Remote measurement of aerosol optical properties using the NOAA POES AVHRR and GOES Imager during TARFOX

114 Pages·1.2 MB·English

by  Brown, Brian B

NPS ARCHIVE
1997,Q(o
BROWN,
B.
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
THESIS
REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES
!
USING THE NOAA POES AVHRR AND GOES IMAGER DURING
TARFOX
by
Brian B. Brown
June 1997
Thesis Advisor: Philip A. Durkee
Co-Advisor: Carlyle H. Wash
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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June 1997 Master's Thesis
4. TITLB AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES USING
THE NOAA POES AVHRR AND GOES IMAGER DURING TARFOX
6. AUTHOR(S)
Brian B. Brown
7. PERFOMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
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Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, CA 93943-5000
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The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
A radiative transfer algorithm in the solar wavelengths for the NOAA POES
AVHRR and GOES Imager is proposed for the cloud-free, marine atmosphere. The
algorithm combines linearized, single-scattering theory with an estimate of bi-
directional surface reflectance. Phase functions are parameterized using an
aerosol distribution model and the ratio of radiance values measured in channels 1
and 2 of the AVHRR. Retrieved satellite aerosol optical depth is compared to
airborne sunphotometer data and derived values from particle size distributions
collected during the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational
Experiment (TARFOX) in July 1996. Error in the satellite derived values from the
AVHRR originates in error in modeling aerosol size distributions, corresponding
phase function parameterization and treatment of specular surface reflectance.
Extension of the algorithm to the GOES Imager provided results consistent with the
AVHRR.
14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OP PAGES
84
Radiative transfer, NOAA AVHRR, GOES, aerosol optical depth,
TARFOX 16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OP REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES
USING THE NOAA POES AVHRR AND GOES IMAGER DURING
TARFOX
Brian B. Brown
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1986
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN METEOROLOGY AND
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
JUNE 1997
AvtW
flPS
&y0IJYKNOXLIBRARY
NAVAkPOSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
M@N'fiRiY CA 83943-5101
ABSTRACT
A radiative transfer algorithm in the solar wavelengths
for the NOAA POES AVHRR and GOES Imager is proposed for the
cloud-free marine atmosphere. The algorithm combines
,
linearized, single-scattering theory with an estimate of bi-
directional surface reflectance. Phase functions are
parameterized using an aerosol distribution model and the
ratio of radiance values measured in channels 1 and 2 of the
AVHRR. Retrieved satellite aerosol optical depth is
compared to airborne sunphotometer data and values derived
from aerosol particle size distributions collected during
the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational
Experiment (TARFOX) in July 1996. Error in the satellite
derived values from the AVHRR originates in error in
modeling aerosol size distributions, corresponding phase
function parameterization and treatment of specular surface
reflectance. Extension of the algorithm to the GOES Imager
provided results consistent with the AVHRR.
VI
. . ........ .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION 1
II RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 5
A. EXTINCTION, SCATTERING, AND OPTICAL DEPTH 5
B. RADIATIVE TRANSFER SOLUTION 7
1. Aerosol Radiance (La) 9
2 Scattering Phase Function (P) 11
III. DATA 15
A. TARFOX DATA SETS 15
B. INSTRUMENTS 16
1. NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer (AVHRR) 16
2 GOES Imager 17
NASA AMES Airborne Autotracking
3
.
Sunphotometer 18
4. Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer
Probe (PCASP) 19
5. Particle Soot Absorption
Photometer (PSAP) 20
IV. OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVAL PROCEDURES 21
A. SATELLITE IMAGE RETRIEVAL/DISPLAY 21
B. OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVAL 21
C. RADIATIVE TRANSFER CODE 22
1. Solar Irradiance/Solar Radiance 22
2. Ozone and Rayleigh Optical Depths 23
3 Scattering Phase Function 23
a. NOAA/NESDIS Derived Scattering Phase
Function 24
b. Particle Size Parameter (S
12)
Derived Scattering Phase Functions 24
.
V. RESULTS 33
A. OVERVIEW OF TARFOX 33
B. 25 JULY 1996 34
1 Weather 34
2 Absorption 35
3 Water Vapor 36
4. Aerosol Distributions/Phase Functions .... 36
a. 25 July Intercomparisons 36
b. 21, 25, and 27 July
Intercomparisons 38
5. NOAA 14 Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval .. 39
6. GOES 8 Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals .. 41
C. 18 JULY 1996 43
1 Weather 43
2. NOAA 14 Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval .. 43
D. 16 JULY 1996 44
1 Weather 44
2. NOAA 14 Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval .. 44
vn
. .
E. 23 JULY 1996 45
1 Weather 45
2. NOAA 14 Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval .. 45
VI CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS 67
.
A. CONCLUSIONS ' 67
B RECOMMENDATIONS 69
LIST OF REFERENCES 71
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 73
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