Table Of ContentRELEVANCE AND
APPLICATION OF HERITAGE IN
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
In the contemporary world, unprecedented global events are challenging our
ability to protect and enhance cultural heritage for future generations. Relevance
and Application of Heritage in Contemporary Society examines innovative and flexible
approaches to cultural heritage protection.
Bringing together cultural heritage scholars and activists from across the world,
the volume showcases a spectrum of exciting new approaches to heritage protection,
community involvement, and strategic utilization of expertise. The contributions
deal with a range of highly topical issues, including armed conflict and non-state
actors, as well as broad questions of public heritage, museum roles in society, heritage
tourism, disputed ownership, and indigenous and local approaches. In so doing, the
volume builds upon, and introduces readers to, a new cultural heritage declaration
codified during a 2016 workshop at the Royal Ontario Museum, Canada.
Offering a clarion call for an enduring spirit of innovation, collaboration,
education, and outreach, Relevance and Application of Heritage in Contemporary Society
will be important reading for scholars, students, cultural heritage managers, and
local community stakeholders.
Pei-Lin Yu is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Boise State University, Idaho,
USA, with twenty years of experience in federal cultural heritage management. She
has conducted ethnoarchaeological research in both Venezuela and Taiwan.
Chen Shen is a Senior Curator of Chinese Art and Archaeology at Royal Ontario
Museum, Toronto, Canada, where he currently serves as Vice President of World
Cultures. He is cross-appointed as Professor in the East Asian Studies Department
at the University of Toronto.
George S. Smith was formerly the associate director of the National Park Service’s
Southeast Archaeological Center (USA) and currently holds an appointment in the
Department of Anthropology at Florida State University, Florida, USA.
RELEVANCE AND
APPLICATION
OF HERITAGE IN
CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETY
Edited by Pei-Lin Yu, Chen Shen,
and George S. Smith
First published 2018
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Taylor & Francis
The right of Pei-Lin Yu, Chen Shen, and George S. Smith to be identified
as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78
of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this title has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-62958-388-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-62958-389-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-70227-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations viii
List of Contributors x
1 Balancing the Past with the Needs and Concerns of
Contemporary Society 1
George S. Smith, Pei-Lin Yu, and Chen Shen
2 Lessons Since 2003: Protecting Cultural Heritage during
Conflict 11
Peter Stone
3 Online Public Opinion and Archaeological Heritage
Conservation: A Case Study from Western Canada 21
David Pokotylo
4 Objects of the Past: Relevance of Cultural Heritage in
21st-Century Museums 35
Chen Shen
5 What’s a Museum to Do? The Global Trade in Illegal Antiquities 44
L. Eden Burgess
6 Public Perception and Policy Changes of Cultural Heritage
Management in China 56
Jigen Tang
vi Contents
7 Value and Values in Heritage Tourism from the Grand Tour
to the Experience Economy 66
Uzi Baram
8 Heritage in a Changing World and Higher Education for
Heritage Managers: A Pilot Program from Egypt 79
Fekri Hassan
9 Higher Education and Cultural Heritage Management
Programs: A Personal Perspective 91
George S. Smith
10 Engaging “the Public” in Heritage: Which Public and
Whose Heritage? 96
Elizabeth S. Chilton
11 Regulating Indigenous Heritage: Impacts of Governmental
Policies and Procedures on Indigenous Heritage 105
Joe Watkins
12 The New Data Makers: Indigenous Innovations in Cultural
Heritage Management 115
Pei-Lin Yu
13 Cultural Heritage Management in Developing Countries:
Challenges and Opportunities 125
Jeffrey H. Altschul
14 Heritage in the Global Economy: Protecting Cultural
Heritage through Nongovernmental and Voluntary Practices 135
Marion Werkheiser, Trace Brooks, and Ellen Chapman
15 Heritage, Climate Change, and Adaptation Planning 146
Diane L. Douglas
16 The Fusion of Law and Ethics in Cultural Heritage
Management: The 21st Century Confronts Archaeology 160
Hilary A. Soderland and Ian A. Lilley
17 Cultural Heritage Stewardship: Global Challenges and
New Approaches for an Uncertain Future 186
Arlene K. Fleming
Contents vii
Appendix A: The Toronto Declaration on the Relevance and
Application of Heritage in Contemporary Society, Full English Version 199
Appendix B: Spanish-Language ‘Pocket’ Version of the Toronto Declaration 203
Appendix C: Chinese- (Simplified) Language ‘Pocket’ Version of the
Toronto Declaration 205
Appendix D: French-Language ‘Pocket’ Version of the Toronto Declaration 207
Appendix E: Arabic-Language ‘Pocket’ Version of the Toronto Declaration 209
Index 210
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
3.1 Gulf Islands Residents and First Nations Protesting House
Construction on Grace Islet, August 26, 2014 24
3.2 Distribution of Number of Reader Comments to
a Discussion Thread 27
3.3 Distribution of Number of Comments Contributed by Reader 28
3.4 Distribution of Online Commenter ‘Types’ 29
3.5 Distribution of Online Commenter Types by Controversy Phase 29
4.1a-b Chinese Jade bi Disc Dated to 4,000 Years Ago, a Ritual Jade
Object of Liangzhu Culture in Eastern China, Once in the
Collection of China’s Famed Wu Dacheng, Is Now the Latest
Addition to the ROM 39
4.2 The Africa Program at the ROM 42
6.1 A Shang Dynasty Chariot under Excavation at Yinxu 59
6.2 The National Archaeological Park of Yinxu, Created in 2010 62
6.3 A Questionnaire Used to Survey the Attitude of Local
Residents at Yinxu 64
7.1 Tourists Disembarking from Cruise Ship at Cozumel 68
7.2 Theming for Disney World Begins on the Highway 69
7.3 Venice at Disney World 72
7.4 Tables and Tourists at Piazza San Marco 73
12.1 Ira Matt, left, and Don Sam, right, of the Confederated
Salish and Kootenai Tribal Cultural Preservation Program
Document Items Found Melting out of an Ice Patch 121
17.1 Flooding and Wind in Jacksonville, Florida, during Hurricane
Irma in 2017 189
Illustrations ix
Tables
3.1 Online Newspaper Reader Comments Database. 25
3.2 Online Reader Comment Types and Characteristics 26
13.1 CHP Risk Analysis (Threats and Opportunities) Results 132
15.1 Climate Change Impacts on Heritage Resources 149
15.2 Cultural Adaptive Strategies to Climate Change 152
