Table Of ContentRELIABILITY '91
Papers presented at the International Conference on Reliability Tech-
niques and their Application, Reliability '91, 10-12 June 1991, held at the
Royal Lancaster Hotel, London, UK, organised by SRD (the Safety and
Reliability Consultants of AEA Technology) and the Institution of Quality
Assurance (IQA), and supported by the European Safety and Reliability
Association (ESRA).
SAW
(cid:9)AEA TECHNOLOGY ! 21
RELIABILITY '91
Edited by
R. H. MATTHEWS
AEA Technology, SRD,
Culcheth, Warrington, UK
CRC Press
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First published 1991 by CRC Press
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Reliability ‘91
1. Engineering. Quality control
I. Matthews, R. H.
620.00452
ISBN 1-85166-643-5
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V
FOREWORD
RELIABILITY '91 is the eighth in a series of biennial Reliability Conferences started
in 1977 and organised by SRD and IQA. This conference is at a turning point in the
series, which recently has been supported by the European Safety and Reliability
Association, (ESRA), as well as many UK professional and engineering institutions,
when we look forward to a European Annual Safety and Reliability Conference.
RELIABILITY '91 may be regarded as the first of these in the UK, having been
organised by a committee with representatives from several European countries
including France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, The Netherlands and
Ireland as well as the UK. In fact it is the second Pan European Conference, the first
being LAMBDA MU 7 held in France during 1990.
These Proceedings contain some 70 papers, about 50% of which are from other parts
of Europe outside the UK. Papers have been submitted by industry, research
institutions and government departments. The Pan European representation includes
the opening session addresses on the theme "competitiveness through reliability".
This year, however, the opening session starts earlier allowing the first technical
session to begin during the first morning. There is also no closing plenary session.
Reliability is a subject that continues to blossom whether it be in connection with
safety issues or competitiveness. The latter has been receiving more and more
emphasis in recent years. The topics have also increased in breadth and depth and
this is reflected in the range of sessions and the papers presented. Expert systems,
risk analysis, management issues and formal methods in software are very much
involved with reliability technology nowadays and the importance of this is
recognised by the conference and in these proceedings. However, the more
traditional areas are also well recognised and are well represented in the papers.
Twice as many responses to the call for papers were received than could be included
in the conference, which has ensured that the papers are of a high standard.
Reliability in manufacturing is now of wider interest and of course reliability data
continues to exercise significant interest in an area of scarce resources. Human
Reliability is now a well-established technical area having emerged recently from
Human Factors. Parallel with this is the continuing development of software
reliability as a separate discipline from software quality. Electronics, systems and
design are all established areas with sessions in the conference as well as defence
which maintains a strong following. Two of the developing areas, formal methods
and life cycle costing related to competitiveness, will be dealt with by discussion in
round table sessions. A wide variety of papers are being presented in the Poster
session. This enables new ideas on techniques to be discussed with other experts, so
enabling the conference to be a forum for development. The sessions on safety
culture, risk analysis and management bring together disciplines of growing
importance that are strongly related to reliability and which also affect
competitiveness. It is believed that a strong degree of cross-fertilisation has arisen
by this combination of diversity.
vi
A prime function of the Reliability series of conferences has been to demonstrate the
application of reliability technology. This technology has grown strongly over the
last twenty years and the R&D on which the technology depends is still broadening.
The developments are presented in the papers and it is hoped that readers will find
a good balance between technical application and development in all the sessions.
I am confident that the conference and these proceedings will, as they have in
previous years, be useful to managers, engineers and technologists who are
responsible for reliability, safety, competitiveness, loss prevention, product liability,
risk analysis, quality, design and their management. This will apply particularly to
those who need to keep abreast with the most recent developments in reliability
technology and its application. Reliability '91, like its predecessors and the European
Conferences which follow, is a forum for the exchange of ideas and views and the
dissemination of information. On behalf of the Conference Organisation Committee
I offer these proceedings to those who attend the Conference and other readers as
part of the reliability technology transfer for which the conference is organised.
IAN WATSON
Chairman
Conference Organising Committee
vii
Contents
Foreword (cid:9) v
Session 1A: Reliability in Manufacturing
Chairmen: A. DOUGET, Groupement IFE
I. GILROY, Technophone Ltd
`Burn-in' Intelligent and Cost Effective Solutions for Production(cid:9) 1
R. PARSONS
Design of Discrete Parts Manufacturing with Respect to Reliability,
Quality and Cost (cid:9) 21
B. DIMITROVA
Reliability Demonstration of a High Reliability Disk File (cid:9) 32
U. D. PERERA
Fault Trees and Parallelism Dedicated to the Dependability Concept* . 48
E. NIEL AND A. MILLE
Session 1B: Data Collection and Analysis
Chairmen: T. Moss, RM Consultants
M. J. NEWBY, Eindhoven University
Some Thoughts on Reliability Growth (cid:9) 59
R. LEITCH
The Use of Fully Integrated Reliability Databases On-line for Customer
Service (cid:9) 70
D. HARPER AND T. BENDELL
A Further Survey of Pressure Vessel Failures in the UK (cid:9) 84
T. J. DAVENPORT
* Text in French.
viii
Amelioration des Donnees de Fiabilite Operationnelle (cid:9) 100
B. M. ABDALLAH AND C. LAC
Session 2A: Human Reliability
Chairmen: R. P. HUGHES, Nuclear Electric
D. MCMAHON, Reliability and Safety Association of Ireland
Human Dependent Failure Modelling in Fault Tree Analysis using a
Cutset Substitution Method (cid:9) 109
B. WHITTINGHAM
A Study of Team Activity Characterization (cid:9) 120
K. SASOU, A. NAGASAKA AND T. YUKIMACHI
Optimal Allocation of Learning Time for Pilots under Cost Constraints . 129
V. M. CATUNEANU, C. MOLDOVAN, F. L. POPENTIU AND D. POPOVICI
Experience in Advanced Human Reliability Assessment (Abstract) . . . 135
K. REA, B. KIRWAN AND M. LIHOU
Session 2B: Software Reliability
Chairmen: R. ASHLEY, Vincotte
D. J. SMITH, British Gas
Reliable Program Design via Category Theory (cid:9) 136
H. M. EDWARDS, J. B. THOMPSON AND P. SMITH
An Examination of Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools as an
Aid to Software Reliability (cid:9) 152
S. C. STOBART, J. B. THOMPSON AND P. SMITH
Software Quality Measurement in Complex Systems* (cid:9) 162
P. HIVART
Developing and Assessing Critical Systems (cid:9) 173
J. ELLIOTT
Recent Applications of Some Statistical Techniques to Software Reliabi-
lity Data (cid:9) 187
D. W. WIGHTMAN, C. MCCOLLIN AND P. DIXON
* Text in French.
ix
Session 3A: Electronics Reliability
Chairmen: R. GOARIN, Groupement IFE
P. O'CONNOR, British Aerospace
Liquid Immersion Cooling of High Heat Dissipating Microelectronics . . 211
R. VAN SAN
The Test of the Shielding Effectiveness: A Method for Checking the
Reliability of the Multifilar Shielded Lines Used for Computers* . . . . 228
J. C. LACOSTE, B. DEMOULIN, M. ROCHDI AND P. DEGAUQUE
Effect of the Ageing Process on the Reliability of a Thin Film PC-EL
Type Optoelectronic Memory Element (cid:9) 238
Z. PORADA AND E. SCHABOWSKA-OSIOWSKA
Accelerated Life-Test Results of Optocouplers from Different Manufac-
turers (cid:9) 250
J. ARNOULD AND T. D. F. CERLOR
Qualification Results Obtained from the Three Dominant EEPROM
Structures Using a Dedicated Test Method (cid:9) 269
H. L. A. POLMAN, K. FOKKENS AND J. J. MUL
Reliability Performance of Electronic Components: A Critical Appraisal
of British Telecom's HRD Issue 4 (cid:9) 284
A. P. WHITEHEAD AND M. D. H. PRINCE
Guarantee of Reliability of Power Electronic Devices (Abstract) . . . . 297
E. V. DILEVSKAYA AND A. I. LEONTIEV
Session 3B: Design for Reliability
Chairmen: J. CATCHPOLE, Bechtel Ltd
C. GUEDES SOARES, University of Lisbon
Reliability Aspects in Satellite Data Communication Equipment: A Case
Study (cid:9) 299
G. MOURA DE HOLANDA AND J. F. M. S. FRANCO
Reliability Assessment of the Gela Petrochemical Factory Electric
System (cid:9) 314
C. CAMENSIG AND G. PICCIOLO
* Text in French.
