Religous Discrimination and Hatred Law

330 Pages·2006·1.85 MB·English

by  Addison

Religious Discrimination and
Hatred Law
In 2006 two new pieces of legislation came into force: Part 2 of the Equality
Act and the Racial and Religious Hatred Act. Both pieces of legislation
mimic existing legislation on racial discrimination and racial hatred. How-
ever, there are many fundamental differences between race and religion which
will make the operations of these new laws far more problematic than racial
laws.
This book provides a holistic overview of religion and the law, looking at
the new pieces of legislation, together with existing Human Rights provisions
of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the 2003
Employment Discrimination Regulations and the 2001 Religiously Aggra-
vated Offences. By looking at the entire subject in one book it is possible to
draw comparisons which might not appear immediately obvious, and to deal
in more depth with the definition of and distinctions between religion and
belief. Addison challenges some common but simplistic views on what
religious beliefs are and how they are accommodated by the law.
Neil Addison is a practising barrister and former Senior Crown Prosecutor
with experience in both criminal and civil court at all levels.

Religious Discrimination
and Hatred Law
Neil Addison
First published 2007 by Routledge-Cavendish
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge-Cavendish
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge-Cavendish is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
© 2007 Neil Addison
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-94545-X Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0–415–42030–X (pbk)
ISBN10: 0–415–42027–X (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–42030–3 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–42027–3 (hbk)
Dedicated to the memory of
My mother
Rose Eileen Addison (Loughran)
my mother-in-law
Norah Mary O’Hare (Gordon)
and our good friend
Kathleen MacAuley
Three very remarkable ladies
to whom Rita and I owe a great deal
Requiescat in pace

Contents
Table of cases ix
Table of legislation xiii
Useful websites xv
Glossary of terms xvii
Introduction xxiii
1 What is a religion? 1
2 Religion and human rights 12
3 Religious discrimination 27
4 Religious discrimination in employment 61
5 Religious discrimination in education 92
6 Religious harassment 103
7 Religious crimes 121
8 Religious hatred 139
Appendix A Human rights provisions 150
Appendix B Equality Act 2006, Part 2 157
Appendix C-1 Employment Equality (Religion or Belief)
Regulations 2003 181
viii Religious Discrimination and Hatred Law
Appendix C-2 ACAS Guidance on religion or belief in the
workplace 228
Appendix D Legislation relating to religion and education 262
Appendix E Harassment legislation 275
Appendix F Religious criminal offences 282
Appendix G Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 291
Index 299
Table of cases
Ahmad v ILEA ....................................................67
Ahmad v United Kingdom (1981) 4 EHRR 126 ................19, 61, 67
Åke Green, Supreme Court of Sweden 29 November 2005 ..............25
Ambrose: R v [1973] 57 Cr App R 538 ..............................132
Amicus v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2004]
EWHC 860 (Admin) ...........................................6, 72
Arrowsmith v United Kingdom [1980] 19 DR 517 .....................21
B v Chief Constable of Avon and Somerset [2001] 1 WLR 340 .........138
Baggs v Fudge (ET case No 1400114 2005) ........................32, 62
Baron: DPP v EWHC (Admin) CO/1569/00 13 June 2000 .........103, 116
Barralet v Attorney General [1980] 3 All ER 925 ...............3, 126, 142
Bartold v Germany ................................................18
Begum v Denbigh High School [2004] EWHC 1389 (Admin);
[2005] EWCA Civ 199; [2006] UKHL 15 .......xxi, 16, 18, 19, 23, 26, 41,
68, 92, 95, 96, 97, 101, 108
Bowman v Secular Society [1917] AC 406 ...................122, 126, 142
Boy Scouts of America v Dale (2000) 8 BHRC 535 ......................7
Brutus v Cozens [1973] AC 854 .....................................132
Buscarini v San Marino [1999] 6 BHRC 638 ..........................19
Casado Coca v Spain ..............................................18
Cacks v Manners [1871] LR 12 .......................................3
Chappell v UK [1987] 53 DR 241 .................................10, 13
Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate ex p Choudhury [1991]
1 QB 429 ......................................................122
Choudhury v UK [1991] 12 HRLJ 172 ...........................25, 123
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v Price [2004]
EWHC 3245 ...............................................118, 119
Church of the New Faith v Comrs of Pay-Roll Tax (Victoria) (1983)
154 CLR 120 ....................................................11
Company X v Switzerland [1981] 16 DR 85 ...........................13