Table Of ContentRELIGION, GLOBALIZATION AND POLITICAL
CULTURE IN THE THIRD WORLD
Also by Jeff Haynes
RELIGION IN THIRD WORLD POLITICS
RELIGION AND POLITICS IN AFRICA
THIRD WORLD POLITICS: A Concise Introduction
DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE THIRD WORLD
RELIGION IN GLOBAL POLITICS
Religion, Globalization
and Political Culture in
the Third World
Edited by
Jeff Haynes
Reader in Politics
London Guildhall University
First published in Great Britain 1999 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndrnills, Basingstoke, Hampshire R021 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-27040-8 ISBN 978-1-349-27038-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-27038-5
First published in the United States of America 1999 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-21572-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Religion, globalization, and political culture in the Third World 1
edited by Jeff Haynes.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-21572-9 (cloth)
1. Religion and politics-Developing countries. 2. Developing
countries-Religion. I. Haynes, Jeffrey.
BL65.P7R4344 1998
322'.I'091724-dc21 98-21079
CIP
Selection, editorial matter, introduction and conclusion © Jeff Haynes 1999
Text © Macmillan Press Ltd 1999 except
Chapter 6 © R. William Liddell 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by
the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99
Dedicated to the memory of N azih Ayubi
Contents
List of acronyms ix
Notes on contributors x
PART I Religion and Political Culture in the Third World:
The Impact of Globalization
1 Introduction
Jeff Haynes 3
2 Religion and International Society
Scott Thomas 28
3 The Media and Religion in Third World Politics
Vicky Randall 45
PART II Islam
4 The Politics of Islam in the Middle East with Special
Reference to Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia
NazihAyubi 71
5 Transformations of Mass Religious Culture in the
Islamic Republic of Iran
Fariba Adelkhah 93
6 The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: a Political Explanation
R. William Liddle 112
PART III Christianity
7 Churches and Politics in Latin America: Catholicism
Confronts Contemporary Challenges
Jean Daudelin and W. E. Hewitt 141
8 Pentecostalism, Gerontocratic Rule and
Democratization in Malawi: the Changing Position
of the Young in Political Culture
Rijk Van Dijk 164
vii
viii Contents
PART IV Hinduism and Buddhism
9 The Vishva Hindu Parishad: Structures and Strategies
Christophe laffrelot 191
10 The Politics of Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Duncan McCargo 213
11 Conclusion
leff Haynes 240
Index 257
List of Acronyms
AFORD Alliance for Democracy
BJP Bharatiya Janata Party
BSPP Burma Socialist Programme Party
CBCs Christian Base Communities (Spanish: CEBs -
Comunidades ec1esiales/ec1esiais de base)
CDP Christian Democratic Party
CLAI Latin American Council of Churches
CONELA Latin American Confraternity
HMI Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam
lAIN Institut Agama Islam Negeri
ICMI Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim se-Indonesia
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
MCP Malawi Congress Party
MNC multinational corporation
MYP Malawi Youth Pioneers
NAC Nyasaland Mrican Congress
NLD National League for Democracy
NU Nahdlatul Ulama
PAC Public Affairs Committee
PCD Presidential Committee on Dialogue
PDI Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
PNI Partai Nasional Indonesia
PPP Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
PSI Partai Sosialis Indonesia
RSS Rashtriya Sevak Sangh
SCOM Student Christian Organisation of Malawi
SLORC State Law and Order Restoration Council
UDF United Democratic Front
VHP Vishva Hindu Parishad
ix
Notes on the Contributors
Jeff Haynes is Reader in Politics at London Guildhall University
where he teaches courses on Third World, International and African
Politics. He is the author of Religion in Third World Politics (1993),
Religion and Politics in Africa (1996), Third World Politics: A Concise
Introduction (1996), Democracy and Civil Society in the Third World:
Politics and New Political Movements (1997) and Religion in Global
Politics (1998).
Scott Thomas teaches in the Department of Economics and
International Development at the University of Bath. He has
published widely in the area of religion and politics. His current
research interests include the political role of religion in the context
of globalization.
Vicky Randall is Reader in Government at Essex University and co
editor of the Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Studies. She
is co-author (with Robin Theobald) of Political Change and
Underdevelopment, and editor of Political Parties in the Third World.
Her recent Third World research interests have included democrati
zation, political parties and the media.
Nazih N. Ayubi is a distinguished scholar of the Middle East; he
graduated from Cairo University and obtained his doctorate from the
University of Oxford in 1975. He was a lecturer in Politics at Cairo
University until 1979, Associate Professor of Political Science at the
University of California Los Angeles from 1979 to 1983, and joined
the Department of Politics at the University of Exeter in 1983. At the
latter, he was Reader in Politics and Director of the Middle East
Politics Programme. Writing in both Arabic and English, he
published extensively in his areas of specialization, including public
policy and administration, and political economy, and much of his
work has been translated into other languages. His most recent publi
cations include Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World
(Routledge, 1991), AI-Arab wa mushkilat al-dawla [The Arabs and the
Problem of the State] (Al-Saqi, 1992), Distant Neighbours: The
Political Economy of European/Middle Eastern Relations (ed.) (Ithaca
x
