDC Conference and the editor-in-chief of the Electric Power Components and Systems journal,
which is published by the Taylor & Francis Group.
Contributors
Ahmed Al-Durra Eftichios Koutroulis
Department of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
The Petroleum Institute Technical University of Crete
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Chania, Greece
Frede Blaabjerg Haijin Li
Department of Energy Technology Institute of Power Electronics
Aalborg University Zhejiang University
Aalborg, Denmark Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of
China
Ion G. Boldea
Department of Electrical Engineering
Ke Ma
Politehnica University of Timisoara
Department of Energy Technology
Timisoara, Romania
Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
Felix Alberto Farret
Department of Energy Processing
László Máthé
Federal University of Santa Maria
Department of Energy Technology
Santa Maria, Brazil
Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
Kenn H.B. Frederiksen
Kenergy
Konstantina Mentesidi
Horsens, Denmark
Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering
Seyed Ahmad Hamidi
Public University of Navarra
Milwaukee Electric Tool
Pamplona, Spain
Brookfield, Wisconsin
Eduard Muljadi
Dan M. Ionel
Power Systems Engineering Center
Department of Electrical and Computer
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Engineering
Golden, Colorado
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
S.M. Muyeen
Tamás Kerekes Department of Electrical and Computer
Department of Energy Technology Engineering
Aalborg University Curtin University
Aalborg, Denmark Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Katherine A. Kim Adel Nasiri
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Engineering
Technology University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee
Ulsan, Korea Milwaukee, Wisconsin
xi
xii Contributors
Kaushik Rajashekara Marcelo Godoy Simões
Department of Electrical & Communication Department of Electrical Engineering and
Engineering Computer Science
University of Houston Colorado School of Mines
Houston, Texas Golden, Colorado
Vandana Rallabandi Lucian N. Tutelea
Department of Electrical & Computer Department of Electrical Engineering
Engineering Politehnica University of Timisoara
University of Kentucky Timisoara, Romania
Lexington, Kentucky
Huai Wang
Akshay K. Rathore
Department of Energy Technology
Department of Electrical and Computer
Aalborg University
Engineering
Aalborg, Denmark
Concordia University
Montréal, Québec, Canada
Mark Dehong Xu
Dezső Séra Institute of Power Electronics
Department of Energy Technology Zhejiang University
Aalborg University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of
Aalborg, Denmark China
Keyan Shi
Yongheng Yang
Institute of Power Electronics
Department of Energy Technology
Zhejiang University
Aalborg University
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of
Aalborg, Denmark
China
Udai Shipurkar Yi-Hsiang Yu
Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy National Wind Technology Center
Delft University of Technology National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Delft, The Netherlands Golden, Colorado